研究生综合英语2课后习题汉译英

要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。

An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated., The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present.

很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更要重要。工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。

Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions.

恭维之所以奏效，还因为它与人们对认可的正常需要有关。尽管有些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维极力进行宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少受到赞美，所以对认可的渴求就更加强烈了。

Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for flattery.

鲜花是最常送的礼物之一。有一种传统的用鲜花表达的语言。精心挑选的一束花卉可以传达多种不同的情感与祝福。红玫瑰象征着爱情也象征着新事业充满希望的开端；紫罗兰是祈求受花人不要忘却送花人。兰花以及其他精美的花卉则表示受花人认为你请调高雅、受人尊重、出类拔萃。

Flowers are among the most frequently given gifts. There’s a traditional floral language, and a carefully selected bouquet or plant can convey a wide range of emotions and sentiments. Red roses symbolize love as well as the hopeful beginning of a new enterprise; violets beseech the recipient not to forget the donor; orchids and other exquisite blooms indicate that the recipient regards you as exotic, precious and rare.

送一束鲜花能唤醒温馨的回忆，比那些仅仅显示炫耀和奢华的礼物更为珍贵。一位顾客请花商把一束特殊的黄中透红的玫瑰送到医院——她母亲患重病正躺在那里。这位顾客说，“它们一直是我母亲最喜爱的鲜花，许多年前她在自己的婚礼上捧过这种花。”花商寻找了一个星期才找到她想要的花。这位顾客的母亲看着鲜花后十分欣喜。

A floral gift that evokes warm recollections will be prized more than one that is simply showy and extravagant. A customer asked a florist to deliver a bouquet of a certain variety of rose—yellow tinged with red—to a hospital where her mother lay seriously ill. “They’ve been my mother’s favorite flowers since she carried them at her wedding many years ago,” she said. The flo rist found the flowers she wanted after a week of searching. The customer’s mother was delighted at the sight of the flowers.

此外，送鲜花还能增进夫妻间的情感。一位医生在他57岁生日的那天，收到了一份更意味深长的鲜花礼物。当他下班回家时，惊喜地看到他家门前的草坪被改变成了玫瑰园，种有57丛玫瑰。他说：“这是妻子送个我的一份令人惊喜的、使我焕然一新的礼物——它提醒我永远别忘了她。”

In addition, a floral gift can also strengthen the emotional ties between husband and wife. A doctor, on his 57th birthday, received an ambitious floral gift. When he returned home from work, much to his joyful surprise, he found his front lawn turned into a rose garden containing 57 bushes. “It was a wonderful, self-renewing gift from my wife—a constant reminder of her.” he said.

就心理方面而言，在老年阶段有两种危险要加以警惕。其一是过度沉湎与往事。人活在回忆中、活在对过去美好时光的惋惜之中、活在对已故友人的悲伤之中，都是不行的。一个人的思想必须面向未来、面向那些值得做的事情。这一点并不总是很容易做到；一个人的过去会逐步对他产生越来越大的影响。他很容易自己想到，过去的情感比现在要强烈得多，过去的思维比现在要敏锐得多。如果确实如此，那么就应该将它忘却，如果它被忘掉了。就可能不是真的。

Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which ther e is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, a nd if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.

另一件应=应该避免的事情是依恋年轻人，希望从他们身上汲取活力。当你的孩子长大成人时，他们希望过自己的生活。如果你继续对他们关心备至，就像你对他们幼年时那样，你可能会成为他们的负担，除非他们对此无动于衷。这并不是说你不应该关心他们，但你对他们的关爱应该是思想上的，如果可能的话，给他们一点仁爱，但不要过分感情用事。动物在幼崽一有能力照料自己时就不再关心它们了，但人类由于婴儿期较长的缘故，就难以做到这一点。

The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. This does not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.

在中国，很多父母都会为孩子能够进入好学校而不遗余力地奔波，甚至花上大笔“择校费”为孩子进入重点学校铺路。英国虽然国立中小学没有重点与非重点之分，但各学校教育质量差异很大，英国父母为了让子女进入教育质量好的学校，也在绞尽脑汁想办法，其操心劳力、焦虑的程度绝不亚于中国的父母。

In China, a large number of parents spare no efforts to work for selecting a better school for their children, and even spend a large sum of money as long as their children can go to the key schools. The same case also occurs in Britain. Although there is no distinction between key public schools and non-key public schools, yet the quality of education in each school is of great difference. Therefore, the parents also leave no stones unturned in order to find a better school for their children. The degree of their anxieties is no less than that of Chinese parents.

入学申请表是家长向学校提交的重要材料。在填写入学申请表时，某些家长为了让孩子能够在好学校就读，没有如实交代家庭住址。英国每年都有数百起、甚至数千起这样的入学申请舞弊事件，且家长们的手段越来越“高明”。一些人用亲戚的地址，一些人用办公室的地址，有人正确填写了家庭地址，但故意填错了邮政编码，因为他们知道这所学校是通过邮政编码来计算家庭地址与学校之间的距离的。有些家长为了向学校出示家庭税收凭证以证明其家庭地址，甚至真的到税务所去为一个并非他们居住地的地址缴税。

The first step to get in a school is to fill in the application forms. Since these application forms are considered as very important materials to get access to a better school, some parents cheat by writing down wrong home addresses. Hence, every year in Britain finds hundreds of or thousands of such cheating events and the ways of cheating are increasingly “wiser”. For example, some fill in the relatives’ address or the office’s address ins tead, others write down the correct home address but with a wrong post code, because they know the school will calculate the distance between the school and home according to the post code. Moreover, some parents even go to Tax Bureau to pay tax for a plac e where they don’t stay at all, so that they could get the tax payment receipt and present it to the school as a proof of valid home address.