海外留学英语写作测试中的小词大用
海外留学英语写作测试中的小词大用
朗阁托福考试研究中心
做海外留学英语写作测试教学那么多年，几乎每次课堂中，只要问到学生关于对写作的感受，基本上都会听到差不多的答案，那就是语法和词汇的问题；也就是说大多数学生都认为只要词汇用的高级、有难度，就一定能够得到很高的分数。其实，这只是一个误区，而这个误区在一定程度上也是由于现在国内的教育状况造成的，当学生们已经习惯了这样的考试模式的时候想要进行改变那是比较难的。其实海外留学考试与国内的四六级考试还是有所区别的，在很多高分甚至是满分的作文中，我们都会发现整篇文章都没有一个生词，所以，问题的关键应该是在于如何灵活地运用这些我们非常熟悉的小词，如何让它们在作文中发挥大作用。在下文中，朗阁托福考试研究中心将给大家列举一些在雅思和托福写作中可以用得很精彩的小词以及它们的具体运用。
1.社会生活类
Skip: The poor tend to smoke more and skip breakfast, two factors which have major stress effects on the body.
Better of: People of the lower end of the social economic status have stress levels in their bodies that worth 3 times higher than those who are better off.
Reputation: Contrary to fears about the violent reputation of some games, there is no firm proof that playing them has a negative impact on children's behavior.
Contribution: Video games have a positive contribution for education.
Tough: The findings are likely to surprise supporters of tougher
regulation of computer games.
Midlife review: People need opportunities to make a "midlife review" to adjust to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition to retirement.
Update: Others can do voluntary work more effectively if they can update their skills and knowledge.
2.科技、媒体类
Access: Innovative technology has transformed how we access and share information, changed the way businesses and institutions operate, and made the world smaller by giving us instant access to people and resources everywhere.
Farewell: Farewell to the out-of-date guidebook and the grubby newspaper.
-like: A paper-like device that can store hundreds of novels, update the news while you browse the headlines.
Screen: Young people today enjoy more and more digital connections, more screen time than ever before.
Come a long way: Trains have come a long way from their grim beginnings.
Driving: New technological products will be the driving force to make work and life easier and entertaining.
3.教育类
Struggle: It’s even a struggle to keep up with the minimum requirement of two hours sport a week.
Fare: Graduates fared better when they came to filling out job applications and reading newspapers.
Advance: The survey shows that more women and minorities are looking to advance their careers with an advanced degree.
Pick up: More people are willing to attend school during a slowdown and hope things will pick up after graduation.
Pretend: As children play pretend, they try to explore the relationship between family members, friends, and learn more about how people interact.
Sharpen: Universities should not only be a place where students learn academic knowledge, but provide courses to sharpen their competitiveness.
类似上面这样的小词，在作文中的使用是非常频繁的，换句话说，构成一篇文章，在词汇的运用上，主要还是靠这些小词起大作用。小词汇，往往给人以更加自然、流畅的感觉，不会因为某个高级词的错误使用反而让这句话变得很突兀。所以，朗阁托福考试研究中心建议要准备雅思或托福考试的同学应该要转变一下传统的单词积累方式，不要一味地从字典A开始背诵到Z, 因为大部分单词都很少会出现在写作中。同国内考试不同，雅思和托福的写作并不是希望看到多么华丽的词汇，而是一篇语言表达自然、流畅的文章。
下面我们就来用一个实际的例子来进行说明：
这道题目是比较简单的，可以说是各位考生非常熟悉的话题。但是，在议论文写作中，越简单的题目往往越不好写，因为考生恐怕并没有很多话可以将文章有序的展开。其次，在观点的选择上，这里建议考生同意。虽然雅思大作文的观点，考生同意或者不同意都可以，但是如果写不同意的话，难度较大，恐怕论证起来考生会感到比较吃力。最后，这个题目有两个重点：除了smoking之外，还有public places, 考生不应该只把重点放在吸烟问题上，同时也应该谈论到在公共场所吸烟的问题。
Some people think smoking should be banned in public places. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011.08.13)
Pros: (agree)
?首先，在公共场所吸烟不仅会对吸烟者自己的健康造成伤害，而且还会对别人的健康造成巨大的威胁。吸烟对身体造成的危害不言而喻：目前已有证据证明吸烟会直接导致众多疾病，比如说长时间吸烟会导致肺癌。每年有数以百万的人因为肺癌而死去，其中有一大部分就是因为吸烟所引起的。而且，这个数字还有进一步增长的趋势。其次，吸烟还会导致很多其他与心脏相关的疾病出现，比如说高血压，心脏病，心脑血管疾病等等，这些都会对人们的健康造成巨大的伤害。如果说吸烟是个人选择和自由的话，那还可以理解和接受。但是，在公共场所吸烟，不仅危害到了自己的健康，而且也同时严重的伤害到了别人的健康。很多人非常注重自己的健康，不吸烟，不喝酒，注意饮食，但是因为被动的在公共场所吸烟反而受到了各种各样的伤害。更糟糕的是，有分析显示，二手烟的伤害比一手烟更加严重。当一个人的行为影响到别人的时候，这种行为自然而然就应该被禁止，公共场所吸烟就是如此。
?其次，公共场所吸烟会造成很多潜在的安全环境隐患。首先，在一些绿化非常好的城市或森林地带，很多人吸完烟后便直接将烟头乱扔到地上。如果烟头没有完全熄灭，碰到了草或者是树叶，极有可能引起大面积的燃烧。一旦发生火灾，后果是不堪设想的，有可能是大面积的公共设施被破坏和烧毁。在一些极端情况下，甚至可能会出现大面积的人员伤亡。其实，这样的报道在各个媒体上屡见不鲜。在室内公共场所吸烟，尤其是空
间比较狭小的地方，如果通风不畅，还有可能导致窒息。在一些加油站附近或者是鞭炮销售场所，吸烟也有可能引起火灾等。
Cons:
在公共场所吸烟固然不对，但是全面禁止显然并不合理。首先，在一些场所，比如说酒吧，其实顾客来到这些地方消费的主要目的就是消遣，娱乐，吸烟是这种消遣活动的主要内容。如果禁止吸烟的话，那么顾客就不会光顾这些场所，对这个行业造成了巨大的冲击。其次，在一些开阔的地方，比如说街道，吸烟并不太可能影响到别人。而且，现在很多国家和城市都设立了公共烟缸，抽烟的人可以把烟扔到垃圾箱里，这样一来，既环保又同时大大的减少了烟头可能造成的安全隐患。
Expressions:
1.Second-hand smoke 二手烟
2.Code of conduct/ethics 行为准则
3.Moral standard and moral values 道德标准和价值观
4.Cause a great deal of harm 引起了巨大的伤害
5.the ever-changing society 不断变化的社会
6.Abide by/obey/comply with laws and regulations 遵纪守法
7.Exclusively 独家，纯粹的
8. A particular field of endeavor 某一领域
9.People are under increasing pressure 人们的压力越来越大
10.In particular/particularly/especially 特别是
11.Lung cancer 癌症
12.Boost public awareness of healthy living 提高公众的健康生活意识
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c010962731.html,ck of legal awareness 缺乏法律意识
14.Be entirely ignorant of something 对某方面东西不了解，无知
15.Heart diseases 心脏病
16.Inculcate moral values in students 向学生灌输道德价值
17.Set a good example 树立一个良好的榜样
18.Run contrary to what education is intended 与教育最起初的目的相违背
19.Pose a dire threat to society 对社会构成了严重的威胁
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c010962731.html,mit crimes 犯罪
21.Legal programs aired on TV 电视上播放的法制节目
22.Raise the public awareness of something 提高公众某方面的意识
获取小词的渠道
那么，在哪里可以获取精彩的小词呢？
1.普通的在线版国外报纸
报纸是最常见的地道小词来源体，特别是报纸中Comment一栏中，更是有大量丰富的小词。
2.国外官网媒体的Blog
同国内主流媒体一样，blog也早成为一种信息、观点的发布平台。
3.国内较好的英语学习网站
这类网站中如https://www.360docs.net/doc/c010962731.html,及时更新信息，在所发布的音频文件中，都可以找到对于我们写作非常有帮助的素材。
当然，最简单的方法就是在课堂中逐步积累起自己的小词词库！
（本文来自朗阁教育托福培训教研组，供广大考生学习使用，转载请注明出处）
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考研英语万能大作文模板
-考研英语万能大作文模板-
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大作文: (1）正面(正确、积极的）：０1、０2、03、0８、10 反面（不正确的做法、消极):04、05、0６、０7、09、11 （2）一幅图还是两幅图（０4、06) (3）作文有无规定题目(仅02) (4）1st：描述图画,2ｎd:解释图画要表达的含义，３rd：严重性及采取的举措。 例如:2011环境污染；2010：一个火锅——多种文化 *2012重点预测正面 Wｈaｔthe iｍaｇe ｉs ｔrying to eｘpｒess ｉs sｙmbolic and philoｓｏphic！Feaｔureｄｉｎtｈe abｏvｅilluｓｔration aｒe ｌarge numｂｅrs of people wｈo ,sｉtｔiｎg in front oｆcｏmｐuter, aｒe placedｉn seｐarate rｏoms ．Howevｅr rｉdｉcuｌous ａnｄhumoｒｏｕs it maｙsｅｅm at ｆｉrｓt gｌimｐse, ｔhis caｒtoｏｎｄoeｓｃarｒｙraｔhｅrｓigｎｉficaｎｔimplicａtions. Evidenｔly, the cａｒtoｏｎｉsｔaims to eｎligｈteｎus thaｔwe should keｅp a balance betｗｅen interenet coｍmuｎｉcation and facｅ-to-face ．A great ｄeaｌｏｆaｔtention is beｉng paid toｄａy to internet . Indｅed ，it has lon ｇbeｅｎknow that uｓinｇtｈe internet ｉn a prｏpｅrｗay shouｌd be gｒｅat eｍｐｈasｉzｅｄ，if we waｎt ｔo coｎsｔruct ａhaｒｍonioｕs ｗorｄ．ｔo our dｉｓａpｐointmeｎt ，howevｅr ,witｈaｎever-develoｐiｎg ｏf sciｅnce ａnｄtecｈnoｌogy ,pｅoｐlｅin mounｔing nuｍberｓｔenｄto ｎeglｅcｔｔhｅｓeriousneｓs oｆｔhｉｓproblem ．hence peopｌｅ’s emotionａl ｄｉstaｎcｅin ｂecｏmiｎｇｌarｇeｒanｄlａｒgｅr. keeｐiｎg a baｌａncｅbｅtｗeen iｎterｎet cｏmｍｕｎiｃaｔion aｎｄfacｅ－t ｏ－face ,tｏmy miｎd , ｉs not simply good ｆorｉndiｖiduａls,ｂｕt ａlsｏbｅnｅfｉｃial ｔｏｔhe whｏleｓｏcieｔy ．Hence ａｗｉdｅspｒead ｅｄuc ａtｉon ｃａｍpａｉgｎｓhould be launｃhed soａs tｏenhaｎce ｐeopｌe’s awarｅneｓｓof the iｍｐortanｃe of using interｎｅt in a proｐer wａy .Ｏnlｙbｙｃoｎcerted efｆorts,ｃaｎｗｅembrace a hａppy , ｈeaｌthｙand harｍonious wｏrｌd ，aｓwe ａｌｌwisｈ，iｎthｅlｏnｇrｕn！ 一种事物或现象（正面意义倾向）(第一段黄色为：is a hｏt poｔ，whiｃh is a symbｏl of the ｗoｒlｄ.二三段的中心词换为：culｔural ｃoｍmｕnｉcatｉoｎ） 翻译;什么样的形象是想表达的是象征性的哲学!精选在上图中大量的人，坐在电脑前，被放置在单独的房间。然而荒谬和幽默似乎在第一次看到,这幅漫画进行而显着的影响。 显然,漫画家的目的是告诉我们，我们应该保持网络通信和面对面之间的平衡。很多人注意到今天的互联网。事实上，它早已知道，适当的方式使用互联网应该是伟大的强调，要建设一个和谐的世界。使我们失望的是,然而,随着科学技术的不断发展，越来越多的人往往忽略了这个问题的严重性。因此，人的情感的距离越来越大。
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全国大学生英语竞赛写作范文
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Our requirements are the following: there are 20 to 30 people to attend the party and we want to start it at 9 pm; some cold drinks are preferred and we need a place to dance. Is it possible for us to hold our party on the boat? Moreover, could you tell me how many people the boat can hold? What about the transportation to the river? Is it convenient? How about the food and the music? In addition, do we have to prepare for them by ourselves? Above all, how much does your party cost? Do you think it is worthwhile to hold the party on the boat? What are your opinions? Your opinions and comments will be of great value to our coming party. We are looking forward to your reply. Best wishes to you! Yours sincerely George Sample 2 Directions: Write on the topic given below in no less than 150 words on the answer sheet. In your essay, you should first outline your ideas, and then given examples.
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【自考英语答案】英语写作试题
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