AJAX学习笔记1

AJAX学习笔记1
AJAX学习笔记1

AJAX学习笔记

一.关于Ajax的简介

DHTML是Dynamic HTML,即为动态HTML.其结合了HTML,javascript,DOM,CSS.

用途:AJAX主要侧重于Asynchronous(异步),一般情况下验证和表单填写就非常适合Ajax实现,还可以使用DOM的”拖”技术建立真正的网站.

原则:当用户跳格离开最后一个域时,如果以前的应用(没有使用Ajax)没有保存表单,那么使用Ajax之后的应用也不要保存表单.

安全:使用Ajax有一些安全考虑,记住,可以在浏览器中查看源代码,这说明任何人都知道你这个小部件是怎么创建的,建立XHR对象时必须添加统一资源定位

符(URL),所以可能会有恶意的用户修改你的网站,运行他们自己的代码,谨慎使用

Ajax可以降低这种风险.

二.使用XMLHttpRequest对象

创建XMLHttpRequest不用根据浏览器类型来创建,主要是通过检测浏览器是否提供对ActiveX对象的支持,如果支持,就可以使用ActiveX来创建

XMLHttpRequest.否则就是用本地javascript对象来创建XMLHttpRequest对象.

例如:

var xmlHttp;

function createXMLHttpRequest()

{

//如果是IE浏览器

if(window.ActiveXObject)

{

xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.XMLHTTP”);

}

//如果是除IE外的浏览器

else if(window.XMLHttpRequest)

{

xmlHttp=new XMLHttpRequest();

}

}

标准的XMLHttpRequest常用方法

方法描述

abort()停止当前的操作getAllResponseHeaders()把HTTP请求的所有响应首部作为键/值对返回getResponseHeader(“Header”)返回首部的头文件值

open(method,url,asynch,username,password)建立对服务器的调用.method可以是

GET,POST,PUT.url可以是相对于URL或者绝对

URL,这个方法还包括三个可选参数.

send(content)向服务器发送请求

setRequestHeader(“header”,”value”)把指定的首部设置为所提供的值,在设置任何

首部之前必须先调用open方法

标准的XMLHttpRequest常用属性

属性描述

readyState请求的状态,可以有五个可取值:0=初始化;1=正在加载;2=已加载;3=交

互中;4=完成

responseXML服务器的响应,表示为XML.这个对象可以解析为一个DOM对象responseText服务器的响应,表示一个字符串

status服务器的状态码,(200对应OK,404对应Not Found(为找到)等等) onreadystatechange每个状态改变时都会触发这个事件处理器,通常会调用一个javascript

函数

statusText HTTP状态码相对应的文本(OK或者Not Found等)

创建一个Ajax程序的一般步骤:

1.一个客户端事件触发的一个Ajax事件.从最简单的onchange事件到某个特定

的用户动作,很多这样的事件都可以触发Ajax事件,可以有一下的代码:

2.创建XMLHttpRequest对象的一个实例.使用open()方法建立调用,并设置URL

以及所希望的HTTP请求方法(通常是GET或POST),请求实际上是通过一个

send()方法调用触发.可用的代码如下:

var xmlHttp;

function validateEmail()

{

var email=getDocumentById(“email”).value;

var url=”validateEmail?email=”+escape(email);

if(window.ActiveXObject)

{

xmlHttp=new ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.XMLHTTP”)

}

else if(window.XMLHttpRequest)

{

xmlHttp=new XMLHttpRequest()

}

xmlHttp.open(“GET”,url,true);

xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=callback;

xmlHttp.send(null);

}

3.向服务器做出请求,可能调用Servlet,CGI脚本,或者任何服务器端技术;

4.服务器可以做你想做的事情,包括数据库,甚至访问另一个系统;

5.请求返回到浏览器,ContentType设置为text/xml,XMLHttpRequest对象只能处

理text/html类型的结果,另外在更复杂的实例中响应设置的更广.

response.setHeader(“Cache-Control”,”no-cache”);

response.setHeader(“Pragma”,”no-cache”);

response.setDateHeader(“Expires”,0);

6.在这个实例中,XMLHttpRequest对象配置为处理返回时要调用callback()函数,

这个函数会检查XMLHttpRequest的readyState属性,查看服务器的返回状态码,如果一切正常,callback()函数就会在客户端做一些有意思的工作,以下是一个典型的回调方法:

function callback()

{

if(xmlHttp.readyState==4)

if(xmlHttp.status==200)

{

//do something interesting

}

}

用于处理XML文档的DOM

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