英语词根

英语词根

PREFIXES

a- = of;

afresh (adv.) 重新、再anew (adv.) 重新、再adown 朝下

akin 同种的、类似的

a- = on;

aback (adv.) 向后abed 在床上ablaze (a.) 发光、着火aboard (adv.) 在国外afar遥远地afloat漂浮地，漂浮的

afoot 徒步地aground （船）搁浅ahead 在……之前

ahead在……之前alive活的aloof (adv.）远离，躲开asleep睡着的away 在远方

a- = make …; 加强语气

abide遵守alight 由车或马上下来alike相似的

aloud大声地amaze使惊愕a rise起来，产生

arouse唤起ashamed 羞耻的await等候

awake吵醒athirst 渴望的

a- = ad-= to at for

abandon放弃abase贬抑abate减少

abridge缩短achieve完成amass 积聚

ameliorate改善、修正amenable顺从的amount总计

avenge为……报仇avenue大街avow 公开承认

a- = ab- = not without from away

avert 避开，调转avocation 副业，嗜好

a-= ex-=out extremely

abash 使羞愧amend 修正，改善avoid避免

a-= negative= not without

abysss 深渊，地狱achromatic 无色的Amazon 亚马逊河

amnesty 大赦，特赦amoral 非道德的apathy冷淡，漠不关心aphasia失语症asylum 避难所asymmetry不对称，不均匀atheism 无神论atom原子atypical 非典型的

ab-= from away from off

abaxial 离开轴的abdicate放弃权利，让位abduce 使外旋，外展

abduct绑架，诱拐abject 卑鄙的abnormal 变态的，不正常的abominate 痛恨，厌恶abortion 流产；堕胎abrade 摩擦，擦伤

abrupt 突然的absolve 赦免absorb 吸收；使全神贯注abuse 滥用abscess 脓疮，溃疡abscond潜逃；逃亡

abstain 戒绝abstract 提炼；抽象的abstruse 难解的

abundant 丰富的advance 前进avaunt 走开

ad- = to at for

abbreviate缩短accede允诺accelerate加速

accomplice从犯accost向人打招呼accumulate堆积

accustom使习惯acknowledge承认acquire获得

adapt适应addict使沉溺adhere粘着

advent到来advocate拥护affiliate联合

affirm确认afflict使痛苦aggress侵略

allocate分配append附加appraise评估

ascertain探知assert主张assume假定

attach附上attain达到acclimate 使服水土

al-= all

almighty 万能的almost 差不多，几乎alone 单独的

ambi- = on both sides about around

ambidextrous两手灵巧的ambiguous含糊的ambition雄心

ambivalent犹豫不决的ambient 周围的

amphi- = on both sides around

amphitheater圆形剧场amphibian 水陆两栖的amphibiology 两栖生物学

an-= negative= not without

anaemia 贫血症anaethetic 麻醉剂anarchy无政府状态anecdote 轶事ambrosia 神的食物

ana-=upon on up

anabaptist 再洗礼派教徒anachronism 时代错误analogy 相似，类似

ante- = before

antecedent在先的antechamber来宾接待室anteroom来宾接待室antedate 提前的日期anterior 前面的anticipate预期

ancient古代的ancestor祖先antediluvian 洪水时代以前的

anti- = against opposite to

anti-communist反共的antipathy反感antiseptic 防腐的antithesis对照、对比antagonist敌手Antarctic南极的

antonym反义词

auto- = self

autobiography自传autocracy专制政治autogamy自体生殖autogenous自生的autonomy自治区authentic 真正的

autoinfection自身感染autonym 真名

be-= to make

becalm 使不动befool愚弄befoul 污染

befriend照顾beguile欺骗belittle贬低，轻视benumb使麻木betroth 许配

be-= to cover with

becloud 蒙蔽bedew沾湿befog罩入雾中，迷惑bestar布满星星

be-=upon

become befall降临，遭遇behold看

bemoan悲恸beset 包围bespeak预定

be-=by

because 因为bequeath遗赠beside在旁

bene- = well good

benediction祝祷benefaction恩惠、施惠benefactor恩人beneficent亲切的、慈善的beneficial有益的beneficiary收益人

benefit有益于benevolent慈善的bonus 恩惠

bi- = double two

bicameral两院制的bilingual双语的bimonthly两个月一次的bipolar两极的biweekly一周两次的bicycle自行车

circum- = around round about

circumference圆周circumstance环境、情况circumspect 慎重的

circuit电路、回路circumlunar 环绕月球的circulate 流通，巡回

com- = together with wholly

combat战斗combine联合comfort安慰commemorate纪念commend称赞commotion骚动

commute通勤compile编辑compose组成

coalesce合并、联合coalition联合coeducation男女合校的教育coerce强迫coexist共存cooperate合作collaborate合作collapse倒塌colleague同事

collide碰撞combustion燃烧conceit自负、自大concentrate集中、专心conclude下结论concord和谐、一致condescend屈尊俯就configuration外形confront使面临conglomerate聚集conjunction结合consent同意

consume消费contaminate弄脏、污染correlate使相互关联

contra- = against

contradict否认contrary相反的contrast对比

counteract抵消counterpart相对的人或物

de- = down downward

decapitate斩首decay腐烂decease死亡

deceive欺骗decipher译（密码）declare宣告

deduce演绎、推论defect缺点defer服从

deform使残废deliberate考虑delinquency过失、犯罪demerit过失、短处demolish推翻、毁坏demonstrate证明

depict描写derive获得despise 蔑视

detail详述detain使延迟devastate使荒废、毁灭devour毁灭

de- = apart from

decode译解defer延缓deficit赤字

defrost去冰或霜dehydrate脱水detach派遣、分离

dis- = apart away

disadvantage不利disagree不同意disapprove不赞成disbelieve不信、怀疑discard抛弃discern辨认

discontinue中止discord不一致discourage使气馁discreet言行谨慎discrepancy矛盾、不一致discrete个别的、不连续的discriminate歧视disfavor不赞成disguise伪装

disgust厌恶disintegrate使分解display展示

disregard忽视、不理睬dissolve溶解、解散distribute分配

dessert甜点digest消化、融会dimension尺寸、规模diminish减少diffident缺乏自信的

en- = in into on at near make

enact制定为法律enclose围绕encompass围绕、包含encounter对抗encourage鼓励encroach侵占

endeavor努力enlarge扩大enlighten启迪

enlist使入伍enrage激怒enrich使丰裕

entitle使有资格entrust委托environment环境

embed埋入，深留embrace拥抱empower授权

ex- = out of fully

exact正确exaggerate夸大exasperate激怒

exceed超越excel优于、胜过excerpt摘录

exclude拒绝、除外execute实现exempt免除

exert施行、运用exhaust用尽exhibit陈列

exhilarate使兴高采烈exit出口exotic外国的

expand扩张、膨胀expect期望expel驱逐

expire期满explicit明确的expose暴露

exterior外面的external外部的extinguish熄灭

extrinsic外在的emancipate解放

extra- = beyond

extraordinary特别的extreme极端的extremity极端

fore- = before

forearm前臂forebear祖先, 祖宗forefather祖先, 祖宗

forefinger食指foregoing在前的, 前述的foreground前景, 最显著的位置forehead前额foreman领班, 工头foremost最先的, 最初的, 最重要的foresee预见, 预知foretell预言, 预示, 预测foreword 前言, 序

hyper- = above beyond

hyperactive极度活跃的hypercriticism苛求hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀hyper-militant 极度好战的hypersensitive感觉过敏的

hypo- = under (与hyper- 相反)

hypocrisy伪善hypothesis假设

in- = in into on

inborn天生的, 生来的incentive动机inceptive起初的, 开端的

incident事件, 事变include包括, 包含income收入, 收益

increase增加, 增大, 增长incur招致indoor户内的, 室内的

induce劝诱, 促使, 导致indulge纵容infect传染, 感染

infiltrate渗透inflame燃烧inflate使(通货)膨胀, 使充气infringe侵犯, 违反infuriate激怒infuse灌输, 注入

ingrained根深蒂固的inhale吸入inherit继承

inhibit抑制, 约束inject注射, 注入inlet入口, 小港

innate先天的, 天生的innovate改革, 创新inquire询问, 问明, 查究

inscribe记下insect昆虫insert插入, 嵌入

insight洞察力, 见识inspect 检查, 视察intake入口

intoxicate使陶醉, 醉人intrigue阴谋, 诡计intuition 直觉

invade侵略, 侵袭invest投资involve包括, 使陷于

illuminate照明, 阐明illusion幻想illustrate举例说明, 图解

immerge浸入, 浸没immigrate使移居入境impair削弱

impart传授, 告知impediment妨碍, 阻碍impinge撞击

impoverish使贫穷imprint留下烙印irrigate灌溉

inter- = between among

intercept中途阻止, 截取interchange相互交换interfere干涉, 干预

interfuse (使)混入, (使)混合intermingle混合international国际的, 世界的interplay相互影响interpret解释, 口译interrupt中断, 插嘴

intersect横断interstellar星际的intervene干涉, 干预

interval间隔, 距离interweave (使)交织

intra-/ intro- = within inward

intrapersonal内心的intra-school校内的introspect内省, 内观introvert性格内向的人

macro- = large long

macroeconomics宏观经济学macrometeorology宏观气象学micro- = small

microbiology微生物学microeconomics微观经济学 micrometeorology微观气象学microphone 麦克风microscope显微镜

neo- = new

neoclassicism新古典主义neocolonialism新殖民主义neofascism新纳粹主义neoromanticism新浪漫主义

out- = out beyond

outbreak爆发outcome结果outcry叫喊

outflow流出outlook展望outpour流出

outgrow生长速度超过outlandish异国风味的outline外形、轮廓outlive生存得比~更长outnumber数目超过outpace追过

outrage暴行outwit比~ 机智

over- = above across beyond

overact动作过度overbridge/overpass天桥overburden使负担过重overcoat大衣overcome击败、压倒overcredulous过度轻信的overcrowd过度拥挤overeat吃得过多overestimate高估overflow溢出、泛滥overlap部分重迭overseas海外的

overtake赶上overthrow推翻overturn推翻

overwhelm压倒

para- = beside beyond against contrary

parable比喻、寓言parachute降落伞paragraph段落

parallel平行paralyze使麻痹paramount最高的、卓越的per- = through thoroughly away

perceive感觉、知觉perennial永久的perfect完美的

perform实行、履行perish毁灭permanent永久的permeate渗透、普遍permit许可perpetual永远的

perplex使困扰persist持久perspective远景、视角persuade说服pervade遍及、弥漫

post- = after behind

postdoctoral博士后的posterior后部的posterity子孙postgraduate研究生postpone推迟postscript附笔

pre- = before

precaution预防precede在前preclude阻止predecessor前任predict预言preface前言

prefer较喜欢pregnant怀孕的prejudice偏见preliminary准备的premature未成熟的premium奖金

preoccupy使凝神于prepare准备prerequisite首要的事物prescribe规定present现在的preserve保存

preside主持（会议）presume假定pretend假装

prevail盛行prevent妨碍、防止preview预习

previous先前的

re- = again back

rebel谋反recall召回、号召recede后退、撤回

recite背诵reclaim教化、纠正reconcile和解、调停record记录recreation娱乐recruit招募

reduce减少redundant多余的、冗赘的refer参考

reflect反映refraction折射refresh使爽快refrigerator冰箱refuge避难rehearse预演、排练

reinforce增强reject拒绝relax放松

relevant有关的relieve减轻reluctant勉强的

remedy治疗remorse悔恨Renaissance文艺复兴

renew更新renounce放弃repeat重复

repel拒绝、排斥reply答复resemble相似

restore恢复resume重新开始retard阻碍、妨碍

retort反击、反驳revenue总收入revise校订、修正

revive振兴

retro- = backward

retrospect回顾

se- = away apart

secede脱离、退出secret秘密的secrete分泌

seduce引诱segregate分离、隔离select选择

separate分离

step- = orphaned

stepbrother同父异母(或同母异父)的哥哥(或弟弟)

stepchild前夫(或前妻)所生子女stepdaughter继女,过继的女儿stepfather继父stepmother继母stepparent继父(母) stepsister异父（母）姐妹stepson继子

sub- = under

subconscious潜意识的subject使服从sublime庄严的

submarine潜水艇submerge淹没submit屈服于

subscribe签名、捐助substance物质substitute代替

subtitle副标题、字幕subway地铁succeed继承

succinct简洁的suffer忍受suffice足够

suffocate使窒息suggest提出summon传招、召集support支持suppress镇压susceptible易受影响的suspect怀疑sustain供应、维持

super- = above over

superabundant过多的superb豪华的、有余的supercilious自大的superficial表面的、肤浅的superintend监督、管理superior较好的supernatural超自然的supersonic超音速的superstition迷信

supervise监督supreme最高的supremacy最高sovereign主权的surface表面surmount战胜、爬越surname姓surpass超越surplus过剩的

surrender屈服surround包围survey考察

survive生存

syn- = with together

synchronism同时发生syndicate 财团synonym同义字

syntax句法synthesis综合, 合成system系统, 体系

syllable音节symbol符号, 记号, 象征sympathy同情, 同情心symphony交响乐, 交响曲symposium讨论会, 座谈会symptom症状, 征兆

tele- = far off

telecommunication通讯telegram电报telegraph电报

telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视

trans- = beyond across over

transaction办理, 交易transfer转移, 传递transform转换translate翻译, 解释transmit传输, 转送transparent透明的, 明晰的transport传送, 运输tradition传统, 惯例traitor叛逆者, 叛国者tranquil安静的transcend超越, 胜过trespass侵入

with- = against back

withdraw收回, 撤消withhold使停止, 抑制withstand抵挡, 经受住

SUFFIX

–ant

assistant助手, 助教descendant子孙, 后代emigrant移民

immigrant移民, 侨民inhabitant居民, 居住者servant仆人

tenant承租人, 房客

–ee

committee委员会employee职工, 雇员examinee投考者, 应试者nominee被提名的人, 被任命者trainee练习生, 新兵

–eer

auctioneer拍卖人

–ent

agent代理(商) correspondent通讯记者opponent对手, 反对者president总统, 校长resident居民student学生, 研究者, 学者–er

baker面包师commander司令官, 指挥官 customer消费者gardener园丁leader领导者manufacturer制造商mariner水手murderer杀人犯, 凶手owner所有者, 业主philosopher哲学家, 哲人prisoner囚犯producer生产者

–ess

actress女演员empress皇后hostess女主人

princess公主stewardess女乘务员

–ist

communist共产主义者dogmatist武断的人novelist (长篇)小说家specialist 专家tourist旅行者, 旅游者typist打字员

violinist小提琴演奏者

–ism -asm

antagonism对抗(状态) Buddhism佛教communism共产主义existentialism 存在主义exoticism异国情调heroism英雄主义Marxism马克思主义optimism 乐观主义pessimism悲观主义enthusiasm热心, 积极性

–itude

altitude高度aptitude恰当, 智能fortitude坚韧

gratitude感谢latitude纬度magnitude大小, 数量,量级multitude多数solitude孤独

–able -ible

amenable available changeable desirable imponderable irritable noticeable reasonable unforgettable contemptible horrible incredible negligible

–ed

aged bearded crowned cultured gifted moneyed talented

–ful

dreadful fruitful graceful merciful mournful regretful scornful shameful thoughtful

–ic

academic angelic arctic athletic diplomatic domestic emphatic exotic fantastic gigantic idiotic lunatic patriotic scenic

–ish

bookish brownish childish feverish selfish yellowish bluish greenish reddish

–ous

envious furious glorious gorgeous industrious laborious perilous righteous spacious strenuous tremulous vicious virtuous

–proof

bombproof bulletproof fireproof foolproof rainproof soundproof waterproof weatherproof

–some

burdensome irksome meddlesome quarrelsome tiresome troublesome wearisome wholesome

–en

darken fasten hasten heighten lengthen moisten redden sharpen strengthen threaten weaken worsen

–esce 表动作开始或正在进行

coalesce obsolesce

–fy

classify edify fortify fructify identify justify liquefy nullify personify purify qualify satisfy signify simplify stupefy

–ish

admonish banish blush cherish demolish diminish flourish furnish languish punish

–ize/ -ise

civilize dramatize generalize organize specialize symbolize utilize vicimize –le

chuckle dazzle sparkle sprinkle startle twinkle

Root

act = to act(在行动)

activate刺激, 使活动activation活化, 激活activator催化剂, 触媒剂actual实际的, 真实的actuality实在, 现状actualize实现, 实施actuate开动, 促使enact制定法律, 颁布enactment设定, 制定inaction无行动, 不活动, 无为, 怠惰inactive无行动的,

不活动的interact互相作用, 互相影响react起反应, 起作用reactor反应堆reaction 反应, 反作用transact办理, 交易transaction办理, 处理, agency代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介agent代理(商) agile敏捷的, 轻快的, 灵活的agility敏捷, 活泼agitate 搅动, 摇动, 煽动, 激动agitation激动, 兴奋, 煽动, 搅动agitator煽动者agony苦恼, 极大的痛苦prodigal浪费的

alt = high (高)

altar 祭坛, (基督教教堂内的)圣坛, 祈祷祭拜的地方altimeter高度计altitude 高度, exalt晋升exaltation提升, 提高haughty 傲慢的

alter/ali = other

alter改变alteration变更, 改造alternate交替, 轮流, 改变alternation交替, 轮流, 间隔alternative二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物altruism利他主义altruistic利他的, 无私心的alien外侨alienate疏远adultery通奸, 通奸行为

am = to love

amateur业余爱好者amatory恋爱的, 情人的amiable亲切的, 和蔼可亲的amicable友善的, 和平的amorist情人, 情郎amorous多情的, 恋爱的enemy敌人, 仇敌enmity 敌意, 憎恨

ang = to strangle

anger angry anguish anxiety anxious

angl/ angul = angle

angle angular equiangular quadrangular rectangle triangle triangular

anim = breath mind

animal animate animation equanimity inanimate magnanimity unanimity unanimous

ann = year

anniversary annual biannual biennial centennial perennial

anthrop = man

anthropocentric以人类为中心的anthropography人类地理分布学, 人种志anthropology 人类学philanthropy慈善事业

apt = fit

apt aptitude aptness adapt adaptable adaptation adaptive inapt inaptitude aqua = water

aquatic水的, 水上的, 水生的, 水栖的

arm = weapons

arms armada armament armed armour alarm disarm disarmament

art = skill

artful artist artistic artless artifact artificial

aud = to hear

audible听得见的audience听众, 观众audiphones助听器audition听力, 试听auditorial审计员的, 查帐官的, 通过听觉的auditorium会堂, 礼堂auditory耳的, 听觉的obedient服从的, 孝顺的disobedient不服从的

aug = to increase to make to grow

auction auctioneer augment augmentative august author authority authoritative authorize authentic authenticity

avi = bird

aviate aviation aviator auspice auspicious inauspicious inaugurate inauguration

band/bond = to bind

band bandage bond bound boundary

bio = life

biochemistry生物化学biography传记biographer传记作者biology生物学autobiography自传autobiographical自传的antibiotic抗生素

bre = short

brief briefly abbreviation abridge abridgement

cand = white bright

candle candid candidate incandescent incandescence

cant/ chant/cent = to sing

enchant enchantment accent accentuate

cap = head

capital capitalism capitalist capitalize captain cabbage decapitate precipitate cap = to take

capable captive capture

cast = to throw

cast broadcast forecast outcast telecast

cav = hollow

cave cavern excavate

cede ceed = to go to yield

accede access accessible antecede antecedent concession exceed exceeding exceedingly excessive precede precedence precedent proceed process recession succeed success successful successive successor

ceive cept cip cipate = to take

accept acceptable acceptance accepted conceive conceivable concept conception deceive deceivable deception deceptive intercept perceive perception perceptive precept receipt receptive susceptible susceptibility anticipate anticipation participate participation emancipation

celer = swift

celerity accelerate acceleration accelerator decelerate

cent = hundred

centennial centigrade centimeter century percent percentage

centr = center

central centralism centralization acentric concentrate concentration decentralize eccentric

cern cret = to separate

concern concerning discern discreet discrete secret secretary secrete

cert = sure

ascertain certain certainty certify certificate certification concert

chron = time

chronic chronology synchronous

cide cise = to cut

concise decide decision decisive incise incision incisive insecticide precise precision suicide

circ cyc = ring

circle circular circulate circulation circuit circus encircle semicircle cycle cyclist cyclone bicycle tricycle encyclopaedia

cite = to call to urge

cite excite excitable excitement incite recite recital solicitor

claim clam = to cry

claim clamour acclaim acclamation exclaim exclamation proclaim proclamation

clin = to bend

decline incline inclination climax

clud = to shut

close closet closure conclude conclusion conclusive disclose disclosure enclose exclude exclusion exclusive include inclusion preclude seclude cognis gnos = to know

cognition cognitive diagnose diagnosis ignore ignorant recognize recognition