初中英语介词讲解

初中英语介词讲解
初中英语介词讲解

六、介词

一、介词一般位于名词或代词之前,在句中不单独做任何成分。介词本身有独立的含义,但意义不够完整,在句中使用时,后面必须接有宾语构成介词短语后,才能表达完整的意义。介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。

二、介词的用法:

(一)表示时间的介词的用法:

1。at, on, in

(1)at 在句中用在钟点之前。意为“在……点钟”如:at six在6点

(2)at用在固定短语中。如:

at noon在中午;at this time of year 一年这个时候

(3)on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。如:on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上;

on a cold winter night在一个寒冷的冬天的夜里;on May 20th在5月20日

(4)on用在星期前。如:on Sunday在星期日

(5)in用于年、月前面,季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。如:

in 2008 在2008年;in October在10月;in spring 在春天;

in the twentieth century 在二十世纪;in his twenties 在他二十多岁时;

in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上

2.before ,after,in

①in是以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于一般将来时态中。

eg: I will come back in three days.我三天以后回来。

②after是以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态中。

eg:She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。

③before 表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。

E.g: Check your papers carefully before you hand them in,

(二)表示地点方位介词的用法:

1.at, in

at 后跟小地方,in后跟大地点

2.in, on, to

in表示在某一范围内的某方位。on表示与某地相邻关系。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位,不属于该范围。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

Shandong lies on the east of Hebei.

China lies to the west of Japan.

(三)表示手段方式的介词的用法:

in, by, with, on表示“用”

(1)by主要指利用交通工具。即:“by +名词原形”或“行为手段by +v-ing形式”。如:

I go to school by bike every day.

He learns English by listening to cassettes.

(2)in主要指"用某种语言"或"用工具、材料"以及方式( way)等。如:

①People say it in English. ② I often write in ink / pencil.

③ He can say it in a different way.

(3)on主要表示行走或站立时所用的身体部位,或利用交通工具。即:“on +冠词/ 形容词性物主代词+ 交通工具名词”或接表示媒体的名词。此时相当于over。如:①People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand. ② He often goes to school on a bus.

注意:“on / in +冠词/ 形容词性物主代词+ 交通工具名词”这种交通方式的表达可以转换成“by +交通工具名称”。例:on a bike = by bike

如果交通工具名词为car,习惯上用in ,其他多用on。如:

He learns English on TV.

(4)with主要指某一具体的劳动工具、材料或用身体部位。如:

①They like writing with a brush.他们愿意用毛笔写字.

② We see with our eyes and hear with our ears.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听.

三、易混介词辨析:

1.Between, among

between用于表示“两者之间”;among一般表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。

He is sitting between Tom and John.

He is sitting among the students.

2.like,as

like后面接名词或人称代词的宾格形式,意为“像…一样”。as意为“作为…”

Let me speak to you like a father.

Let me speak to you as a father.

3.but, except, besides

but“除…以外”,主要用于nobody, none, nothing, nowhere等词后。

We can do nothing but wait.

except “除…以外”其宾语是被排除在整体之外的部分。

We went to zoo except Tom.

Besides“包括…在内,除…之外还…”其宾语是被包含在整体之内的部分。

Besides reading, I love watching TV.

三、用于固定短语中

1.介词的含义,介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。

中考需要掌握的11个介词:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示时间的介词

1、表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。

1.in1996 / in 2002 / in 1847(年份)in October / in February / in March (月份)in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上

in those days 在当时/ in no time 立刻/ in the daytime 在白天/ in the future 在将来/ in one minute

在1分钟内/ 最后in the end

2、表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”

at ten o’clock / at seven thirty. (表示某一钟点)at noon / at night / at midnight (在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间)at that time 在那时/ at the moment 这时、那时、此刻/ at first 首先/ at last 最后=in the end / at once 立刻、马上/ at / on (the) weekends 在

周末/ 在一年中的这个时候at this time of year / 在……开始/结束时at the beginning /end of 。

3、表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。

on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31

on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31,1977

值日on duty / 准时on time /

4、表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”+“段时间”

for two hours / for three days for hundreds of years

5、表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from … to …”

from 9 o’clock to 11 o’clock from February to April from then on从那时候起(用于一般过去时),

from now on从现在起(用于一般将来时),from time to time 时不时地

6、表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。

during the holidays / meeting during the spring

7、表示“自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。since then 从那时以后since he came here 自从他来了以后

since 7 o’clock since last Monday

8、表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till / until”

The park is open til l 5 p.m. He didn’t leave the park until 4 p.m.

I.表示时间介词的比较

The train leaves at 8 o’clock, so you’d better be there by 7:50. 火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。

1.He left Shanghai at the end of last year. 去年年底他离开了上海。(过去式)

2.By the end of last year he had finished the work. 到去年年底,他已经完成了工作。

at表示事件发生在某一时间点上;by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。

at the end of + 时间/ 地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。

by the end of + 时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。

in the end =at last最后

1.He finished the work three days ago. He said he had finished the work three days

before.

2.He will finish the work in three days. Three days later he finished the work.

three days ago表示从今天算起三天前;three days before表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前;in three days表示从今天算起的三天以后Three days later表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后;。ago,用于一般过去式;before,用于过去完成时;in用于将来时。

1. before 2 o’clock before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之前

2. after 2 o’clock the meeting lunch 1990

after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之后

由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法:after work / after school

1.after8 o’clock after breakfast after a while过了一会儿the day after

tomorrow

2. before supper before class the day before yesterday before long 不

久前

one night / this month / that summer / last year / next week / the day before yesterday / the week after next

由one / this / that / last / next 等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。

表示方位的介词

在树上 in the tree / 在同一个班 in the same class / 在北京 in Beijing

在世界上 in the world / 在河里 in the river / 在城市 in a city

在阳光下 in the sun / 在北方 in the north / in China 在中国

在第五中学 in No. 5 Middle School 在……的前部 in the front of 在……前面 in front of 在……中间/(内部)角落 in the middle /corner of

固定用法:住院 in hospital / 在露天 in the open air / 躺着看书read in bed

用英语 in English / 穿红色的 in red / 以…方式 in … way of

表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in ,或表示在…范围之内。 1. 在…的尽头 at the end of / 在大门口 at the gate / 在第二个十字路口 at the second crossing 在公共汽车站 at the bus stop / 在校读书 at school / 在家 at home at the station / airport / zoo / post office at the front door / at the cinema / supermarket / 表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选at

1. 在墙上 on the wall / 在…的另一边 on the other side of / 在左边/右边 on the left/right

2. 在左/有手边on the left/right hand side / 在火车上 on the train

4. 固定用法:访问… on a visit to … / 展览 on show

5. 在去…的路上 on the way to … on my head / nose

表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的面上、边上、线上,用on 。

比较:a hole in the floor / wall There are many apples on the tree.

There are many birds in the tree.

几组表示位置关系的介词比较

1. Japan is in the east of Asia.

2. Japan is to

the east of China.

3. Korea is on the northeast of China.

1. B is in the east of A. D is to the east of A. C is on the east of A. east west

north

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