英语学习印度为什么可怕

Why India terrible

"21st century": as a living and working in the overseas Chinese scholars dead you on the competitiveness between China and India is how they feel and how they look?

Ding Xueliang said India competitiveness heads let's start small. There is a phenomenon that is very worthy of attention - the quality of college students in India is generally higher than that of Chinese College students. I do research and teaching in Universities in the United States, Australia and Hongkong, and my colleagues and I have found that students from India must be the best students in the class. First, they continue to study the serious attitude and spirit of hard work. Second, they performed well, not only did a good job in the examination, but also very actively initiated and participated in the discussion. They will be very independent and critical thinking based on problem. Third, the ability of India students to conduct independent research, generally higher than the Chinese students.

Observation of a student's talent and potential, the important is watching his (or her) how to ask questions: from a simple question, it can be seen that he have do not have to seize the whole discussion of the most critical aspects of the wisdom of puncture force. India American students in this general performance, far more than the Chinese students I met.

It is the students who are seen in other areas, such as the business, industry, culture and academia. I look out from my personal perspective, in the international community, the success of the India people, far more than the Chinese people, but also more eye-catching. From these aspects, India has more advantages than China.

The next 10 years to 15 years, today, China's college students will enter the country's most important areas and departments. We will see more and more clearly, India in terms of software - this includes administrative, legal, language skills, education and scientific research system, etc., to be much better than us. These factors will be the two largest countries in Asia, will be the future of the world's most populous country of the two relative position, has a very important long-term impact. The competition between the two countries is one of the most important competition in twenty-first Century.

"Twenty-first Century": the difference seems to be a result, not a cause. So what is the real reason for the gap?

Ding Xueliang: as far as education is concerned, it is important to have different educational objectives. From the perspective of Chinese history, the purpose of education in the past two thousand years is to unify the concept, so most of the way to be carried out. Education in India is more focused on the ability to think independently, and the culture of India itself is very diverse and sustainable. This is the cause of the significant differences in the quality of the two national students.

The second point is the most important, India's education sector is less constrained by the

bureaucracy and management, is relatively independent and diverse, there is no mandatory one size fits all management. We know that only "free competition" way, will get better learning effect.

The third point is their English background. India better schools are teaching in English (it does not exclude their mother tongue in their daily lives and work in the fundamental position). English is the de facto international Mandarin; if each language is a repository, then in English to store information of the "library" is undoubtedly largest and most sources, so Indian student contact information is than students in China's broader more diverse and more high-quality. A variety of language skills so that they can have more wide starting line. An important factor in common English ability is Indians are successful in other fields -- because of the advantage of language so that they are more familiar with the western political system, legal system, social structure and so on, and these just is Entrepreneurship and enter the mainstream Western society is the most important factor. From this point of view, they are more likely to be in harmony with the western society than the Chinese.

For China's education, there are plans to catch up with the world trend through reform, the most important is to make educational institutions, educational methods, educational institutions and diversified sources. China every year there are a large number of students abroad to return home, they come in contact with more international, more diverse education and classroom culture, classroom culture to let China within ten to fifteen years have very large positive changes, the key is to open up and let them do their practical institutional environment.

"21st century": in the last two or three years, mainly in the field of English studies, a group of scholars put forward is very important in the new version, the demonstration of India in the strength of their economic development policies and measures, from the long-term strategic perspective, the overall performance will catch up and overtake China. Can you explain what is the basis for this statement?

Ding Xueliang: a brief statement, this point of view, in the past 25 years of reform and opening up, China in attracting foreign investment (FDI), made a very good effort. Every province, every city, every area, in order to attract more FDI, are willing to do, and often take the initiative to do a lot of things in other countries is difficult to implement. At the same time, the laws of the people's Republic of China, especially in the actual policy at all levels of government, in the country, especially the innovation of private entrepreneurs (Entrepreneurship) -- Innovation in organization, system and mode of operation, and so on, given the environment and micro environment, but for a long time and obviously inferior to China given the environment of FDI to display their skill. Therefore, over the past 25 years, the development of China's economy, the growth of the moving source, including China's competitiveness in the international market, China in the manufacturing industry and in the production technology progress, the vast majority does not by China's own companies to innovate out, but from the foreign enterprises, mainly foreign monks in reading the classics.

So, what does this mean? The implication is that China's current economic and industrial

innovation mechanism is not part of our China itself.

In contrast, India during the past years of reform, in attracting FDI, although less than China, but Indian culture and promote their private entrepreneurs' Innovation -- in terms of incentive policies, financial support and institutional development and so on -- far better than China. Therefore, in the past these years, India emerging out of the outstanding enterprise, for the most part, not from foreign companies, but from native to India, is their own entrepreneurs and technical personnel of innovation in creating the power source of the Indian economy.

In other words, whether it is from the international strategy or from the perspective of economic security, the environment in the event of the dramatic changes in the unpredictable, for example between the flow of financial capital, the market greatly fluctuation, from country to country conflicts and even wars, then India on indigenous innovation mechanism of entrepreneurs, will give a more solid and more reliable support their country's economic security, security strategy and their enterprise transnational expansion.

For China, the very lack of legal, financial and other aspects of the Chinese mainland entrepreneurs to give a good innovative environment. The most important is to form such a stable and good system, otherwise it will only induce people to more to intimidate the way business enterprises.

The study also pointed out that the comparison between China and India, it is in China, you can see the different results of this policy bias - Zhejiang and Jiangsu just can be used as a comparison. Jiangsu before the foundation is relatively good, the introduction of foreign investment is also a lot; but after 25 years of reform, because Zhejiang has a more favorable environment for private enterprises, the economic situation and development prospects of the two provinces are different.

"Twenty-first Century": this "India in the long-term development will be more than China," the argument, whether it is related to the two countries in the process of deep institutional change?

Ding Xueliang: in fact, I would like to discuss the next third points, is about the India has a comparative advantage in the evolution of the system (evolving perspec institutionalTives). From the beginning of Gandhi, India's economy is a socialist, not the same as the former Soviet Union, more in favor of the kind of parliamentary socialism like europe. Their government in the past to the economic intervention is not small, but unlike some countries, has simply eliminated the market, the government does not work to penetrate into all aspects of society. For more than ten years, India has been more and more away from the "big government" management model. Therefore, although India's democratic system to allow their government to change frequently, but the government's short-lived and did not affect the relative autonomy of the national economy, the operation of the wheel. Like Italy and other western countries, too, frequent change of the cabinet have little influence on the national macroeconomic, because of the regular election system, relatively mature civil society, a relatively independent legal system.

Over the past 25 years, China's reform has not made much progress in several aspects, such as the reform of the administrative system and the legal system, relatively limited results. Reform in these areas is the most difficult part of the reform of the industry, the determination of the most difficult to tackle the hardest, after the determination is not easy to implement.

We compare look at India, the administrative system of the level of development, including the interactive relations between the government and the voters, the division of authority of the federal government and the local government, the professionalization of civil servant system, the government and civil society relations, legal system of Jackie Chan and supporting the legal process of relatively independent, and so on, are among the best in the developing world.

Of course, India in this regard is not without problems, but in the above aspects than we China started early, the relationship was smooth, the future of the road is much flatter. Compared to our China, the difficulty of their reform is obviously much smaller, the problem is much less.

Today, we have to think about it, for the long-term sustainable development of China constitutes a basic obstacle to what is the link? One is the orientation and quality of the administrative system and the legal system. The second is the policy measures and the legal environment for their private entrepreneurs to encourage and support innovation is extremely lacking; and this is related to China's financial institutions to local innovation in financial support. Followed by Chinese universities and research institutions to create the quality and ability of research are not enough; University of China, both comprehensive university or college, in training with the globalization trend of integration and cooperation of students' quality and ability, compared with India's University, poor, by a large margin.

In the aspects of our Chinese people have to tackle the, strategy and tactics need courage and sustainable innovation ability, than in the past 25 years reform in the aspect of hardware, pay to much higher, more difficult. And in these areas, India, on the whole, than we China's level to be significantly better.

"21st century": China road is more like before the Asian Four Dragons of the industry model, although it is now at a low cost to attract foreign investment into, but when the time to achieve the transfer of manufacturing industry, China will also have to gradually go out of the low level of competition situation, has been playing "hardware base" development good "software". From the historical point of view, Japan is so used, "so is the shoes for chip" China Taiwan. Can it be said that China and India are going to take the two models, each of which is different? Japan's Kenichi Ohmae once said that the current China is in addition to the United States, the first to achieve the network structure of the community, both full competition, and mutual dependence. He believes that such an economic society is the most efficient. What do you think?

Ding Xueliang: from the current development of the two countries, China can be said to be the leading hardware, while India is the software leader. In the long run, the development of the "software" big country will be more stamina, because the "hardware" is from the "software". The "software" here includes not only technology, but also a broad sense of the system, including

culture.

For China to take a path through the four little dragons in Asia, must pay attention to is, something like a high-tech innovation and other countries is will not take the initiative to you, you must yourself to "stealing fire", more important is "stolen" to "fire" to open up and let it spread in the local institutional environment, otherwise the fire quickly destroyed. And this is back to the topic we discussed earlier, that is, China is currently in various aspects of innovative environment is not broad. We must understand that the broad sense of "software" innovation is the source of technological innovation in other areas. The large number of students sent to advanced countries, let this batch of learn advanced the concept of the people back home about new words and teaching book, to do new things and create a new, it is highly profitable policy. Taiwan, South Korea and Hongkong are doing, is a new industry in their new strengths. So China has to do so, so that these people go back to the country to take root. Otherwise you will always have to stay at the end of the industry value chain, picking up something else to eat.

From the perspective of the formation of the relationship between the state and society in history, I think Kenichi Ohmae's view is not exact. China has not yet reached the real "Networking" economic structure, that structure characteristics of the system is small and efficient administration, the relatively independent legal system, the diversification of educational architecture and fecund civil society. That's the long range goal for all of us.

(Dr. Ding Xueliang, PhD, Hong Kong University Science & Technology, Department of Social Sciences, Harvard University)

Reporters witnessed: the road to India's bustling and dilapidated

During an interview in India, often hear people quoted senior India heroic utterance. "If the 20th century belongs to the west, then the 21st century will belong to India," said Deputy Prime Minister of India Advaita Nepal l k Advani. He further explained, said: "in short, our goal is to become a developed country like the Singapore, and the long-term goal is to be on a par with the United States."

India Prime Minister Vajpayee at the beginning of the second session of the "overseas Indians conference" on the opening of the words, said: "a shining light of India is moving towards the world stage."

Goldman Sachs predicts that India will become the third economic power in the world after the United States and China in 2040. Pant, deputy director of the India Development Commission, said in January this year, more said, India will be 20 years ahead of time, that is, in 2020 to reach this goal. And I hear more about the development of India's capital, Delhi, into a world-class city ".

Behind these brave words, I have seen the various "world-class city" touch not the picture above, 10 million people in India, 28.6% of people live a day less than $1 a life of poverty; every 10

babies born, 6.7 don't live to 10 years; Delhi as first, 2005 metro network, pessimistic people expected India to become a developed country, to 150 years.

These anti - theories have been bothering me, and this time in my mind, Tagore is in the "flying bird" in the poem: "when we are great in humility, we are the most close to the great time. . we come nearest to the great when we are great in ---- "

Arrived in the Indian capital of Delhi, the first impression from the so-called international airport from the "world city" is too far, passengers to arrive at the airport, didn't formal rental station can sit, but must first to the designated airport counter prepaid fare, had been arranged for a taxi. The counter charge enough outrageous, first said to 1300 rupees, bargaining unexpectedly can bargain to 8.9 rupees to clinch a deal. I took a taxi to the airport when I left Delhi, just 300 rupees, I really do not understand why the airport franchise counter charges three times.

I am in Delhi met another joke, local earlier this month held jointly organized by the Indian defense ministry and the Confederation of Indian industry CII Asia's largest defense Expo Defexpo. In an interview with reporters on the leaflet, the General Assembly will provide the news center, and has a world-classEquipment available for use.

Filled me with joy to news center to email and send pictures, was surprised to find there only four or five use dial-up Internet old computer, software is Win98, my mobile hard disk to also re installed software to use, get a half day dial-up line unexpectedly blocked, I can only return to the hotel to think of a way to. I can not think of the hotel business center computer is WIN98, I ran a few of the five Star Hotel is also the same results. I took two hours in the streets of Delhi to find a home broadband Internet access and use XP WIN Internet cafes, you can solve the transmission problem. This is what I encounter in India, known as IT.

Delhi is still far away from the world class city, but the development potential of India can not be ignored. Compared to China, India has a greater degree of internal demand to promote economic development, China's advantage in a large number of foreign direct investment and foreign trade.

We in the world it is easy to find the goods "made in China", but more than half of them are foreign direct investment enterprises in the production of goods, from the Chinese company's own production of goods is one of the few; in contrast, India is much furniture scale of local private enterprises. In recent years to enter the international, growth potential can not be underestimated.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Huang Yasheng has pointed out that if China's provinces and cities as a metaphor, China is like India, Zhejiang is like Jiangsu. The former mainly rely on a large influx of foreign direct investment, the latter rely on their own state owned enterprises and private enterprises to promote industrial output and GDP growth.

According to the India Department of trade and industry officials said, India from now until 2012, will invest $502 billion in infrastructure projects, Delhi 12 days this month was held on

infrastructure investment Infranet2004 conference, the chairman of the meeting Amrit Pandurangi the query estimation, among the India infrastructure investment, mostly funded by the government, small part by international agencies the world bank loans, the rest will be from India and foreign investment, he believes that the India government has $100 billion in foreign exchange reserves, and more than 8% of the annual economic growth, should be paid by installments of this huge cost, and because a lot of investment in infrastructure, to further stimulate the development of economy.

India's strengths include business process outsourcing BPO. Due to the cheap Indian labor, high level of English and computer operation ability strong in recent years become a multinational engineering contracting out of the city, especially in Bangalore, India's Silicon Valley, "said the, is the largest BPO Center GE Capital International, the company employs 12000 people, handle the logistics support work.

According to CLSA statistics, there are at least 29 multinational companies in India set up BPO center, employed a total of the nearly 7 million people, the talent to work for a multinational company, the part will be total company listed in a brain drain, but more will stay in India, becoming an important driving force for India to develop forward. India software and services National Chamber of Commerce (NASSCOM) is more expected, by 2009, BPO will replace the IT industry, becoming the largest industry in India to provide income and employment opportunities.

"India will overtake China" this sentence, in a few years ago is a fantasy, but today has been partially correct, in addition to the BPO Business India development than China for fast outside, the governance of the listed companies in India also commended.

CLSA, to be published this month, the latest research report, the listed companies of the two countries to make comparison among Listed Companies in India's corporate governance score is 6.6 points, Chinese companies had to 4.3 points, the largest gap between the law and regulations, India has 8 points, China had 5 points; another Indian company's return on equity of more than 20%, Chinese companies only about 15%, the Indian company's liabilities rate less than 10%, China company's liabilities rate amounted to 25%.

Maybe if we face the challenge of India, the best solution is humble, admit their weaknesses and try to improve, we should not belittle, but more to the great.