机工英语问答题答案
机工英语听力与会话
Lesson 1 Daily English
Task 2 Answer the questions
1. What is your name? 你叫什么名字？
My name is ……我叫……。
2. How old are you? 你多大了？
I’m twenty. 二十岁。
3. What is your marital status? 你的婚姻状况是什么？
I’m married. / I’m single.我结婚了。/我单身。
4. How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人？
Three ,my father 我的爸爸my mother 我的妈妈my brother我的兄弟my sister我的姐妹my wife 我的妻子my son我儿子my daughter我女儿and I.和我。
5. How long have you worked on board? 你在船上工作多长时间了？
For one year. 一年。
6. How many countries have you ever been to? 你去过多少个国家？
One ,the U.S.A 一个美国。
7. Do you like your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗？
Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。
8. What is your favorite color? 你最喜欢的颜色是什么？
Green. 绿色。Red. 红色。Blue. 蓝色。Yellow. 黄色。Orange. 橙色。Purple. 紫色。Brown. 棕色。White. 白色。Black.黑色。
9. Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
Spring. 春天。Summer. 夏天。Autumn.秋天。Winter.冬天。
10. What kind of music do you like? 你喜欢哪种音乐？
Pop music. 流行音乐。
Lesson 2 Common terms on board
Task 2 Answer the questions
1.How many departments are there on board ship? 船上有几个部门？
Three ,the engine department, the deck department and the service department.
三个,轮机部、甲板部和事务部。，
2.Could you list some common machinery on board? 你能列举一些船上常见的机械设备吗？Yes, I could. main engine, generator, boiler and so on.可以，主机，发电机和锅炉等等
3.Who is responsible for the engine department? 谁负责轮机部？
The chief engineer. 轮机长
4.Who is responsible for the deck department? 谁负责甲板部？
The chief officer. 大副
5.What does UMS stand for? UMS代表什么？
Unattended Machinery Space. 无人机舱.
Lesson 4 Auxiliary machinery operation
Task 2 Answer the questions
1.What’s the function of fuel oil separator? 燃油分油机的作用是什么？
To remove water and impurities from oil. 从油当中去除水和杂质。
2. What boiler is used when the ship is at sea? 当船舶在海上航行的时候使用什么锅炉？）
Exhaust gas boiler. 废气锅炉
3. What boiler is used when the ship is in port? 当船舶在港内的时候使用什么锅炉？）
Donkey boiler. 辅锅炉。
4. Why do we have to treat boiler water? 为什么我们必须处理锅炉水？
To prevent scale and corrosion. 为了防止结垢和腐蚀。
5. What is the function of purifier? 分水机的作用是什么？
To remove water from oil. 从油当中去除水。
6. What is the function of clarifier? 分杂机的作用是什么？
To remove impurities from oil. 从油当中去除杂质。
7. What is the function of pump? 泵的作用是什么？
To transfer liquid. 把液体从低处提升到高处。
8. The gear pump belongs to the positive displacement pump. True or false? 齿轮泵属于容积式泵。
正确还是错误？
It’s true. 正确。
9.What kind of liquid is the gear pump suitable for? 齿轮泵适合泵哪种液体？
Oil . 油类。
10. Which type of boiler does“D” type boiler belong to, water-tube boiler or fire-tube boiler? D型锅炉属于哪种锅炉，水管式锅炉还是火管式锅炉？
It belongs to water-tube boiler. 它属于水管式锅炉。
Lesson 5 Auxiliary machinery operationII
1.Who is in charge of the anti-pollution equipment on board? 在船上谁负责防污设备？
The fourth engineer. 三管。
2. What anti-pollution equipment do you know?你知道什么防污染设备？
Oily water separator, incinerator, sewage treatment plant.油水分离器，焚烧炉和生活污水处理装置。
3. What’s the function of the oily water separator?油水分离器的作用是什么？
To separate oil from the bilge water.从舱底水中分离出油。
4. What’s the function of the incinerator?焚烧炉的作用是什么？
To burn the oil sludge and solid wastes.焚烧油渣和固体废弃物。
5.Where should you treat sewage?你在哪里处理生活污水？
In the sewage treatment plant. 生活污水处理装置。
6.Who is in charge of the ballast water operation?谁负责压载水的操作？
The fourth engineer. 三管。
7. What is the oil content limit when discharging bilge water?当泵出舱底水时，含油量的限制是多少？15ppm.百万分之十五。
8.What may happen if you discharge bilge water with oil content over 15ppm?排出的舱底水油分浓度高于15ppm的时候会发生什么状况？
The ship will be detained or fined.船将会被扣留或者被罚款。
9. What other methods do you know to treat bilge water besides the oily water separator?除了油水分离器之外，还可以用什么方法来处理舱底水？
Filtering and settling.过滤及沉淀。
10. How do you deal with garbage on board?如何处理船上的垃圾？
Gathering and sorting.收集分类。
Lesson 6 Auxiliary machinery operation
Task 2 Answer the questions
1.What is pH value of cooling water kept at 20 degrees centigrade? 20摄氏度的冷却水的pH值是多
少？
It is above 7. 7以上。
2.How to remove the impurities from bilge water? 怎样从舱底水中去除杂质？
Filtering it. 过滤它。
3.Whose permission should you get if you discharge bilge water? 如果排放舱底水你应该得到谁的
允许？
The permission from the bridge. 驾驶台的允许。
4.What equipment should you use if you discharge bilge water? 如果排放舱底水你应该用什么设
备？
The oily water separator and the bilge water pump. 油水分离器和舱底水泵。
5.What pump will you use to transfer bilge water from slop tank to the oily water separator? 你将
使用什么泵把舱底水从污水舱驳运到油水分离器？
Screw pump. 螺杆泵。
6.What valve is used to supply sea water for the fire main directly? 什么阀用来直接给消防总管供
海水？
Sea chest. 海底阀箱。
7.What is fresh water used for on board? 船上的淡水用来做什么？
It is used for drinking, cleaning, cooling and boilers water. 用于饮用，清洁冷却和锅炉水。
8.What is sea water used for on board? 船上的海水用来做什么？
It is used for cooling, cleaning, fire fighting and ballasting. 用于冷却，清洁，消防和压载。
9.What is used as a source to produce fresh water? 什么用作生产淡水的来源？
Sea water 海水。
10.What equipment can be used to produce fresh water? 什么设备用来制造淡水？
Fresh water generator. 造水机。
Lesson 7 Stand by Engine
Task 2 Answer the Questions
1.When do you need to communicate with the bridge? 你什么时候需要跟驾驶台联系？
When it is necessary, for example in stand by engine or emergency situation.当备车或应急情况等必须的情况下。
2. When should you check the engine telegraph? 什么时候应该检查车钟？
Before standby engine and after repairs.备车之前和修理之后
3. How do you check the engine telegraph? 怎样检查车钟？
Check it according to signals from bridge根据驾驶台的信号检查车钟
4. When must you test the steering gear? 什么时候必须检查舵机？
Before standby engine, after repairs and during PSC inspection.备车之前，修理之后和港口国检查期间
5. What items of the main engine should you check before starting?
主机启动前。你应该检查什么项目？
Check the fuel oil, lube oil, cooling water and starting air..检查燃油，滑油，冷却水和启动空气。6.How do you test the main engine? 如何测试主机？
Give the main engine a brief trial on power ahead and astern. 简单地正车和倒车试车。
7. How does the duty engineer correct the clock in engine room? 值班轮机员如何在机舱核对时间？
To do it according to the bridge instruction.根据驾驶台的指示核对时间
8. What should you prepare for cooling water system when “stand by engine”? 备车时你对冷却水系
统应做哪些准备工作？
Cooling water should be at working level and heated to proper temperature.冷却水应该在工作水位上然后加热到合适的温度
9、How are you going to change fuel oil over to diesel oil?
如何将重油换成轻油？
Close the steam valve, decrease the fuel oil temperature and open diesel oil valve.关闭蒸汽阀，降低燃油温度，打开柴油阀
10. Why does the engine speed rise up by using fuel oil instead of diesel oil? 为什么用重油代替轻油
后，主机的转速会增加？
Because the specific gravity of fuel oil is higher than diesel oil.因为重油的比重比轻油的大
Lesson 8 Emergency Situation
Taks2 Answer the questions
1. As soon as you hear the fire and emergency signal, what should you ensure? 一旦你听到火灾和应
急信号，你应该确定什么？
Ensure the fire pumps are started.确保消防泵启动。
2. How do you put it out when you come across the fire caused by electrical equipment? 当你遇到电
气设备引起的火灾时，你怎么扑灭它？
To cut off electricity supply first and put it out by dry powder. 首先切断电源然后用干粉灭火。
3.When the fire alarm is sounded continuously, what should the engine room personnel do? 当火灾警
报连续鸣响时，机舱人员该怎么做？
To start the emergency fire pump. 启动应急消防泵。
4. If a warning of a crankcase explosion is received, what steps should be taken right away? 如果收到
曲轴箱爆炸的警报，你应该立刻采取什么措施？
To reduce engine speed and then stop the engine.。减速然后停车
5. What is essential before checking any kind of electrical equipment? 在检查任何电器设备之前，什
么是最重要的？
Cut off the power supply first. 首先切断电源
6. What actions should you take if the exhaust temperature of the main engine is excessive high? 如果
主机排气温度过高，你应该采取什么措施？
To reduce the engine speed and find out the cause.减速然后找原因
7. In the event of blackout, what should you do as a chief engineer? 万一发生全船失电，作为轮机长你应该做什么？
Go to engine room at once and then report to bridge and captain.立刻下机舱然后报告给驾驶台和船长
8. How many types of extinguisher do you know? List some. 你知道多少种灭火器，请列举一些？Four. Such as water,dry powder, foam , carbon dioxide and so on .四种，例如水、干粉，泡沫，二氧化碳等。
9. In the event of collision, what should you do? 万一发生碰撞，你应该做什么？
I must act according to the muster list. 我将执行应变部署表分配的工作。
10. What should be done before carbon dioxide is released to the engine room? 机舱释放二氧化碳之
前，该做什么工作？
Sound alarm and evacuate all person from the engine room. Then close all the doors and vents. 拉响警报撤离机舱所有人员，然后关闭所有的门，通风口。
Lesson 9 Emergency Situation
Task 2 Answer the questions
1.What immediate actions should be taken for engine room flooding? 当机舱进水时应立即采取什么
措施？
Inform the bridge and chief engineer at once, then stop leaking and pump water overboard立刻报告驾驶台和轮机长，然后阻止泄漏把水泵出舷外
2. If you found an oil spill in the sea, how would you react? 如果你在海上发现溢油，将如何作出反
应？
Report to the nearest port authority, take actions to control pollution and so on. 报告给最近的港口当局，采取措施控制污染等等
3. How do you treat the injured person who is not breathing? 你怎样处理不能呼吸的伤员？
Apply first aid. 实施急救。
4. How do you test the engine for the lifeboat? 怎样测试艇机？
Check oil level, start operation and stop it检查油位，开始运行然后停止
5. What are materials for oil pollution prevention? 什么材料可以用来防止油污染？
They include saw dust, rags, oil boom, oil dispersant and so on.它们包括锯末，破布，围油栏，消油剂等等。
6. What is the alarm signal for oil spill? 溢油信号是什么？
One short, two long and one short一短，两长，一短
7. What is the alarm signal for a man falling overboard? 有人落水的信号是什么？
Three long blasts.三长声。
8. What can be used to prevent spilt oil from spreading out in the event of oil spill? 当发生溢油时什么可以用来防止溢油扩散？
Oil booms.围油栏。
9. What life-saving devices are equipped on board your ship? 你们船上配备什么救生设备？
Lifeboat, life raft, life buoy, life jacket and so on.救生艇，救生筏，救生圈，救生衣等等。
10. How do you evacuate from the engine room upon abandon ship order? 当弃船命令发出后你怎么从机舱撤离？
By escaping path. 通过逃生路线。
Lesson 11 Port State Control Inspection
Taks2 Answer the questions
1. What is PSC? PSC是什么？
Port State Control. 港口国安全检查。
2. What is the purpose of PSC inspection? PSC 检查的目的是什么？
To ensure the safety of the ship and crew, and avoid the pollution to the marine environment. PSC检查的目的是保证船及船员的安全和避免污染海洋环境。
3. What should you do as a motorman before PSC inspection? 在PSC检查前，作为一个机工你应该做什么？
Keep the engine room clean and tidy. 保持机舱干净整洁。
4. What kind of ship should be provided with Oil Record Book Part I? 什么类型的船应配备油类记录
簿I？
Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above other than oil tanker. 总吨位为150吨或以上的油轮，以及除油轮之外的总吨位为400吨或以上的船。
5.What is IOPP? How long is it valid? 什么是IOPP？有效期多长？
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate. 5 years.国际防油污染证书，有效期5年。
6.What is the oil content limit when pumping out bilge water? 当泵出舱底水时含油量的限制是多
少？
15ppm.百万分之十五
7.What do you know about MARPOL? 关于MAPPOL公约你知道什么？
The MARPOL is the main international convention for pollution prevention of the marine environment.
MARPOL公约是防止海洋环境污染的主要国际公约。
8.What basic training should a crewmember receive before working on board? 船员上船工作之前应
接受什么基本培训？
Fire fighting, life saving, pollution prevention, and fist aid. 消防，救生，防污染和急救。
9.What is SOPEP? SOPEP是什么？
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. 船舶油污染应急计划。
10.How often should you perform fire-fighting drill and life-saving drill? 你们多长时间进行一次消
防和救生演习？
Once a month. 一个月一次。
Lesson 12 ISM/ISPS Inspection
Task2 Answer the questions
1. What is ISPS? ISPS是什么？
International ship and port facility security code. 国际船舶与港口设施保安规则
2. What is ISM? 什么是ISM?
International Safety Management Code. 国际安全管理规则
3. What is IOPP? How long is it valid? IOPP是什么？有效期是多久？
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate. 5 years. 国际防油污证书。有效期5年。
4.What does SMS stand for? SMS代表什么？
Safety Management System. 安全管理系统
5.What does SSO stand for in the ISPS Code? 在ISPS规则中，SSO代表什么？
Ship Security Officer. 船舶保安员
6.What does SSA stand for in the ISPS Code? 在ISPS规则中，SSA代表什么？
Ship Security Assessment. 船舶保安评估
7.What does ISSC stand for in the ISPS Code? 在ISPS规则中，ISSC代表什么？
International Ship Security Certificate. 国际船舶安全证书
8.What does CSO stand for in the ISPS Code? 在ISPS规则中，CSO代表什么？
Company Security Officer. 公司保安员
9.What does SOPEP consist of? SOPEP由什么组成？
Emergency contacts, anti-pollution equipment, muster list for oil pollution, report procedure when accident occur, and so on.
SOPEP由应急联络，防污染设备，防油污的应变部署表，事故发生时的报告程序等组成
10.How often do you perform security drills? 保安演习多长时间进行一次？
Once every three months. 每三个月一次
Lesson 13 Engine Room Maintenance
Task 2 Answer the questions
1.How to control fuel oil viscosity of main engine? 如何控制主机的燃油粘度？
By controlling the oil temperature.通过控制燃油的温度
2.Why sea water is not used directly as a coolant in diesel engine? 为什么海水不能直接用来作为柴
油机的冷却剂？
Because it is corrosive. 因为它有腐蚀性。
3.How do you clean the lube oil filters? 怎样清洁滑油滤器？
By washing with diesel oil. 用柴油清洗。
4. Why must the cylinder oil have alkalinity? 为什么汽缸油含有碱性？
To neutralize the acid condition.中和酸性状况
5. Why do you often carry out the water treatment for the boiler? 为什么你要经常对锅炉水进行处理？
To avoid corrosion and scale.避免腐蚀和结垢
6、Why does the refrigerating compressor start and stop frequently? 为什么制冷压缩机启停频繁？
Because of leaking liquid line, lack of refrigerant, dirty or iced evaporator and so on.因为液管泄漏，缺少制冷剂，蒸发器脏或者结冰等等
7、What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine? 拆卸主机汽缸前应该做什
么准备？
Prepare special tools and drain off residual oil and water.准备专用工具及放掉残留的油和水。
8、How do you clean the fuel oil filters? 怎样清洁燃油滤器？
By washing with diesel oil. 用柴油清洗。
9. What do you pay attention to when standing by engine? 当主机启动时你要注意什么？
Check various pressure and temperatures, warm up the engine, turn the engine with turning gear and so on.检查各种压力和温度，暖机，用盘车机盘车等等。
10. When the diesel engine exhausts white smoke, what will you do? 当主机冒白烟时，你将要做什
么？
Stop the main engine and check the fuel oil.停主机然后检查燃油。
Lesson 1 Daily English
1. Make a brief self-introduction 做一个简短的自我介绍。
My name is XXX. I’m 24 years old. I am single. I’m from Liaoning province. My favorite color is bule.I
like pop music.
我的名字是XXX.今年24岁，单身，来自辽宁省。我最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。我喜欢流行音乐。
2. Talk about your family. 谈一谈你的家庭。
There are three people in my family: my father, my mother and me. My father is a teacher. My mother is a doctor. I am a seaman.我家里有三口人:爸爸，妈妈和我。我的爸爸是一位老师，妈妈是一名医生。我是一名海员。
3. Talk about your education experience. 谈谈你的教育经历。
I have graduated from senior high school in 2010.I am studying in HuaDalian International Training Center. I want to be a motorman. 2011年我从高中毕业，我现在在大连国际船员培训中心学习，我想成为一名机工。
4. Talk about your work experience. 谈谈你的工作经历.
Sorry, I am a student now. I have no working experience.对不起，我现在是一名学生，我没有工作经验。
5. Suppose you are in a foreign county and you want to find a supermarket .How could you ask the way. 假设你在国外，你想找一个超市，你怎样问路？
Excuse me ，Can you tell me the way to the supermarket? 打扰了，您能告诉我去超市的路怎么走吗？
6. You meet a friend in the street. You are talking about the weather. 你在街上遇到了你的朋友，你们正在谈论天气。
Hello,Li Ming. It's a nice day today. Yes, It’s sunny. But the weather forecast say it will rain tomorrow.李明，今天天气真好，是啊，天气晴朗，但是天气预报说明天将有雨。
Lesson2 Daily Engine Room Business
1.Talk about the departments on board ship. 谈论一下船上的部门．
There are three departments on board ship. They are the deck department, the engine department and the service department. The chief officer is in charge of the deck department. The chief engineer is in charge of the engine department. I am a motorman. I belong to the engine department.
在船上有三个部门，它们甲板部，轮机部和事务部．大副负责甲板部，轮机长负责轮机部。我是一名机工，我属于轮机部。
2.Talk about the common machinery on board.谈论一下船上的常见机械。
There are many types of marine machinery on board, such as Main engine, Generator, Boiler, Pumps and so on. Main engine is the heart of the engine room. Generators generate the electrical power. Boiler produces steam for all kinds of service. Pumps serve for other machines or ship’s operation.
船上有各种各样的船舶机械，例如主机、发电机、锅炉、泵等。主机是机舱的心脏。发电机制造电能。锅炉为各种设备制造蒸汽。泵为其他设备或者船舶的操作服务。
3.Talk about your daily work on board as a motorman.谈论一下你作为机工的日常工作。
As a motorman, I work in the engine room. I am on watch twice a day. During the watch, I should check the working conditions of all the equipment in the engine room, levels of all tanks and engine room bilge wells. I should also keep the engine room clean and tidy.
作为一名机工，我在机舱工作，一天值两次班。在值班期间，他应该检查机舱内所有设备的工作状况，所有柜子的液位以及机舱舱底水井的液位。我也应该保持机舱干净整齐。
4.Talk about your working experience.谈论一下你的工作经历。
Sorry, I am a student now. I have no working experience.对不起，我现在是一名学生，我没有工作经验。
5.Talk about your future plan.谈论一下你未来的计划。
I am studying in Dalian International seafarer training center. Through several months’study, I will get the motorman competency certificate. Then I will get a job on board ship. As a motorman on board, I will work very hard. My final plan is to be a Chief Engineer.我现在在大连国际船员培训中心学习。通过几个月的学习，我将获得机工适任证书。然后在船上找到一份工作。上船做机工后我会努力工作。我的最终计划是成为一名轮机长。
Lesson 3
1.Please describe the machines in the engine room.请描述一下机舱里的机器设备。
There are many types of machines in the engine room, such as Main engine, Generator, Boiler, Pumps and so on. Main engine is the heart of the engine room. Generators generate the electrical power. Boiler produces steam fo r all kinds of service. Pumps serve for other machines or ship’s operation.
机舱里有各种各样的机械，例如主机、发电机、锅炉、泵等。主机是机舱的心脏。发电机制造电能。锅炉为各种设备制造蒸汽。泵为其他设备或者船舶的操作服务。
2.Say something about the central cooling water system.说说中央冷却水系统。
Central cooling water system is one of the most common systems on board. Fresh water is used to cool down the engine room mashineries, then the fresh water is cooled by the sea water.
中央冷却水系统是船上最重要的系统之一，淡水用于冷却机舱设备，之后淡水被海水冷却。
3.Introduce the main engine to students visiting your ship.向参观贵船的学生介绍主机。
The main engine of our ship is a large four-stroke engine. The main parts of the engine are bedplate, crankcase, crankshaft , cylinders, pistons, connecting rod and so on.
我们船主机是一个大型四冲程机。发动机的主要部件有底座、曲轴箱、曲轴、气缸、活塞、连杆等等。
3.Please describe the work on board.请描述船上工作。
As a motorman, I work in the engine room. I am on watch twice a day. During the watch, I should check the working conditions of all the equipment in the engine room, levels of all tanks and engine room bilge wells. I should also keep the engine room clean and tidy.
作为一名机工，我在机舱工作，一天值两次班。在值班期间，他应该检查机舱内所有设备的工作状况，所有柜子的液位以及机舱舱底水井的液位。我也应该保持机舱干净整齐。
Lesson 4 Auxiliary Machinery Operation (I)
1.Talk about the auxiliary machinery in the engine room.谈论一下机舱里的辅助机械。
The auxiliary machinery is much more in number.such as the generator, the boiler, the oil separator, the fresh water generator, pumps and so on. They are not as big as the main engine, but much in number.
Without them, the ship can’t sail at sea.辅助机械是指机舱里除了主机以外的所有机械，例如发电机，锅炉，分油机，造水机,泵等等。它们不像主机那么大，但是数量上要多。没有他们船不能在海上航行。
2.Describe the two types of boilers on board.描述一下船上的两种锅炉。
There are two types of boilers on board, the fire-tube boiler and the water-tube boiler. The water-tube boiler is employed for high temperature and pressure. The fire-tube boiler is used for auxiliary purpose. 船用锅炉有两种，火管锅炉和水管锅炉。水管锅炉用于高温高压场合。火管式锅炉用于辅助目的。
3.Talk about oil treatment.谈论油的处理。
The oil require treatment before passing to the engine. The water and impurities must be removed by oil separator.油在使用之前要进行处理。油中的水和杂质需通过分油机除去。
Lesson 5
1.Talk about some anti-pollution equipment and their applications.谈谈防污染设备和他们的应用。There are some anti-pollution equipment on board. They are oily water separator, incinerator and sewage treating plant. Oily water separator is used to remove water from bilge water. The incinerator is used to burn the sludge and wastes. The sewage treating plant is used to treat sewage.
船上有一些防污染设备：他们是油水分离器、焚烧炉和生活污水处理装置。油水分离器用于除去舱底水中的油，焚烧炉用于焚烧油污泥和垃圾，生活污水处理装置用于处理生活污水。
2. Say something about marine pollution.说一些关于海洋污染的事。
There are a lot of mater in ship will cause sea pollution. Such as bilge water, sludge and wastes, sewage and so on. The main anti-pollution equipment on board are oily water separator, incinerator and sewage treating plant.
船上有很多物质能造成海洋污染，例如舱底水，油污泥和垃圾，生活污水等。主要防污染设备有油水分离器、焚烧炉、生活污水处理装置。
4.Say something about the function and management of ballast water. 说说压载水的功能和管理。The ballast water is used to ballast or trim the vessel. The fourth engineer is in charge of the ballast water operation.
压载水用于压载和调整船舶，三管轮负责压载水的操作。
Lesson 6 Auxiliary machinery operation (III)
4.Say something about the maintenance work of electrical equipment.谈论一下有关电气设备的维
护工作。
Cleanliness is essential for good operation of the electrical equipment. Dirt on the electrical equipment will cause insulation breakdown, leakage currents, even earth fault. We should remove the dirt .清洁对于电气设备的良好运行是必不可少的。聚集在电气设备上的灰尘会导致绝缘击穿，漏电流甚至接地故障。我们应该清除灰尘。
5.Talk about the importance of water on board.谈论一下船上水的重要性。
Water is very important on the ship. Without water, the seaman can’t live and many machines can’t work. The fresh water is used for drinking, cooling, cleaning and boiler water.The sea water is used for cooling fire fighting and ballasting.水在船上非常重要。没有水，海员无法生存，机器无法运转。淡水用于饮用、冷却、清洁和锅炉水。海水用于冷却、消防和压载水。
6.Say something about the management and treatment of the bilge water.说说有关舱底水的处理。
The operation of the bilge water is very important on board. It must be filtered and treated by oily water separator. The oil content should be not more than 15 ppm.
舱底水操作在船上非常重要。它必须经过过滤，油水分离器处理。舱底水的油分含量应不大于15PPM.
Lesson 7 Stand by Engine
1.Talk about the telegraph in the engine room谈一下机舱车钟
On the telegraph, two directions are shown, that is, ahead and astern, and between them is the stop position. Every time before sailing, this telegraph must be checked.
在车钟上，显示两个方向，那就是，正车和倒车，在它们之间是停车位。每次航行前，车钟必须被检查。
2. Talk about Engine Room Orders
The engine orders include:
Stand by engines; Finished with engines; Stop engine;
Full ahead; half ahead; slow ahead; dead slow ahead;
Full astern; Half astern; Slow astern; Dead slow astern;
谈一下机舱命令
机舱令包括：
备车，完车，停车
全速前进，半速前进，慢速前进，微速前进
全速倒车，半速倒车，慢速倒车，微速倒车
3. Say something about standby engine before departure. 谈论一下关于离港前备车
After this order is given from bridge, the following work should be done one by one:
Check main engine telegraph and ship’s clock
Test the steering gear operation
Start another generator and put in use
Start all necessary pumps
Put on turning gear and let it run about half hour
Drain water from air receiver
驾驶台发出指令后，做以下的工作
检查主机车钟和船上的表
测试舵机的运行
启动另一个发电机并投入使用
启动所有必要的泵
啮合盘车机并使其运行约半小时
泄放空气瓶的水
4. Say something about standby engine after sailing. 谈论一下关于航行后备车
1) When do you begin standing by engine?
2) How do you stand by engine?
Before arriving at somewhere something must be done in advance: the C/E must be in the engine control room. The duty engineer must prepare the fuel changing over from heavy fuel to diesel oil the starting air bottles must be pumped up to their maximum allowable pressure. The oily water separator and fresh water generator are to be stopped. Start another alternator for sufficient power supply some control modes must be changed to manual ones and so on.
在到达某地之前，一些事情须提前被做：老轨必须在集控室。值班轮机员必须准备换油，启动空气瓶须泵至最大可允许的压力。油水分离器和造水机要停止运行。再启动一台发电机用于提供足够电力。一些控制模式必须换到手动，等等。
Lesson 8 Emergency Situation (I)
1.Talk about fire fighting equipment on board. 谈一下船上的消防设备
There is a lot of fire fighting equipment on board, including: fire pumps, fire extinguishers, fire hoses, fixed installation and so on. There are many types of portable extinguishers used on board ship. Water is suitable for Class A fire. Dry powder and CO2 extinguisher are suitable for Class B and Class C fire. Foam is suitable for Class A and Class B fire.在船上有很多消防设备，包括：消防泵，灭火器，消防水龙带和固定装置等。水适合于A类火，干粉、二氧化碳灭火器适用于B类和C类，泡沫适用于A类和C类火灾。
2. Talk about actions to be taken when a fire occurs in the engine room. 谈论一下当机舱发生火灾时采取的行动
If a fire occurs, the following actions should be taken at once: (1) report to the (captain) or push the alarm button; (2) close the ventilation doors; (3) shut off the electric power; (4) ensure the fire source; (5) put out the fire by portable extinguisher, (6) check the number of the engine crew; (7) let out carbon dioxide. 如果发生火灾，，立刻采取行动：1 报告给船长或者按下报警按钮 2 关闭通风门3切断电源 4 确定火源 5 用便携式灭火器灭火 6 清点机舱人员7释放二氧化碳
3. Talk about actions to be taken in the event of collision. 谈论万一发生碰撞，采取的行动
(1) Stand by the engine; (2) cut off electric power, oil, water and air near the accident place; (3) carry out Captain’s order.
1 备车3 切断事故位置附近的电源，油、水、以及空气。3 执行船长的命令
4. Talk about actions to be taken when a blackout occurs in the engine. 万一发生全船断电，采取的行动
(1) inform the bridge and chief engineer; (2) start up the standby generator; (3) supply the power; (4) restore the switch of automatic trip.
1 通知驾驶台和轮机长
2 启动备用发电机3供电4 恢复自动跳闸的开关
Lesson 9Emergency Situation (II)
1. Talk about the Muster list. 谈一下应变部署表
The muster list is an important document on board. It tells the crew members their position and duties in emergency situations, such as fire, collision, oil spill, abandoning ship, ship grounding and so on.应变部署表是船上的重要文件。它告诉船员在紧急情况下他们的位置和职责，例如火灾，碰撞，溢油，弃船等等。
2. Actions to be taken in the event of flooding. 万一进水，采取的行动
1) Acting in full compliance with the Muster List.
2) Actions to be taken in terms of notifying, locating, restricting, and handling.
(1) Report to the bridge (Captain); (2) slow down the M/E; (3) close watertight doors; (4) open the emergency valve; (5) start seawater pump; (6) discharge some water overboard.
1）按照应变部署表行动
2）在通知，定位，限制和处理方面采取的措施
1 报告给驾驶台或船长
2 给主机降速
3 关闭水密门
4 打开应急阀5启动海水泵6将水排放到船外
3.Talk about the actions to be taken in the event of a man falling overboard. 谈一下万一有人落水，采取的行动
1) Shouting and notifying.
2) Take measures to rescue the person falling overboard.
1.shout for help
https://www.360docs.net/doc/cd208112.html,rm the bridge,
3.throw a lifebuoy into the water and keep the man in his visual scope.
4.The bridge should sound the alarm, and take measures to save the man.呼救通知
7.采取措施救出落水人员
万一有人落水，看见事故的人必须大声呼救，通知驾驶台，将救生圈扔到水中，让落水人员在视线范围之内。驾驶台应当发出警报，采取措施去救人.
4. Talk about an abandon ship drill谈一下弃船演习
1) How often shall an abandon ship drill be conducted?
弃船演习多长时间进行一次？
2) actions taken in that case. 在事件中采取的行动
3) your comments as to the actions.对于行动的你的意见
(1) Start up the emergency generator; (2) shut down the boiler; (3) cut off fuel supply; (4) close the ventilators, doors and so on; (5) close watertight doors; (6) launch lifeboat.
1 启动应急发电机2关闭锅炉3切断电源4关闭通风机、门等等6救生艇下水
Lesson 11 Port State Control Inspection
1. Say something about PSC inspection (the purpose, the item to be checked, the conventions the inspection based on). 请谈一下有关PSC检查（目的，检查项目，检查遵循的规则）
PSC stands for port state control. Its purpose is to ensure safety at sea, prevent fire and pollution. During PSC inspection there is a lot of equipment in engine room to be inspected such as: emergency equipment, life saving equipment, fire fighting equipment and so on. If deficiencies are found in the inspection. PSC 代表港口国监督。它的目的是确保海上安全，防火、防污染。在PSC检查期间，机舱有很多设备要检查，例如应急设备，救生设备，和消防设备等等。
2. Talk about a fire drill. 谈一下火灾演习
As seamen, we often have fire drill. We usually have the drill once a month. Each member is in charge of one duty. There is a lot of equipment to be used in the drill such as: fire pump, fire extinguishers, life jackets, boats and so on.作为船员，我们经常进行消防演习。演习通常一个月进行一次。每个船员负责一项职责。在演习中要使用许多设备，例如消防泵，灭火器，救生衣，救生艇等等。
3. Talk about your responsibilities as a motorman. 谈论一下你作为机工的职责。
As a motorman, I work in the engine room. I am on watch twice a day. During the watch, I should check the working conditions of all the equipment in the engine room, levels of all tanks and engine room bilge wells. I should also keep the engine room clean and tidy.
作为一名机工，我在机舱工作，一天值两次班。在值班期间，他应该检查机舱内所有设备的工作状况，所有柜子的液位以及机舱舱底水井的液位。我也应该保持机舱干净整齐。
4. Talk about the triangle of a fire (heat, fuel, air) 谈一下火的三要素（热，空气，燃料）
We know fire has three essential elements: heat, air, fuel. Only the three elements meet a suitable condition can the fire occur. we can use three basic ways to put out the fire, i. e. isolating mode, cooling mode and stifling mode.
我们知道火有三个主要元素：热、空气、燃料。只有这三要素满足合适的条件，火就会发生。我们能使用三种基本方法来灭火：那就是：隔离模式，冷却模式，窒息模式
Lessson 12 ISM/ISPS Inspection
1.Please talk about the ISPS Code.请谈论一下关于ISPS规则。
ISPS stands for International Ship and Port Facility Security. The ISPS Code contains detailed security-related requirements for governments, port authorities and shipping companies in a mandatory section (Part A), together with a series of guidelines about how to meet these requirements in a second, mandatory section.
ISPA规则代表国际船舶和岸上设备安全。它包含强制性章节（A部分）的对于政府、港口当局和船公司详细的相关要求，还包括次强制性章节中关于应对这些要求打的一系列指导方针。
2.Please talk about the ISM Code.请谈论一下ISM规则。
ISM stands for International Safety Management. The ISM code means the International Management Code for the safe operation of the ships and for pollution prevention. ISM code aims to ensure the safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damages to environment, particularly the marine environment., and to the property. ISM规则代表国际安全管理。ISM规则意思是针对船舶安全操作和防污染的国际管理规则。ISM规则的目的是确保海上安全，防止人员伤亡，并避免环境破坏，尤其是海洋环境，避免财产损失。
3. Please describe something about ship security training and drills.描述一下船舶安全训练和演习
1) The time or interval of such ship security training and drills to be conducted on board?
2) The persons involved in ship security training and drills?
3) The main procedures and requirements of ship security training and drills.
1)Crew should be trained annually about their, their duties according to ISPS, or carry out SSO training.
A security drill is carrying out a least 3 months or when more than 25 percent of the ship’s p ersonal have been changed.
2) It may involve all the members, especially the SSO or other security personal.
3) Training and drills are to be carried out according to ship’s situation and ship security plan.
1 在船上执行安全训练和演习间或间隔
2 船舶安全训练和演习涉及的人员
3 船舶安全训练和演习的主要程序和要求
1）船员应当根据ISPS了解他们的职责，每年训练一次，或者执行sso训练。当船上超过百分之二十五的人员被更换时，至少三个月执行一次安全演习。
2）它可能包括所有人员，特别是SSO或其他安全人员。
3）根据船舶设备和船舶安全计划执行训练和演习
4. As a motorman, please talk about your responsibilities according to your company’s SMS. 作为机工,谈论一下根据你们公司的安全管理系统你的职责。
As a motorman, I work in the engine room. I am on watch twice a day. During the watch, I should check the working conditions of all the equipment in the engine room, levels of all tanks and engine room
bilge wells. I should also keep the engine room clean and tidy.
作为一名机工，我在机舱工作，一天值两次班。在值班期间，他应该检查机舱内所有设备的工作状况，所有柜子的液位以及机舱舱底水井的液位。我也应该保持机舱干净整齐。
Lesson 13 Engine room Maintenance
1.Please speak out four fixed parts of the main engine and how do you maintain them.请说出主机
的四个固定部件以及你如何保养它们。
The fixed parts of the main engine includes bedplate, cylinder liner, cylinder head, main bearing and so on.
The maintenance work of the fixed parts of the main engine is as follows: (1) Check holding-down bolt tension; (2) Check and measure the wear of the cylinder liner; (3) Clean the lubrication grooves;
(4) Inspect combustion chamber; (5) Clean sealing face for the fuel injectors in the cylinder head; (6)
Inspect main bearings and lower bearing shells; (7) Check and measure wear and clearance of the main bearings and so on.
主机的固定部件包括机座、缸套，缸头，主轴承等等。
主机固定部件的维护工作如下：1、检查压紧螺栓张力；2、检查并测量缸套的磨损程度；3、清理润滑油槽；4、检查燃烧室；5、清理缸头喷油器的密封面；6、检查主轴承和下轴瓦；7、检查并测量主轴承的磨损和轴承间隙等等。
2.As a motorman, what maintenance work do you usually do during your watch?作为机工你值班期间通常做什么维护工作？
As the motorman，besides standing a watch twice a day, I must maintain the main engine
and auxiliary machinery. I maintain the pumps, valves, pipes and so on. During the watch, I should check the working conditions of all the equipment in the engine room, levels of all tanks and engine room bilge wells. I should also keep the engine room clean and tidy.
作为一名机工，除了一天值两次班，我必须维护保养主机和辅助机械，泵阀管等等。在值班期间，他应该检查机舱内所有设备的工作状况，所有柜子的液位以及机舱舱底水井的液位。我也应该保持机舱干净整齐。
3.Please say something about the moving parts of main engine and their maintenance work.请说一下关于主机的运动部件及其维护工作。
The moving parts of the main engine include the piston, the connecting rod, and the crankshaft. The maintenance work of the moving parts of the main engine is as follows: (1) clean and measure piston ring grooves; (2) open up cooling spaces and clean them; (3) check tightness after reassembly; (4) measure crank deflections and so on.
主机的运动部件包括活塞，连杆和曲轴。主机运动部件的维护工作如下：1、清理并测量活塞环槽；
2、打开冷却区域并清理它们；
3、重新组装后检查是否上紧；
4、测量臂距差等等。
4.How do you maintain the refrigerating compressor?你如何维护制冷压缩机？
Refrigerating compressor is used in the marine refrigeration system. Regular inspections of all components of the refrigerant circuit must be made to try to locate any leaks as soon as they arise. The quickest, but the least efficient test is to examine for traces of oil. Attention should be concentrated on compressor glands, flanges and pipe joints, particularly the flared ends of copper pipes.
制冷压缩机被用于船舶制冷系统。制冷剂回路的所有部件的检查必须能够在泄漏发生时立即定位泄漏位置。最快并且最有效的测试是检查油的痕迹。应当密切注意压缩机的填料压盖、法兰和管路接头，特别是铜管的翻边管端。
英语阅读理解题及答案
英语阅读理解题及答案 Do you love holidays but hate the increase weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会),have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. Choose lean meat(瘦肉 ).Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess(过多的) calories.
商务英语口试常见话题
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