卡塔尔注册公司事宜

Qatar商业形式和结构

公司法第11号1986年承认五类企业协会可成立及注册在卡塔尔。这些国家是：（1）一般的伙伴关系;（2）有限责任合伙;（3）有限责任合伙股份;（4）有限责任公司;和（5）股份公司。

最近，卡塔尔政府开始审查一项立法建议有关商业法，允许外国人，包括个人和实体，持有百分之五十以上的股权，卡塔尔的合资企业的伙伴关系与当地合作伙伴。目前，由于一节中所讨论的外国投资，外国投资者不得持有超过百分之四十九的当地实体。这项立法倡议的目的是进一步的目标，私有化，鼓励外国投资和发展中小型工业。

公司法

有限责任公司

一个有限责任公司必须有2至30名。其最低注册资本不得低于的QR 200000。资本分成股份不得少于1000年的QR每个。公司章程必须提供详细的公司的商标名称，成员，办公室负责人，物体，资本金额，数量和类别的股份，股份转让的条件，该公司的持续时间，管理人员和方法的利润分配和亏损。如果成员的数目超过10，控制安理会至少三名成员必须任命。核数师必须任命如果资本高于二维500000。该公司必须保持注册的成员。成员应承担的责任仅限于面值的股票，其注册资本。公司管理层是委托一个或多个主管谁可以或不可以成员。他们的权力是由公司章程作为受到法律限制。赔偿责任的管理人员是由同样的规则确定赔偿责任的董事在一家合股公司。

联合股份公司

合股公司是由至少五位委员组成。最低资本需要的是快速反应500000和200000的QR在私人联合股份公司。资本分为平等名义股份不少于的QR100和不超过的QR1000。建立一个联合股份公司要求起草了一份谅解备忘录和条款的协会将提交给部长经济和贸易，签署了至少5名创始人。纳入须经授权的法令，它必须将刊登在官方公报。创办人必须出示该公司控制部，该部的经济和商业银行证书证明认购至少百分之十的资本，但不超过百分之二十时之前，任何邀请公众认购。该公司的文件，必须详细说明该公司的商标名称，负责人办公室，

物体的细节成员，资本金额，数量和类别的股份，期限和评估建立费用。该公司必须委任至少有一名审计员。赔偿责任的成员仅限于面值的股份，注册资本。

公司管理层是委托给一个董事会，其10时55分导演，每个任期为三年。委员会的主席代表该公司对？对第三方进行交易，并可能对他们的代表。主席是负责执行董事会决议。委员会的授权，所限制的条款协会和法律的实施。董事责任公司，股东和第三方的任何欺诈，滥用权力，不遵守公司章程和法律，任何管理不善。非卡塔尔人可以拥有的股票在这样的公司只在某些情况下，正如下文所讨论的一节中的外国投资。

伙伴关系

一般的伙伴关系

一般的伙伴关系是一个协会的两个或两个以上的人，经营业务根据具体名称。一般合伙协议必须指定合作伙伴的商标名称，负责人办公室，设置对象，详细的合作伙伴，经理姓名，资本数额，每个合伙人的份额和方法的利润分配和亏损。合作伙伴共同及单独承担责任的义务的伙伴关系，以最大限度的他们的资产。管理部门的伙伴关系所确定的合作伙伴协议，并交给的合作伙伴，除非管理专门委托一个或多个指定的管理人员协议提交商业电阻。

Limited Partnerships有限合伙

A limited partnership is comprised of two types of partners.有限合伙是由两种类型的合作伙伴。The general partners handle the management of the business,and the limited partners contribute to the capital of the partnership.普通合伙处理的管理部门，以及有限合伙有助于资本的合作伙伴关系。A limited partnership agreement must comply with the requirements of a general partnership agreement.有限合伙协议必须符合一般的伙伴关系协议。Additionally,it must indicate who are the general partners and who are the limited partners.此外，它还必须说明谁是一般的合作伙伴和谁是有限的合作伙伴。The general partners are jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the partnership to the full extent of their assets.普通合伙承担连带责任的义务的伙伴关系，以最大限度的他们的资产。The limited partners'liability is confined to the amount of their capital

contribution,provided they do not participate in the management of the partnership or allow their names to be used in the partnership's trade name.有限合伙人的责任限于其资本额的贡献，只要他们没有参与管理的伙伴关系，或允许他们的名字被用来在伙伴关系的商标名称。The management of the partnership is determined by the partnership agreement and devolves on the partners,unless management is specifically entrusted to one or more designated managers by an agreement filed with the Commercial Resister.管理方面的伙伴关系所确定的合作伙伴协议，并交给的合作伙伴，除非管理专门委托一个或多个指定的管理人员的一项协议提交给商业电阻。

Limited Partnerships with Shares有限合伙股份

In a limited partnership with shares,the number of limited partners may not exceed ten and the number of general partners may not be lower than three.在有限的伙伴关系的股票，数量有限合伙不得超过10个的数量一般合伙人不得低于三年。The capital of a limited partnership with shares is divided into equal negotiable nominal shares and cannot be less than QR 200,000.资本的有限合伙公司的股票分为流通名义平等股和不能低于的QR 200000。A limited partnership with shares'agreement must comply with the requirements of a general partnership agreement.有限合伙与股票的协议必须符合一般的伙伴关系协议。In addition,it must provide details as to the control council composed of at least three members and must appoint an auditor if the capital exceeds QR500,000.The management of the partnership is determined by the partnership agreement and devolves on the partners,unless management is specifically entrusted to one or more designated managers by an agreement filed with the Commercial Resister.此外，还必须提供详细的控制组成的安理会至少三名成员，必须委任一名核数师的资本，如果超过的QR500000。管理部门的伙伴关系所确定的合作伙伴协议，并交给的合作伙伴，除非管理特别是委托一个或多个指定的管理人员的一项协议提交给商业电阻。

Emiri Decrees埃米尔法令

While the Law Regulating the Investment of Non-Qatari Capital specifically denies the right of non-Qataris to engage in commercial agencies and import businesses(see section on Commercial Agency), investment by non-Qataris in any project and field which aims at enhancing economic development in the countries,or to facilitate public services, or to realize a public benefit,may be made under an Emiri Decree.虽然法律规范的投资非卡塔尔首都特别否认的权利，非卡塔尔人从事商业机构和进口业务（见部分商业机构），投资由非卡塔尔人在任何项目和领域，其目的是加强经济发展中的国家，或以促进公共服务，或为实现公共利益，可根据埃米尔法令。Such Emiri Decrees may also allow non-Qataris to import materials and equipment required for such projects if unavailable locally. Applications supported by documents for issuing Emiri Decrees are made to the Minister of Finance,Economy and Commerce.这种埃米尔法令也可允许非卡塔尔人进口材料和设备的要求为这些项目如果没有当地。应用支持文件签发埃米尔法令作出的财政部长，经济和商业。If the application is approved, the Emiri Decree will be issued within sixty days.如果申请获得批准，埃米尔法令将在60天内。

Dissolution of Business Associations解散企业协会

The business associations discussed above may be dissolved upon the occurrence of any of the following:(1)expiration of the entity's term;

(2)accomplishment of the entity's stated objectives;(3)adoption of a resolution of the entity's members to dissolve the entity;or(4)issuance of a court judgment of dissolution.该企业协会讨论上述可能被解散后，发生下列任何一种：（1）到期实体的任期;（2）完成该实体的既定目标;（3）通过一项决议，该实体的成员解散实体;或（4）发放法院判决解散。

There are several specific grounds for dissolution of partnerships, which include:(1)the incapacity or bankruptcy of a general partner;and (2)a substantial loss of the partnership's capital.有几个具体的理由解散的伙伴关系，其中包括：（1）无行为能力或破产的普通合伙人;及（2）出现巨额亏损的合作伙伴关系的资本。In addition,there are specific

grounds for the dissolution of limited liability companies and joint stock companies.此外，还有具体的理由解散有限责任公司和股份制公司。

A limited liability company may be dissolved upon the recommendation of its managers,or of its members representing at least75percent of the limited liability company's capital,made in the event the limited liability company lost at least half of its capital.一个有限责任公司可能被解散的建议下，其管理人员，或其成员，代表至少百分之七十五的有限责任公司的资本，在事件的有限责任公司的损失至少一半的资金。In the event more than75percent of the company's capital is lost,the recommendation of the company's members only requires a majority of25percent to pass.如果在七成半以上的公司的资本损失，建议该公司的成员只需要百分之二十五多数通过。Additionally,if the company's capital falls below QR200,000, any one shareholder may obtain dissolution of the company.此外，如果公司的资本低于二维200000，任何一个股东可以得到公司的解散。

In a joint stock company,in the event the company losses at least50 percent of its capital,the board of directors is required to call for a general meeting of the shareholders that would vote to dissolve the company,to decrease the company's share capital or to take any other action deemed necessary.在一家合股公司，如果该公司的损失至少有百分之五十的资本，董事会必须要求的一般性会议的股东将投票解散的公司，以减少公司资本中的股份或采取任何其他认为必要的行动。If the board of directors fails to call for such a general meeting,any member of the company is entitled to petition the courts to issue a dissolution order for the company.如果董事会没有要求这样的大会上，公司的任何成员都有权请求法院发出命令解散该公司。

Commercial Agency商业机构

The Law4/1986Concerning the Regulation of Activities of Local Commercial Agencies and their Foreign Principals includes Guidelines for Execution,which were re-issued unamended in1994by the Ministry of Finance,Economy and Commerce.该法一千九百八十六分之四关于调控当地商业

活动的机构及其外交校长包括准则执行，这是重新发布修正1994年由财政部，经济和商业。This law provides that the commercial agent is permitted to distribute and sell the goods or to provide certain services in return for profit commission.这项法律规定，允许商业代理发行和销售货物或提供某些服务，以换取利润委员会。The principal has no right to be supported by more than one agent for the same commercial business included in the agency.主要无权得到一个以上的代理商，同时商业列入机构。An agent is not allowed to practice the commercial agency on behalf of a principal who has another agent in the same area running the same https://www.360docs.net/doc/c111210020.html,pensation for any damage that may be caused by isolation or termination in critical time without a justified reason is compulsory.代理人不得实践商业机构代表的一个主要谁还有另一个代理人在同一地区经营相同的业务。补偿的任何损害的原因可能是孤立或终止在关键时刻没有正当理由是强制性的。An unlimited contract may not be terminated by any of the chartered parties,unless one of them commits a malpractice justifying termination.无限合同不得终止任何特许缔约方，除非其中一个犯有渎职理由终止。All commercial agency relationships must be registered,and the principal may withdraw at the end of a fixed period upon the execution of a new termination agreement or with the Ministry's approval.所有商业机构的关系必须注册，并可以撤销的主要结束时，在固定期限的执行一个新的终止协议或与该部的批准

Business Forms and Structures

General

The Companies Law No.11of1986recognizes five types of business associations that may be formed and registered in Qatar.These are:(1)General Partnerships;(2) Limited Partnerships;(3)Limited Partnerships with Shares;(4)Limited Liability Companies;and(5)Joint Stock Companies.

Recently,the Qatari government began reviewing a legislative proposal concerning commercial law that would allow foreigners,both individuals and entities, to hold more than50percent of the equity of a Qatari joint venture in partnership with local partners.Currently,as discussed in the section on Foreign Investment,foreign

investors are barred from holding more than49percent of a local entity.This legislative initiative is intended to further the goals of privatization,encouraging foreign investment and developing small sized industries.

Companies Law

Limited Liability Companies

A limited liability company must have between two and thirty members.Its minimum capital cannot be less than QR200,000.The capital is divided into shares of not less than QR1,000each.The articles of association must provide details of the company's trade name,members,head office,objects,capital amount,number and classes of shares,transfer of shares conditions,the company's duration,managers,and methods of distribution of profits and losses.If the number of members exceeds ten,a control council of at least three members must be appointed.An auditor must be appointed if the capital is higher than QR500,000.The company must keep a register of members.The liability of members is restricted to the nominal value of their shares in the registered capital.The management of the company is entrusted to one or more managers who may or may not be members.Their authority is determined by the articles of association as restricted by law.Liability of managers is governed by the same rules determining liability of directors in a joint stock company.

Joint Stock Companies

A joint stock company is comprised of at least five members.The minimum capital required is QR500,000,and QR200,000in a private joint stock company.The capital is divided into equal nominal shares of not less than QR100and not exceeding QR1,000.The creation of a joint stock company requires the drafting of a memorandum and articles of associations to be presented to the Minister of Economy and Commerce,signed by at least five founders.The incorporation is subject to authorization by decree,which must be published in the official gazette.Founders must produce to the Companies Control Department in the Ministry of Economic and Commerce a bank certificate proving subscription to at least10percent of the capital and not more than20percent thereof prior to any invitation to public subscription.

The corporation's documents must give details regarding the company's trade name, head office,objects,details of members,capital amount,number and classes of shares, duration and assessment of establishment expenses.The company must appoint at least one auditor.The liability of members is restricted to the nominal value of their shares in the registered capital.

The management of the company is entrusted to a board of directors comprising five to eleven directors,each appointed for a period of three years.The board's chairman represents the company vis?vis third parties and may transact business on their behalf.The chairman is responsible for the implementation of board resolutions. The authority of the board is restricted by the articles of associations and operation of law.The directors are liable to the company,the shareholders and third parties for any fraud,misuse of authority,non-compliance with the articles of association and with the law and any mismanagement.Non-Qataris may own shares in such a company only under certain circumstances,as discussed below in the section on Foreign Investment.

Partnerships

General Partnerships

A general partnership is an association of two or more persons that carry on business under a specific name.A general partnership agreement must specify the partnership's trade name,head office,set objects,details of partners,name of manager, capital amount,the share of each partner and methods of distribution of profits and losses.The partners are jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the partnership to the full extent of their assets.The management of the partnership is determined by the partnership agreement and devolves on the partners,unless management is specifically entrusted to one or more designated managers by an agreement filed with the Commercial Resister.

Limited Partnerships

A limited partnership is comprised of two types of partners.The general partners handle the management of the business,and the limited partners contribute to the

capital of the partnership.A limited partnership agreement must comply with the requirements of a general partnership agreement.Additionally,it must indicate who are the general partners and who are the limited partners.The general partners are jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the partnership to the full extent of their assets.The limited partners'liability is confined to the amount of their capital contribution,provided they do not participate in the management of the partnership or allow their names to be used in the partnership's trade name.The management of the partnership is determined by the partnership agreement and devolves on the partners, unless management is specifically entrusted to one or more designated managers by an agreement filed with the Commercial Resister.

Limited Partnerships with Shares

In a limited partnership with shares,the number of limited partners may not exceed ten and the number of general partners may not be lower than three.The capital of a limited partnership with shares is divided into equal negotiable nominal shares and cannot be less than QR200,000.A limited partnership with shares'agreement must comply with the requirements of a general partnership agreement.In addition,it must provide details as to the control council composed of at least three members and must appoint an auditor if the capital exceeds QR500,000.The management of the partnership is determined by the partnership agreement and devolves on the partners, unless management is specifically entrusted to one or more designated managers by an agreement filed with the Commercial Resister.

Emiri Decrees

While the Law Regulating the Investment of Non-Qatari Capital specifically denies the right of non-Qataris to engage in commercial agencies and import businesses(see section on Commercial Agency),investment by non-Qataris in any project and field which aims at enhancing economic development in the countries,or to facilitate public services,or to realize a public benefit,may be made under an Emiri Decree.Such Emiri Decrees may also allow non-Qataris to import materials and equipment required for such projects if unavailable locally.Applications supported by documents for issuing Emiri Decrees are made to the Minister of Finance,Economy

and Commerce.If the application is approved,the Emiri Decree will be issued within sixty days.

Dissolution of Business Associations

The business associations discussed above may be dissolved upon the occurrence of any of the following:(1)expiration of the entity's term;(2)accomplishment of the entity's stated objectives;(3)adoption of a resolution of the entity's members to dissolve the entity;or(4)issuance of a court judgment of dissolution.

There are several specific grounds for dissolution of partnerships,which include: (1)the incapacity or bankruptcy of a general partner;and(2)a substantial loss of the partnership's capital.In addition,there are specific grounds for the dissolution of limited liability companies and joint stock companies.

A limited liability company may be dissolved upon the recommendation of its managers,or of its members representing at least75percent of the limited liability company's capital,made in the event the limited liability company lost at least half of its capital.In the event more than75percent of the company's capital is lost,the recommendation of the company's members only requires a majority of25percent to pass.Additionally,if the company's capital falls below QR200,000,any one shareholder may obtain dissolution of the company.

In a joint stock company,in the event the company losses at least50percent of its capital,the board of directors is required to call for a general meeting of the shareholders that would vote to dissolve the company,to decrease the company's share capital or to take any other action deemed necessary.If the board of directors fails to call for such a general meeting,any member of the company is entitled to petition the courts to issue a dissolution order for the company.

Commercial Agency

The Law4/1986Concerning the Regulation of Activities of Local Commercial Agencies and their Foreign Principals includes Guidelines for Execution,which were re-issued unamended in1994by the Ministry of Finance,Economy and Commerce.

This law provides that the commercial agent is permitted to distribute and sell the goods or to provide certain services in return for profit commission.The principal has no right to be supported by more than one agent for the same commercial business included in the agency.An agent is not allowed to practice the commercial agency on behalf of a principal who has another agent in the same area running the same https://www.360docs.net/doc/c111210020.html,pensation for any damage that may be caused by isolation or termination in critical time without a justified reason is compulsory.An unlimited contract may not be terminated by any of the chartered parties,unless one of them commits a malpractice justifying termination.All commercial agency relationships must be registered,and the principal may withdraw at the end of a fixed period upon the execution of a new termination agreement or with the Ministry's approval