英语语言学试题1

英语语言学试题1

I. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2’×10=20’)

1.An i________ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying

something.

2.L_____ is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

3.Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around, and so they think

and speak differently: this is the well-known linguistic r_________.

4.Clear ［1］and dark［?］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same

position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c__________ distribution.

5.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items, such as “father”

and “son”, are called r________ antonyms.

6.The ways words are formed are called m_______ rules and these rules determine how morphemes

are combined together to form words.

7.The study of the linguistic meaning of word, phrase and sentence is called s_________.

8.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete

and context-dependent.

9.Sound a___________ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another. In this process,

successive sounds are made identical and similar to one another in terms of place and manner of articulation.

10.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.

Ⅱ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2’×10=20’)

1.Which of the followings is not a design feature of language? ( )

A. Arbitrariness

B. Meaningfulness

C. Duality

D. Displacement

2.The consonant /b/ in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic

features___________. ( )

A. voiceless bilabial stop

B. voiceless labiodental affricative

C. voiced bilabial stop

D. voiced labiodental affricative

3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be

A. prescriptive

B. descriptive

C. linguistic

D. analytic

4.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”. ( ) A.

A. hierarchical

B. linear

C. tree diagram

D. vertical

https://www.360docs.net/doc/cb12322580.html,ponential analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme

B. word

C. phrase

D. sentence

6.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit (promise) the speaker to

some future course of action are called _______.( )

A. commisives

B. directives

C. expressives

D. declaratives

7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies

language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.( )

A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

8.________ refers to the relationship between a more general word and a more specific one，such as

between color: red, green ,blue, white and black. ( )

A. Synomymy

B. Hyponymy

C. Polysemy

D. Homonymy

9.A_______ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people

who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. Nobody takes it as his mother tongue. ( ) A creole B diglossia C pidgin D dialect

10.________ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional,

social, gender, and age variations.

A. Ethnic dialect

B. Sociolect

C. Idiolect

D. Regional dialect

Ⅲ. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or

F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1’×15=15’)

1.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concept,

theories, descriptions, models and method applicable in any linguistic study.

2.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

3.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such

as/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.

4.The sentence that “it is hot” is no-place predication because it contains no argument.

5.A sociolect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.

6.An important distinction between traditional grammar and modern linguistics in their study of

language is that the former tend to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate “the best author”for language usage.

7.A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.

8.Judgments concerning the correctness and purity of linguistic variety are entirely linguistic.

9.When the two forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the

same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.

10.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also

the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.

11.The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussre.

12.Despite the cultural differences, there exist a greater and lesser degree of cultural overlap between

two societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and psychology of human beings.

13.Once a maxim of cooperation principles is violated, the “conversational implicature” occur.

14.The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components, that is, the

meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up the meanings of all its constituent words.

15.Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the

speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

Ⅳ. Explain three terms of the following four ones, using one or two examples for illustration. (5’×3=15’)

1.Head movement

2.Speech act theory

4. The naming theory

3.Inflectional morphemes

Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. (15’×2=30’)

1.What are the major branches which form the core of modern linguistics? And what does each of

them study?

2.Draw a tree diagram of the following sentence “I bought three books about linguistics in the

bookstore.”

答案

I. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2’×10=20’)

11.illocutionary 2. Language 3. relativity 4. complementary 5. relational

7.morphological 8. semantics 9. utterance 9. assimilation 10. bilingualism

Ⅱ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2’×10=20’)

1-5：B;C;B;B;B 6-10:A; B; B;C;C

Ⅲ. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1’×15=15’)

1-5: F; T; T; T; F; 6-10: T; F; F; F; F 11-15: F; T; F;T; T

Ⅳ. Explain three terms of the following four ones, using one or two examples for illustration. (5’×3=15’)

4.Head movement: The type of inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head

position in one phrase into the head position in another is also known as head movement, such as the auxiliary movement.

5.Speech act theory: It is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, which was

originated with the British philosopher John Austin in the late 50s of the 20th century. According to his new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.

6.The naming theory: it is proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. According to this theory, the

linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names and labels for things.

7.Inflectional morphemes: There are bound morphemes which are for the most part purely

grammatical markers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Such bound morphemes are called inflectional morphemes.

Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. (15’×2=30’)

3.What are the major branches which form the core of modern linguistics? And what does each of

them study?

The are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.

Phonetics : is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.

Phonology: as linguists became interested in how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication, they developed another branch of study related to sounds called pholology.

Morphology: the study of the way in which these symbols are arranged and combined to form words has constituted the branch of study is called morphology.

Syntax: the study of these rules which govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages is called syntax.

Semantics: the study of meaning is known as semantics.

Pragmatics: when the study of meaning is conducted, not in isolation, but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study, it is called pragmatics.

2 Draw a tree diagram of the following sentence “I bought three books about linguistics in the bookstore.”

N. V. Adj. N. Prep. N. Prep. Det. N.

I bought three books about linguistics in the bookstore.