英语专业四级新闻听力练习设计初探
英语专业四级新闻听力练习设计初探
江青兰宋小乔
（南昌大学科学技术学院，南昌330029）
摘要：本文讨论了英语专业听力教学的现状和新闻英语教学的重要性、英语新闻报道的文体特征和探讨了解决词汇和文化背景信息两大障碍的方法，设计了一些可供课堂使用的练习。
关键词：新闻英语；文体特征；听力教学；练习设计
Abstract: English news broadcast plays a significant role in the teaching of listeni ng skills to English majors. This paper discusses the stylistic features of English ne ws broadcast as well as Exercise designing
Key words:English news broadcast; stylistic features; teaching listening skills; Ex ercise designing
一、英语专业新闻教学的现状和重要性
新闻教学在学生的听力训练中具有很重要的作用。很多高校的听力教材的素材却陈旧单一,内容枯燥乏味,词汇跟不上时代的步伐。同时很多教师的课堂教学机械照搬老教材,教学内容缺乏新的教学元素，导致听力课堂缺乏生机，学生听力难以提高。高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲中明确要求“能根据所听材料进行分析，领会说话人的态度、情感、和真实意图”，“能听懂正常语速的英语广播国际新闻的主要内容”。《英语专业四级考试大纲2006》也规定“能听懂相当于VOA正常语速和BBC新闻节目的主要内容”。
学生普遍反映专业英语四级听力题中新闻类听力理解难度大。通过英语新闻教学，能传递最新的资讯，鲜活的词汇和句式，可提高学生的听力训练兴趣，同时提高专四新闻听力成绩。
二、专业四级新闻听力的特点
（一）词汇特征
1．某些简练的词汇和词缀经常出现在新闻英语文体中，因而成为新闻报道中的惯用词汇。如：back, sack, boost, ban, curb, poll, mark等。
2．新闻英语中大量出现国内外的组织、机构的名称及其缩略语，如，UN（联合国），WHO（世界卫生组织），WTO（世界贸易组织），APEC（亚太经合组织）等。
3．在援引发言和讲话内容时，会出现国内外政府部门和官职的名称以及人名。以国家元首为例，美国总统称president，德国总理称chancellor;英国首相称prime minister，又如，英联邦国家称议会为Parliament。
（二）句式特征
新闻报道文体中的句子结构相对于书面报道较为简单。多使用简明扼要的句型，如简单句。复合句中多用状语从句、宾语从句、非限定性定语从句等。少用倒装句、分词短语、名词后置修饰语如限定性定语从句等。
（三）语篇模式
新闻报道中普遍采用“倒金字塔结构”，即以重要性递减的顺序描述新闻事件。导语提炼出最主要的信息，然后对导语内容进行展开，依次列出比较次要的内容和细节。导语往往包含Who，What，When，Where，Why，How这些新闻基本要素。有时仅仅突出这些要素中最主要的信息，并不一定包含每一个要素。
三、新闻听力课堂练习的设计
（一）针对词汇的练习
英语新闻的词汇也涉及到社会生活的各个方面，如政治、经济、外交、军事、法律、科学、社会、文化等蕴涵了大量繁杂的文化信息。新闻英语听力教学可以促成学习者有效的词汇习得，词汇习得反过来促成听力技能的发展。在新闻英语听力教学中突出词汇教学是很有价值的。根据新闻词汇的特征，可以从听力材料的选取、分类，课堂活动的组织，练习的设计等方面带入词汇教学。具体建议如下：
1.分类学习
根据新闻的词汇特点可把新闻的不同内容的词汇进行分类，如政治词汇：candidate, campaign, bill, ballot.。经济词汇：collapse，currency，budget bill。军事词汇：cannon，inspection，convoy。对不同类型的词汇进行不定期听写，以增强记忆。
2.填空练习
还可选择新闻素材，选去几个词汇。要求学生边听边填空。例1：
Fans of a late rock star John Lennon, a member of the iconic British band--Beatles, to celebrate what would have been his 70th birthday. Lennon was shot and killed in 1980 outside his New York apartment. Thousands of people are marking his birthday in Central Park's Strawberry Fields, an area designated to honor the musician. A memorial to the slam rock star and peace activist is named after the Beatles' song Strawberry Fields Forever
（二）针对句式和语篇的练习
1.针对句式和语篇的理解课采取选择题的练习来引导学生有针对性地理解把握新闻细节，以提高他们的听力能力。例2：
Milwaukee Bucks forward Yi Jianlian, one of China's key players for the Beijing Olympics, suffered an apparent left knee injury here Wednesday in a National Basketball Association game. Yi had played only six minutes against the Washington Wizards before he limped off the court with assistance three minutes into the second quarter. He had no points and only one shot in six minutes of action. The latest injury comes barely four months before the Olympics, where Yi and NBA superstar center Yao Ming will be counted upon to lead China's quest for a top-seven finish that would be the nation's best in global competition.
可设计如下选择练习：
（1）. Yi Jianlian suffered a left knee injury when he was in the game against
A.China.
B. The Washington Wizards.
C. Yao Ming.
D. Milwaukee Bucks.
（2）. Yi Jianlian had played _______ before he injured his knee.
A. only one quarter
B. six minutes
C. three minutes
D. two shots
2. 新闻题材中通常包含Who，What，When，Where，Why，How这些新闻基本要素，可以使用回答问题的方式把握新闻要素。对例1又可设计如下问题：
（1）. Whose fans are gathering in New York City this weekend?
（2）. How and when did Lennon die?
（3）. Where are people marking his birthday?
3.听写也叫“精听”，即把听到的材料逐字逐句写下来，需要学生运用各方面语言知识，如句法的，语义的、篇章结构的等等。选择合适的新闻材料来听写可考查学生综合运用新闻背景知识，语境等进行预测的能力。
4. 复述复述并非指的是逐字逐句地去记忆或背诵，而是指用自己的话概括出新闻材料的主题，可训练学生的记忆，理解新闻的能力，还可考查学生对新闻背景知识了解的程度。
综上所述，新闻听力的训练可采取的方法有很多，教师可根据学生水平，选择几种来进行。为了增强对某一新闻背景的了解还可针对同一篇新闻，有层次地递进式地用几种练习来加强；或者同一新闻背景，听不同的新闻来源，如BBC，VOA等。每次课堂教学把30分钟左右的时间用于新闻教学，日积月累，学生对新闻类听力理解定能有很大的改善。
参考文献：
［1］武尊民. 英语测试的理论与实践. 外语教学与研究出版社，2002.12
［2］王厚平.2009英语专业4级考试新闻听力突破. 山东科学技术出版社，2008.7
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到题点而不能做出正确的选择。此外，学生的新闻听力技能还受到语言环境、文化习俗、心理素质和逻辑思维等多种因素的影响。针对这一现状，笔者提出了英语专业四级听力新闻部分应试策略。三、应试策略 根据历年真题的特点，新闻部分的题型一般有以下几类：直接题、大意题、判断题、推理题和常识题。下面笔者就这几类题型的特点提出相应的应试策略。 1.合并法 合并法指在听前找到题目中的关键词或者短语以增加对问题的敏感度，听中找到题目的题点，之后采用问题和答案合并法（即问题与答案出现在同一个句子中）得出答案。这种策略适用于直接题。如2008年21题： what happened during the new year celebration in thailand? a.terrorists fought with government troops. b.thai troops killed terrorists. c.there were shootings. d.there were explosions. 分析：先找出题目中的关键词new year celebration和thailand，再找出包含题目及答案的句子the new year celebrations in thailand were shattered by violence when 9 bombs exploded across bangkok around midnight.找出对应答案为d。
英语四级改革听力样题及解析全(2020年九月整理).doc
关于全国大学英语四、六级考试听力试题调整的说明 为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自2016年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题 作局部调整。调整的相关内容说明如下。 一、四级听力试题的调整 1.取消短对话 2.取消短文听写 3.新增短篇新闻（3段） 其余测试内容不变。调整后四级听力部分的试题结构见下表： 测试内容测试题型题量分值比例 短篇新闻3段选择题（单选）7题7%（每题1分） 长对话2篇选择题（单选）8题8%（每题1分） 听力篇章3篇选择题（单选）10题20%（每题2分） 二、六级听力试题的调整 1.取消短对话 2.取消短文听写 3.听力篇章调整为2篇（原3篇） 4.新增讲座/讲话（3篇） 其他测试内容不变。调整后六级听力部分的试题结构见下表： 测试内容测试题型题量分值比例 长对话2篇选择题（单选）8题8%（每题1分） 听力篇章2篇选择题（单选）7题7%（每题1分） 讲座/讲话3篇选择题（单选）10题20%（每题2分） 三、样题 大学英语四级考试听力样题 Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions:...... Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels. B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala. D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital. 2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check. B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores. B) It is known for the quality of its goods. C) It remains competitive in the recession. D) It will expand its online retail business. 4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries. B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees. C) Cut its DVD publishing business. D) Sell the business for one pound. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A) All taxis began to use meters. B) All taxis got air conditioning. C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis. D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs. 6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’complaints. B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising. 7. A) There are no more irregular practices. B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning. C) New cabs are all equipped with meters. D) New legislation protects consumer rights. Section B Directions: ...... Conversation One Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) It has a partnership with LCP. C) It specializes in safety from leaks. B) It is headquartered in London. D) It has a chemical processing plant.
大学英语四级考试新闻听力样题及原文
大学英语四级考试新闻听力样题及原文 Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels. B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala. D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital. 2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check. B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores. B) It is known for the quality of its goods. C) It remains competitive in the recession. D) It will expand its online retail business. 4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries. B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees. C) Cut its DVD publishing business. D) Sell the business for one pound. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A) All taxis began to use meters. B) All taxis got air conditioning. C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis. D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs. 6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’ complaints. B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising.