(寒假总动员)2020年高三英语寒假作业 专题05 动词和动词短语(学)

(寒假总动员)2020年高三英语寒假作业 专题05 动词和动词短语(学)
(寒假总动员)2020年高三英语寒假作业 专题05 动词和动词短语(学)

(寒假总动员)2020年高三英语寒假作业专题05 动词和动词短

语(学)

动词和动词短语

动词及动词短语重难点考查轨迹

1. 考查连系动词的运用

连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:

(1). 变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等。

(2). 感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, 1ook,sound等。

(3). 状态类表事物所处的状态. 如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。

(4)外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等。

2 考查感官动词和使动词的运用

常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。

常考的使役动词有make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。

3 考查主动表被动含义的动词的运用

英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义,这类动词有:

(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义。

这类动词有:sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”的结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。

This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.(这种布耐洗而且受用。)The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.(父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写字流利。)

Written in simple English, this article reads easily.(这篇文章因为是用简

单的英语写的,所以读起来容易。)

(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义。

这类动词有:open(打开,营业),close(关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),weigh (重),act(上演)等。

The door won’t shut.(这扇门不好关。)

This shop opens much earlier than it used to.(这家商店比过去开门更早了。)Each stone weighs 2 tons.(每块石头重达两吨。)

(3)某些不及物动词,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。

这类动词有:happen, occur, cost,come out(出版),come up(出现),come into being(产生),come to one’s mind(想起),come into use(开始使用), turn out (证明是),come about(发生),break out(爆发),belong to(属于),come up(被提出), be worth(值得一作), be to blame(受责备)等。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.

Suddenly an idea came to his mind.(他突然想到一个注意。)

Who is to blame for breaking the vase?(打碎花瓶应由谁负责?)

The problem finally came up at the meeting.(这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。)

Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong.(即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。)

(4)“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”句式中。

当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。

The physics problem is easy to work out.(这道物理题很容易算出来。)

A guide is expensive to employ.(雇用向导很花钱。)

This kind of fish is not fit to eat.(这种鱼不适合吃。)

4 考查带介词to的动词短语的运用

带介词to的动词短语有:be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用V-ing形式。

5. 考查词义辨析类动词或动词短语的运用

动词词义的辨析、动词的固定搭配和习惯用法一直是高考考查的重点,重在语法和意义的理解考查。学习中要牢记动词的基本含义和仔细辨别语景。

常考的熟词新意的高频动词

acknowledge承认;就...表示谢忱;告知收到(信件等);对……打招呼

say 说;表明;宣称,声明

observe观察;注意到;遵守,遵守,奉行(法律、习俗、规章等);纪念,庆祝save保留,保存(keep sth to use or enjoy in the future;节省,节约;挽救;储蓄

cover 覆盖;涉及;包含;包括,涉及;论及;负担支付;够付(费用);采访关于…的新闻;报道(…的新闻等);走过(若干里),走完(一段路程)。。

stand站、立;承受、忍受

see的基本意思是“看见”,还有“设想、想象”(imagine);“把……看作”的意思。

do的基本意思是“做”还有“行、可以、足够”(used for saying that sth is enough or is suitable for a particular purpose )的意思。

develop除了“发展”的意思之外,还有“患上(病)”,“养成…习惯”。之意。operate基本意思是“动手术”,还有“经营、管理”之意。

employ除了“雇佣”外,还可表示“利用”;“ 把(时间、精力)用于……,占据(时间、精力等)”等。

escape除了“逃走、逃脱”之意外,还可表示:“被遗忘、没被记住”(not remember)的意思。

strike除了“打、敲击”之意外,还可表示“突然想起(到)、一下子想起”(a

thought or an idea come into sb’s mind suddenly)的意思,可用下面句型:It strike sb that… 等于It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想起…… 。

meet除了“会见”外,还有“满足(愿望、要求、需求等)”(satisfy)的意思。pick除了“摘;挑选”外,还有“扒窃、从某人的口袋里偷东西”(quietly steal something f rom someone’s pocket)的意思

admit除了“承认”之意外,还可表示“接收(某人入学)、准许加入(俱乐部、组织)”(allow sb to become a member of a club, a school or an organization)的意思。

deliver除了“递送,传送”之意外,还可表示“讲课;发表(演说)”;“生孩子,为某人接生”之意。

drive “驾车”;“迫使”

suit “同(某人)相配”;“ 和……的心意,对……方便”(be convenient fo r)。常考动词短语以动词为词源形成的动词短语(含个别词组)

1.以 blow为中心

blow about 吹散

blow away 吹走

blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭

blow out吹灭,走气

blow up 爆炸,放大(照片),发脾气

give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击

2.以break为中心

break away from 脱离,逃离,打破

break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解vi.出故障抛锚,衰弱

break in 闯进,打断;使顺服

break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始

break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚

bre ak the law 违反法律

break the record 破记录

break one’s promise 失言

break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止

break open 破开,撬开

break short 中断,折断

break through 突破,克服,挤过去

break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解 vi.结束3.以build为中心

build … into 把…建设成,把…装入

build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望

build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴

build up to 增加

4.以burst为中心

burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现

burst in 闯进,突然出现

burst into 闯进,突然…起来,突然发出

burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊

burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑5.以 bring为中心

bring about 导致,引起,促使

bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复

bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落

bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出bring forward 提出

bring in 把..带进来,引进,挣得(收入)

bring into action 使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行bring into operation 使运转,将…投入生产

bring into (full) play 发挥,调动,利用

bring sb.into touch with…接触,触摸

bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走

bring on 导致,引起,使发展,提出(论点)

bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产

bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期

bring to light 出现,公布,暴露

bring to mind 使想起,回忆起

bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止

6.以call为中心

call at 访问(某地),停泊在

call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开

call for 需要,要求,接(某人),迎,取

call in 召集,收集,请入,引入

call off 取消,下令停止

call on 拜访(某人),号召

call out 大声喊,唤起

call to mind 使想起,回忆起

call up 打电话给…,召集,使想起

pay a call at sp. 访问(某地

pay a call on sb. 拜访(某人)

7.以carry为中心

carry about 随身携带

carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back 拿回,运回,使想起

carry …into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成carry off 带走叼走,夺去…的生命,获得(奖品)carry on 坚持,继续,进行

carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成

carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成

8.以catch为中心

be caught doing 被发现做某事

be caught in the rain 淋雨

catch /take fire 着火

be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞

catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车

catch (a) cold 伤风,感冒

catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎

catch one’s word 听懂某人的话

catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处

catch sight of 发现,瞥见

catch sb’s atten tion引起某人注意

catch the point of 抓住…的要点

catch up with 赶上,追及,追上

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