2010考研英语阅读理解精读100篇 UNIT 17
TEXT ONE
Britons’ most searing memories of their encounter with foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 are of the piles of animals slaughtered to try to stop its spread. Such a draconian policy might have been accepted had the disease been controlled quickly. But its ineffectiveness—more than 6m cows, sheep and pigs were culled before the disease was eradicated—led to widespread revulsion and a government rethink.
Just as in 2001, if an animal is thought to be infected, its herd will be culled and a quarantine zone set up. But this time, unless the disease is stamped out quickly, animals nearby will also be vaccinated to create a “fire-break” across which it is unlikely to travel. Already 300,000 doses of vaccine have been ordered, so that if government vets decide that slaughter alone is unlikely to be effective, they can start vaccinating straight away.
Humans almost never catch foot-and-mouth and it rarely kills the cloven-hooved beasts it affects. But animals produce less milk and meat, so its economic effects are severe. It is also highly contagious: infected livestock produce the virus that causes it in large quantities, and transmit it through saliva, mucus, milk, faeces and even droplets in their breath.
Even so, only countries where foot-and-mouth is endemic, as in parts of Latin America, vaccinate all animals. One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. It is also because vaccinating damages exports. Places that are free from foot-and-mouth are unwilling to import vaccinated beasts, or fresh meat from them, because they may still carry the disease.
The fear of being shut out of foreign markets led to the British government's disastrous foot-dragging over vaccination in 2001. But that same year an outbreak in the Netherlands involving 26 farms was brought under control in just one month by vaccinating 200,000 animals. Though healthy, these beasts then had to be culled so that farmers could return to exporting without restrictions as soon as possible.
Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export. Human action, accidental or deliberate, seems likely to have been involved.
Ironically, one reason for eschewing vaccination is that although it provides the best hope of dealing with outbreaks, maintaining the capacity to produce vaccine is
itself a risky business. Many earlier episodes of foot-and-mouth in countries normally free from the disease have been caused by laboratory escapes; in 1970 a leak from Pirbright's isolation facilities was fortunately contained.
1. Which one of the following statements is not TRUE of the foot-and-mouth disease in Briton in 2001?
[A] The disease had never been effectively controlled throughout the event.
[B] The policy of slaughtering animals to stop the disease spread proved to be a failure.
[C] The slaughtering policy was arousing discontent among the public in Britons.
[D] The government failed to take immediate actions of creating fire-break around the infected livestock.
2. The new policy is different from the policy in 2001 in the following aspects except_____
[A] the piles of animals will not be slaughtered as in 2001.
[B] animals near the infected herb will be injected with vaccine.
[C] a belt of quarantine with vaccinated animals will be erected.
[D] it is paying more attention to prevention of the outbreak of the epidemic.
3．Only a few countries have all of their animals injected with vaccines because of the following reason except_____
[A] it is unnecessary to vaccinate all the animals in counties in which there are little chances of infecting foot-and-mouth.
[B] the cost of vaccines against all types of the virus causing the disease is very high.
[C] vaccinated animals are less welcomed by importing countries.
[D] the vaccine cost will be rising as types of virus causing the disease are increasing. 4．Though vaccinated animals were free from the foot-and-mouth in Britain and Netherlands in 2001, they were still slaughtered because_____
[A] they may be more likely to infect the virus than the healthy ones.
[B] the exporting restrictions were too strict to let these animals pass the custom.
[C] the farmers were afraid of being deprived of the exporting right.
[D] the government wanted to regain the former status of exporting animals.
5．The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease may be a result of the following situations except_____
[A] animals being wrongly or incompletely injected with vaccination.
[B] importing animals from the countries with the foot-and-mouth-disease.
[C] leak of the virus during the research experimentation.
[D] malicious actions by some people with particular purpose.
篇章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了应对英国口蹄疫的一些情况。第一段讲述了英国2001年发生口蹄疫后采取的措施效果不佳；第二段讲述现在应对口蹄疫的新方法；第三段讲述口蹄疫带来的危害；第四段、第五段讲述注射疫苗方法存在的问题；第六、七段讲述研制疫苗过程中的病毒泄漏可能导致疫情。
词汇注释：
searing adj. 灼热的draconian adj. 严峻的
cull v. 剔除revulsion n. 巨变
quarantine n. 隔离stamp out 根除
contagious adj. 传染性的saliva n. 唾液
mucus n. 粘液faeces .n. 粪便
droplet n. 小滴endemic adj. 地方性的
难句突破：
(1)One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens
of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year.
[主体句式] One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus .
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，a virus 后面with引导的短语是做定语，with a targeted vaccine…是做前面types and sub-types的定语。
[句子译文] 其原因之一就是成本：口蹄疫由一种病毒引发，该病毒有三个种类和十几个次种类，每个重复出现的种类有对应的疫苗，通常两年重复出现一次。
(2)Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth
disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export.
[主体句式] Not even eternal vigilance can keep a country free of…: the latest outbreak was caused by…
[结构分析]这是一个复杂句，where 引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的Surrey；where引导的定语从句是一个并列句构成的，government researchers keep … and Merial manufactures…
[句子译文] 对进口产品保持警觉也不能保证一个国家免于口蹄疫，最近的一次疫情爆发显然是由于Surrey的Pirbright实验室复合体生物安全出现了问题，其中政府研究者保存了活的病毒以供疫苗研究，而美国动物健康公司Merial则制造疫苗以供出口。
题目分析：
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。据第一段，该疾病最终被消灭了，但是代价是巨大的，但不管如何，疾病被控制住了。因此A选项的表述是错误的，而该选项是正确的。B选
项，第一段提到这种政策不是很有效，因此可以说是失败了。C选项，第一段提到了这种政策没有效果，因此引起了更大范围的反感；D选项，文章第一段指出
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。根据第二段，新的举措主要是将染疫牧群旁边的动物注射疫苗，形成隔离带。A, 第二段提到了染病牧群还是会被屠宰掉，因此不是不同之处。
B、C、D都是关于利用疫苗来进行防御的，符合题意。因此，答案为A选项。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。根据第四段，口蹄疫有一定的地方性，某些频繁暴发的地区就要给所有的动物注射疫苗，其他的地方就不一定了。A选项, 虽然文章没有明显地提到这一点，但是可以推理得到该结论；B、C选项第四段有提及；D选项，第四段没有提到这一点，只是提到由于病毒种类多，疫苗成本也高。因此，答案为D选项。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析]推理题。根据第五段，尽管牲畜很健康，还是被屠宰掉一边与农场主可以尽快无限制地出口动物，结合上稳，英国政府和荷兰政府的措施，可以推断出这样做是政府还怕被挤出国外的市场，试图恢复以前的出口地位。答案D最为符合题意。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。根据第六段第七段，出现口蹄疫疫情可能是在研制疫苗时发生病毒泄露导致，可能是无意的，也可能是有意为之，因此，C、D选项的因素会导致口蹄疫。前面又提到进口受到严格限制，以避免传染口蹄疫，可见这也是一个途径，B选项的表述符合这个情况。而A选项中，动物被注射了疫苗后应该是免疫了，而不是导致口蹄疫，因此，改选项是正确选项。
参考译文：
英国2001年口蹄疫情给人留下的最差记忆就是，为了阻止疫情蔓延，大批的动物都被屠宰了。如果该疾病因而得以迅速控制，那么如此严厉的政策或许可以为人们所接受。但该政策没有什么效果——口蹄疫被根除前，共屠宰了600万牛、羊和猪——这引起了广大民众的反感和政府的重新思考。
在2001年，如果某个动物被认为是染上了口蹄疫，那么其所在牧群就会被杀掉，而且还会设立了隔离区。但是这一次，除非疾病被迅速根除，否则附近的动物也要进行预防接种，从而来建立一个“防御区”来阻止疾病的传播。政府已经预订了30万支疫苗，如果兽医宣布仅仅用屠宰一种手段不是很有效的话，人们就可以对牲畜们进行预防接种了。
人类几乎从来不会染上口蹄疫，而且这种病很少会导致偶蹄类动物死亡。但是动物产肉产奶都会因此下降，经济收益的形势就变得很严峻。而且口蹄疫是高传染性的，染病的牲畜会制造病毒，使其数量增加，并通过唾液、粘液、奶液、粪便，甚至他们滴下来的口水传播。
即便如此，只有在那些口蹄疫只是地方性传播范围的一些国家，比如拉丁美洲的一些地区才会给所有的动物都注射疫苗。其原因之一就是成本：口蹄疫由一种病毒引发，该病毒有三个种类和十几个次种类，每个重复出现的种类有对应的疫苗，通常两年重复出现一次。还有就是注射疫苗会影响动物出口。没有发生口蹄疫情的地区不愿意进口打了疫苗的动物，甚至也不愿意进口打过疫苗的肉类，因为害怕肉中可能带上了疾病。
由于害怕被挤出国际市场，英国政府2001年在疫苗上进行了包裹脚。但同年荷兰暴发的涉及26家农场的口蹄疫情中，只用了一个月时间为20万头动物注射了疫苗，使得疫情受到了控制。尽管牲畜都很健康，但还是必须被屠宰掉以便于农场主可以尽快无限制地出口产品。
对进口产品保持警觉也不能保证一个国家免于口蹄疫，最近的一次疫情爆发显然是由于Surrey的Pirbright实验室复合体生物安全出现了问题，其中政府研究者保存了活的病毒以供疫苗研究，而美国动物健康公司Merial则制造疫苗以供出口。无论是偶然还是有预谋的人类行动都可能是原因之一。
讽刺的是，避开疫苗接种的一个原因是虽然接种提供了应对疾病暴发最好的办法，但是制造疫苗的能力本身就是件危险的事情。一些没有这种疾病国家的早期口蹄疫就是由实验室泄漏引起的。1970年Pirbright隔离设备泄漏就很幸运地被遏制住了。
TEXT TWO
“OH DEAR! Oh dear! I shall be too late!” So muttered the White Rabbit just before he plunged into Wonderland, with Alice in pursuit. Similar utterances have been escaping the lips of European physicists, as it was confirmed last week that their own subterranean Wonderland, a new machine called the Large Hadron Collider,
will not now begin work until May 2008. This delay may enable their American rivals to scoop them by finding the Higgs boson—predicted 43 years ago by Peter Higgs of Edinburgh University to be the reason why matter has mass, but not yet actually discovered.
The Large Hadron Collider is a 27km-long circular accelerator that is being built at CERN, the European particle-physics laboratory near Geneva, specifically to look for the Higgs boson. When it eventually starts work, it will be the world's most powerful particle collider. It will also be the most expensive, having cost SFr10 billion ($8 billion) to build. The laboratory had hoped it would be ready in 2005, but the schedule has slipped repeatedly.
The most recent delay came at the end of March, with the dramatic failure of a magnet assembly that had been supplied by CERN's American counterpart, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) near Chicago. This device was one of four designed to focus beams of particles before they collide in the experimental areas. Admittedly, it had been placed under extreme conditions when it failed, but such forces are to be expected from time to time when the machine is running normally. The magnets have yet to be fixed, although physicists think they know how to do it.
Other, smaller hitches have compounded the problem. The collider has been built in eight sections, each of which must be cooled to temperatures only just above absolute zero. This is because the magnets used to accelerate the particles to the high energies needed for particle physics rely on the phenomenon of superconductivity to work—and superconductivity, in turn, needs extremely low temperatures. Unfortunately, the first of the eight sections took far longer to chill than had been expected.
If, as the other seven sections are cooled, further problems emerge, the start date will have to be put back still further. It takes a month to cool each section, and a month to warm each one back up to normal temperatures again. If it took, say, a month to fix any problems identified as a section cooled, each cycle would postpone the start date by three months.
To accelerate progress (as well as particles), CERN's management decided last week to cancel an engineering run scheduled for November. Instead of beginning slowly with some safe-but-dull low-energy collisions, the machine's first run will accelerate its particles to high energies straight away.
Such haste may be wise, for rumours are circulating that physicists working at the Tevatron, which is based at Fermilab and is currently the world's most powerful collider, have been seeing hints of the Higgs boson. Finding it would virtually guarantee the discoverer a Nobel prize—shared jointly, no doubt, with Dr Higgs. Hence the rush, as hundreds of physicists head down the rabbit hole, seeking their own adventures in Wonderland.
1. The sentences in Alice in Wonderland are cited in the first paragraph in order to _____
[A] illustrate that the new machine European physicists have invented is full of wonder.
[B] describe the mood of the European physicists facing the delay of the Large Hadron Collider
[C] tell people that the European physicists will put off the presentation of their new machine.
[D] reflect the public’s eagerness in using the Large Hadron Collider.
2. The word “scoop” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____
[A] forestall.
[B] defeat.
[C] surpass.
[D] vanquish.
3．Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Peter Higgs’ contribution in this field?
[A] It was him who initiated the idea that there existed such a boson to make matter have mass.
[B] He made the famous estimate that human beings would find out such a boson in the future.
[C] He claimed with convincing evidence that America would outrun Europe in discovering the Higgs boson.
[D] It was him who first discovered the boson which makes matter have mass.
4. The schedule of the Large Hadron Collider has slipped repeatedly because of the following reason except_____
[A] the device of focusing beams of particles was having a screw loose.
[B] it took longer to cool down the superconductivity so that the collider could work normally.
[C] it took a very long period to make eight sections cool down or regain temperature.
[D] there happened a dramatic failure of a magnet assembly which was not beyond expectation
5. CERN’S management decided to have the machine’s first run accelerate its particles straight away because_____
[A] they are afraid that American researchers will get to see the Higgs boson ahead of them.
[B] the safe-but-dull low-energy collision was too old fashioned.
[C] they wanted to dispel the rumours that physicists at the Tevatron have been seeing hints of the Higgs boson.
[D] they wanted to have a try of the new way of accelerating particles.
篇章剖析：
这篇文章讲述了欧洲物理学家在推出“大强子碰撞器”机器时的一些延迟情况。第一段讲述了大强子碰撞器的总体情况；第二、三、四段讲述具体引起延误的一系列问题；第五段讲述CERN管理层为加速进程采取的行动；第六段是对该行动的评价。
词汇注释：
subterranean adj. 地下的hadron n. 强子
boson n. 破色子
难句突破:
(1)Similar utterances have been escaping the lips of European physicists, as it was
confirmed last week that their own subterranean Wonderland, a new machine called the Large Hadron Collider, will not now begin work until May 2008.
[主体句式] Similar utterances have been escaping the lips of…, as it was confirmed that…
[结构分析]这是一个复杂句。As引导的是原因状语从句；其中a new machine called …是前面Wonderland的同位语。
[句子译文] 相同的句子也出现在欧洲物理学家的嘴边，因为上个星期他们也证实了自己的地下奇幻世界——一种叫做“大强子碰撞器”的新机器——将推迟到2008年5月份投入使用。这个推迟可能会他们的美国对手抢先发现西格斯介子的玻色子。
（2）Such haste may be wise, for rumours are circulating that physicists working at the Tevatron, which is based at Fermilab and is currently the world's most powerful collider, have been seeing hints of the Higgs boson.
[主体句式]Such haste may be wise, for rumours are circulating that physicists have benn…
[结构分析] 这是一个复杂句。that 引导的是同位语从句，修饰前面的rumours; which 引导的定语从句是用来修是Tevatron的。
[句子译文] 这样的速度可能是明智的，因为现在有谣言说在Tevatron工作的物理学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，Tevatron是位于Fermilab的目前世界上最强有力的碰撞器。
[答案] C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。根据第一段，所引用的句子表明是“太晚了”，联系到物理学家要推迟推出新机器，可以看出这只是反映他们推迟了这个项目。因此，答案为
C选项。
[答案]A
[难度系数]☆
[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文，美国的对手先发现西格斯介子的玻色子，就应该会抢在欧洲人前面，因此，答案为A选项。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。根据第一段最后一句“This delay may enable their American rivals to scoop them by finding the Higgs boson—predicted 43 years ago by Peter Higgs of Edinburgh University to be the reason why matter has mass, but not yet actually discovered”，Peter Higgs只是预言玻色子是事物为什么有质量的原因，因此答案A为正确选项。
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。根据文章第三段、第四段和第五段有关计划日程不断推后的原因，第三段提到了磁铁组出了问题，这是用来聚焦粒子束的四个装置之一，A、D选项的表述是这个原因；第四段和第五段提到了需要将八个部分冷却下来需要很长时间，C选项符合这点，B选项本身提法有问题，并不是超导电性需要冷却下来，而是超导电性需要低温，转而需要其他的部分冷却。因此，B选项是正确答案。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。根据第六段，为了加速进程才做出了这样的决定，结合第七段，说有传闻说Tevatron工作的物理学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，欧洲还是怕美国超前，因此选择了这样的策略。因此正确答案为A选项。
参考译文：
“噢！噢！我可能太晚了！”白兔在陷入奇幻世界中这样咕哝着，爱丽丝在后面跟着它。相同的句子也出现在欧洲物理学家的嘴边，因为上个星期他们也证实了自己的地下奇幻世界——一种叫做“大强子碰撞器”的新机器——将推迟到2008年5月份投入使用。这个推迟可能会他们的美国对手抢先发现西格斯介子的玻色子。爱丁堡大学的Peter Higgs在43年前就预言玻色子将是事物为什么有质量的原因，但是目前还没有真正发现这种玻色子。
大强子碰撞器是一个27公里长的环形粒子加速器，在日内瓦附近的欧洲粒子物理实验室CERN建成，目的就是为了寻找西格斯玻色子。最后在加速期开始工作时，它将成为世界上最强大的粒子碰撞器，也会成为世界上最昂贵的碰撞器，价值100亿瑞士法郎（80亿美元）。实验室本来希望可以在2005年就可以准备就绪，但其日程却不断推迟。
最近的一次推迟发生在三月底，是因为CERN美国部门在芝加哥附近的菲尔米国家加速器实验室提供的磁铁组出现了巨大的问题。该设备是在他们在实验区域内碰撞之前聚焦粒子束的四个装置之一。无可否认，出问题是由于一些极端的条件，但是机器运行正常时这种情况也会发生。磁体还没有修好，尽管物理学家已经知道应该如何处理了。
其他更小的故障使得问题更为复杂。八个部分都安装了加速器，每个都必须被冷却到一定温度，只比绝对零度高一点。这是因为用来加速粒子到高能量的磁铁依靠超导电性来工作，而超导电性需要极度的低温。不幸的是，八个部分的第一个就用了比预想要多得多的时间来冷却。
如果其余的七个部分却被冷却了，那么会出现更多的问题，开始使用机器的日期就会继续延迟。冷却每个部分大约要用一个月，而将其加温至原来的正常温度又需要一个月。如果每一个部分冷却下来都需要用一个月来检查问题的话，那么每一轮都会将开工日期缩短三个月。
为了加速进程（也为了加速粒子），CERN管理层上周决定取消11月份的工程运行计划。这使得机器不再通过一些安全但是迟钝的低能量碰撞来慢慢开始，而是立即将其粒子加速到高能量。
这样的速度可能是明智的，因为现在有谣言说在Tevatron工作的物理学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，Tevatron是位于Fermilab的目前世界上最强有力的碰撞器。发现该玻色子的人一定会获得诺贝尔奖，当然会与西格斯博士一起分享。因此，随着成百上千的物理学家来兔子洞寻找奇幻世界的冒险，便出现了蜂拥而入的景象。
TEXT THREE
Whatever else, Airbus cannot be accused of failing to put on a brave face at this week's Paris Air Show, held every two years. Louis Gallois is the troubled European airframe-maker's third chief executive within 12 months. But still he declared: “I can tell you with fu ll confidence that Airbus is back and fully back.” Supporting his confident public message was an extraordinary flow of orders and commitments for over 600 aircraft accumulated in time for the show by the firm's super-salesman, John Leahy.
Although it is heading for a second successive loss—last year it plunged€572m ($718m) into the red—Airbus is undoubtedly in better shape than it was 12 months ago when wiring problems delayed the A380 and the weak dollar exposed the firm's bloated cost base. It has begun the “Power8” recovery plan, intended to save €2 billion annually by cutting 10,000 jobs and auctioning off six factories to partners. And the giant A380 will begin commercial service with Singapore Airlines in the autumn, although being two years late.
In the contest between the twin-engined wide-body Boeing 787 and the A350 XWB, Mr Gallois struggles to be as positive. The 787 is already a sales phenomenon, with over 630 firm orders even before the plane's roll-out next month. The airlines are excited by its revolutionary use of a composite material called carbon-reinforced plastic (CRP). Five years behind the 787, which will enter service next year, the A350 contains a similar share of composite material, but is based on a less advanced structural design that involves hanging CRP panels on a titanium frame. Boeing acknowledges that the A350 may be as light as the 787, but argues that it will be a less pleasant plane to fly in and a more difficult one to maintain.
Mr Gallois admits that following Boeing's approach would have been too expensive and risky for Airbus. At the same time Mr Gallois bemoaned the advantage his rival has in government-supported research and development. Boeing, he claims, receives about $800m a year—ten times as much as Airbus. Earlier in the week, during meetings with ministers representing the four Airbus partners (France, Germany, Britain and Spain), he asked them to fund half the company's planned €600m-a-year investment in research and technology. He is not hopeful.
But for the moment what matters most for Airbus is that the market stays strong and that it gets to grips with its costs. This may require going further in imitating Boeing's risk-sharing partner (RSP) model than Airbus seems willing to contemplate. According to some estimates, about 80% of the work on the 787 is outsourced to RSPs, saving Boeing both precious development time and working capital.
What this week has shown is that for all the success of the 787 and the mistakes of Airbus, the competitive duopoly of the past decade is still firmly in place. But will things stay that way? That depends partly on whether Airbus really has learnt its lessons and partly on who else wants to get into the game. Boeing reckons that in 20 years, 36% of the market will be in the Asia-Pacific region. For the time being, the Chinese, the Indians and others are happy to be partners and customers. But that could change.
1．How can Louis Gallois be confident that Airbus is “fully back”?
[A] Because under his leadership there is a sign that the company will soon stop losing money.
[B] Because Airbus put on a good show in Paris in which it received a large number of orders.
[C] Because Airbus launches its recovery plan that would surely bring a great amount of profit.
[D] Because the company is in better situation as it succeeded in slowing down the annual loss.
2．How does Boeing feel about the coming A350 by Airbus?
[A] Critical
[B] Indifferent
[C] Optimistic
[D] Supportive
3．According to Mr Gallois, how can Airbus catch up with Boeing?
[A] By mastering advanced technology that can compete with or excel Boeing.
[B] By receiving more financial and other kinds of support from the partner governments.
[C] By adopting the RSP model so as to cut costs and improve the efficiency of its working process.
[D] By reducing cost through its recovery plan and relevant policies.
4．What is Boeing’s strategy of cutting cost?
[A] It oursources a large portion of work to its partners.
[B] It invests in technology research and development.
[C] It receives much support from the government.
[D] It expands production by looking for more orders.
5．By “But will things stay that way?” (Line 2, Paragraph 6), the author means _______
[A] Airbus might make more mistakes.
[B] the markets in Asia-Pacific region might shrink.
[C] the competitive duopoly by Boeing and Airbus might change.
[D] Chinese and Indians might become the two companies’ strong competitors.
篇章剖析：
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了欧洲空中汽车公司在和美国波音公司的竞争中遇到的麻烦和困难。第一段通过巴黎航空展和空客首席执行官的态度来引出话题；第二段描述了空中客车现在面临的具体困境；第三段则刻画了空客在和波音公司之间的竞争中处于下风；第四、五段简要分析了空客不敌波音的一些原因；第六段总结说明了两家公司仍然处于竞争垄断市场的局面。
词汇注释：
successive 继承的, 连续的composite合成的, 复合的
plunge投入, 跳进, 陷入titanium [化]钛
bloat（使）膨胀, 肿起bemoan 哀叹
auction拍卖outsource外包
roll-out出场，推出duopoly两家卖主垄断市场(的局面)
难句突破:
Although it is heading for a second successive loss—last year it plunged €572m ($718m) into the red—Airbus is undoubtedly in better shape than it was 12 months ago when wiring problems delayed the A380 and the weak dollar exposed the firm's bloated cost base.
[主体句式] Although it is heading for…, Airbus is undoubtedly in better shape than…
[结构分析] 本句是一个转折句，由两个部分组成。第一个部分是although引导的从句，而两个破折号之间的内容是对前面句子的补充说明；第二个破折号后面的内容是这个句子的主句，其中这个句子中又包含了一个以when引导的时间状语从句。
[句子译文] 尽管空中客车今年会连续第二年亏损—去年该公司的赤字为5.72亿欧元（折合7.18亿美元）—空中客车毫无疑问比12个月前的情况好得多，那个时候由于配线问题导致了A380延迟推出，同时疲软的美元凸现了公司的高成本问题。
2 Five years behind the 787, which will enter service next year, the A350 contains a similar share of composite material, but is based on a less advanced structural design that involves hanging CRP panels on a titanium frame.
[主体句式]The A350 contains a similar share of composite material.
[结构分析] 本句是简单句。开头的两个短语“Five years behind the 787”和“which will enter service next year”都是用来形容A350的，放在前面增加了句子的难度。后面but引导一个转折句，句中包含了一个定语从句，以that引导，来修饰design。
[句子译文] 将于明年开始服务的A350比波音787晚了五年，它拥有一种类似的合成材料，但是这种材料所基于的技术不如波音787先进，即把CRP板挂在钛框架上。
[答案] D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理判断题。文章第二段第一句话说明“Although it is heading for a second successive loss—last year it plunged €572m ($718m) into the red—Airbus is undoubtedly in better shape than it was 12 months ago when wiring problems delayed the A380 and the weak dollar exposed the firm's bloated cost base”，即空中客车公司该年的年度亏损小于去年，公司的状况开始变好，因此D选项正确。A选项错误的原因是，并没有迹象显示公司将会停止亏损。B选项错误的原因在于，尽管文章第一段指出空客在巴黎航空展上表现不错，但是订单的增加并不是从航空展上得到的，同时关于名誉的表述也是没有根据的。C选项错误的原因文中第二段提到的公司恢复计划能够节约成本，并没有提到会带来很大利润。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆
[分析] 情感态度题。文章第三段最后一句指出“Boeing acknowledges that the A350 may be as light as the 787, but argues that it will be a less pleasant plane to fly in and a more difficult one to maintain”，波音公司认为A350可能跟波音787一样轻，但是却不如波音787舒适，而且前者比后者更难维修，这说明波音公司并不看好空客即将推出的A350，或者说，波音公司是带着吹毛求疵的态度看待A350机型的性能，认为其不仅不够完美，而且不及波音787的各项优点。
[答案] B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。文章第四段中，加洛瓦感叹“Boeing, he claims, receives about $800m a year—ten times as much as Airbus”，即波音公司每年从政府得到的研发支持和资金是空客的10倍，充足的政府支持是波音能够一直保持行业领先地位的重要因素。因此加洛瓦西望与
空客合作的四个国家的政府也能够增加对空客的投资，从而以增强其竞争力。
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。本题的问题关键是空客如何降低成本，而文章第五段介绍了波音公司通过RSP模式将许多工作外包给合作伙伴，从而节约了工作资金，降低了成本，因此答案为A 选项。B和C选项都是波音保持强劲发展势头的原因，但是不是降低成本的原因。D选项则属于无中生有，在文章中没有根据。
[答案] C
[难度系数]☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理判断题。在“But will things stay that way?”这句话之前，文章表明这两家公司仍然处于竞争垄断市场的局面，后文又继续说明了有可能导致这种局面有所变化的一些因素。这句话处在中间的衔接位置，说明了作者认为对于这种状况不一定能够长期持续下去。
参考译文
无论如何，我们不能说空中客车在这周举办的两年一度的巴黎航空展表现不佳。Louis Gallois是这个遇到麻烦的欧洲飞机制造商12个月内的第三任首席执行官。但是他声称：“我
可以充满信心地告诉你们，空中客车回来了，完全地回来了。”他之所以发表如此充满信心的讲话，是因为该公司的超级销售员John Leahy在航展前及时地拉到了600多架飞机的大规模订单和合同承诺。
尽管空中客车今年会连续第二年亏损—去年该公司的赤字为5.72亿欧元（折合7.18亿美元）—空中客车毫无疑问比12个月前的情况好得多，那个时候由于配线问题导致了A380延迟推出，同时疲软的美元凸现了公司的高成本问题。现在公司实施了“Power8”恢复计划，目的在于通过裁员1万人、并把6个工厂拍卖给合作伙伴等措施，从而每年节约20亿欧元。新加坡航空公司将在今年秋天首先把巨型的A380用于商业服务，这比原计划推迟了两年。
在空客A350 XWB和双引擎宽体的波音787的竞争中，Gallois先生力图保持积极的姿态。波音787销售已经十分成功，该机型在下个月正式出场之前就已经收到了超过630架的订单。这款机型革命性地使用了一种叫做碳增强塑料（CRP）的合成材料，这使得航空公司都非常振奋。将于明年开始投入使用的A350比波音787晚了五年，它拥有一种类似的合成材料，但是这种材料所基于的技术不如波音787先进，即把CRP板挂在钛框架上。波音承认A350有可能和787 一样轻，但同时指出坐在A350上可能不是非常舒适，且这款机型比较难操作。
Gallois承认紧跟波音的步子对空客来说成本昂贵且风险很大。同时，Gallois也感叹其对手拥有政府的研发支持。他声称波音每年得到的资金为8亿美元，这是空客的10倍。本周早先时候，在与空客的四家合作者（法国、德国、英国和西班牙）的部长会谈中，他要求后者为公司每年提供6亿欧元的资金用于技术研发。但是希望并不大。
目前对于空中客车来说，最重要的是市场保持强劲，而且公司要处理其成本的问题。这可能要求空客进一步去模仿波音的风险分担伙伴（RSP）模型，尽管这也许超出了空客预期。根据一些预测数据，波音787约80%的工作外包给了RSP，这给波音节约了宝贵的研发时间和工作资金。
本周的一系列事件告诉我们，尽管波音787取得了巨大的成功而空客犯下了一些错误，但这两家竞争公司的垄断地位依旧岿然不动。可是这种情况会一直持续下去吗？这一部分取决于空客是否真的吸取了教训，一部分取决于是否还有别的公司愿意加入这场游戏。波音估计在20年后，36%的市场在亚太地区。目前，中国人、印度人等都非常愿意成为合作伙伴和客户。但是这种局面也是会改变的。
TEXT FOUR
The humble but industrious ant has long served as a metaphor for the economic virtues of simplicity, parsimony and diligence. But in the case of weaver ants in Africa, this description may be more than just a metaphor. According to Paul van Mele of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and his colleagues, African mango farmers could increase their harvests by as much as two-thirds with the help of these doughty insects.
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2010年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。 从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’” 不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。他大量的音乐批评，除了专门研究音乐评论的人以外，已鲜为人知。 Cardus的评论有没有机会重新流行？前景似乎渺茫。在他去世之前，新闻业的品味早已改变很长时间了，而且他所擅长的措词华丽的维多利亚爱德华时期的散文风格对后现代的读者没有什么用处。何况，由业余爱好者作音乐批评的传统早已经成为昨日黄花了。 21. 第一段和第二段指出 A 文艺评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了 B 英文报纸过去常刊登更多文艺评论方面的文章
考研英语长难句精读
1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批 来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我 们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个 句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the White House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critical...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。that主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三)
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
【Selected】2010考研英语一阅读及答案.doc
TeGt1（20GG） OfallthechangesthathavetaAenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapers duringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeenthei neGorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage. Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderunderthea geoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundin mostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantc ollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofne wspaperreviews.ToreadsuchbooAstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlear nedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulatio ndailies. Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspub lishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWa rII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsid eredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays ,itwastaAenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailan datlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andev enthosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,liAeGeorgeBernardShawa ndErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoAnowwhattheywereabout.Theseme nbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedaily press.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughto Aeepthei rownendupinjournali sm,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘jo urnalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowrite rswhoare.’”
2017考研英语 阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)
UNIT SIX TEXT ONE Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts. Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss. But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them. Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(4)
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（4） It is a startling claim， but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effects： the equivalent of two classrooms full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs. Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America， where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills， pills and medical bills of the elderly. Cancer kills more children than any other disease in MERICA. 1） although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001. 2） Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer （41，000 each year） and lung cancer （164，000）。Adbocates foor more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost， the average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six， while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci， a pediatric cancer export at Johns Hopkins， points out that in terms of total life-years saved， the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer. There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations， all the same， breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity， private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer， a term which covers people up to 20
2009考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(2)
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
2010年考研英语阅读理解真题第3篇 The Accidental Influentials
2010年考研英语阅读理解真题 Text 3 The Accidental Influentials In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the action of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. 在《引爆流行》这本书中，作者Malcolm Gladwell 认为社会流行潮流在很大程度上是由一小部分特殊个体的行为引起的。这些人就是人们常说的影响者。他们异乎寻常的博闻多识，能言善辩，人脉广泛。 The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread. 从直觉上讲Malcolm Gladwell的理论似乎很有说服力，但是它没有解释流行观念的实际传播过程。 The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. 人们之所以认为影响者很重要，是源于"两级传播"理论。即信息先从媒体流向影响者，然后再从影响者流向其他人。这一理论看似合理，但未经验证。Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. 营销人员接受两级传播理论是因为该理论认为如果能够找到影响者，并对他们施加影响。这些精英们就会替他们完成大部分的营销传播工作。 The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. 这一理论似乎还可以解释某些装扮、品牌或社区为何会突然受到出乎意料的追捧。
考研英语阅读超精读法
超精读——全面提升英语阅读能力 作者：丁晓钟来源：点点英语 经常有同学问我：有没有什么捷径能够顺利地通过四六级、考研或者其它英语考试? 我的回答总是：没有。但是，帮助同学们找到一套科学的学习方法，不仅可以提高英语能力，而且对考试也有切实的帮助，是我一直所追求的。在国内这样的非母语学习环境里，如何在英语学习上少走弯路，最为行之有效和直接的提高英语水平的办法就是大量阅读，并作精细阅读，这样才能带动“听说写译”等其它能力的突破。结合我个人的学习体会，并经过长时间的思考和教学中的摸索，我总结出了一套以阅读为突破口，提高英语综合能力和突破四六级和考研等等英语考试的“超精读”方法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。 对大部分中国学生来说，欠缺的不是泛读，而是精读。总的来说，同学们在超精读文章的时候要对文章和考点、干扰项等进行详细的分析、总结。这时要仔细体会文章中精彩的语言，注意词语的内涵、使用、扩展和搭配，代词和名词的指代，对精彩句型的模仿，以及对重要语法现象、长句、难句、文章结构的分析。另外，还要注意分析句子和句子之间的关系，是因果、递近、转折还是什么？尤其要注意文章的第一句和最后一句，以及每段的第一句和最后一句与其它句子的关系，体会每句话在文章中的作用。在阅读过程中，要培养自己对文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者和专家的观点，以及语气的把握。特别注意作者和专家的观点，专家和专家之间的观点是否相同或相反或互补，以及作者和专家的语气是赞成还是反对，是关注还是乐观等等。如果是真题，还要仔细分析考点和正确、干扰选项的规律、特征。在此过程中，可把文章尽可能的多读几遍，甚至翻译一下，提高对文章中单词、短语、句型等的反应速度，阅读速度自然也就提高了。 如果能做到上面几点，那么你才能说真正地理解了文章，阅读理解能力以及综合英语能力都会得到很大的提高，其结果是对考试中的每个题型的把握都会更上一层楼。先从听力说起，据研究，一个人的阅读理解能力和听力水平是成正比关系的。试想，有的同学连听力原文都看不懂，怎么可能听懂呢。另外，在超精读的过程中，所积累的词汇能力，对词汇题也有很大帮助，我曾做过统计，如果对10套左右的四六级、考研阅读真题中的词汇进行过深入学习，大纲中的重点词汇就已经囊括大半。最好的词汇记忆方法是通过阅读来学习，可以记得又牢又准确。对翻译、完形、改错、简短回答问题等小题型，你就会觉得得心应手，因为你对这些题型的解题能力和你的阅读、词汇能力最相关。关于作文，许多同学喜欢背模版，其实模版作文千篇一律，很难拿到高分。如果在读英语报刊和真题的过程中，我们有意识地摘抄积累一些精彩地道的词汇和句型，考试时信手拈来，无疑会使评卷老师眼睛为之一亮。实际上，我们所阅读的英语文章就是一篇篇精彩的作文范文。如果我们能在早晨、傍晚朗读或背诵英语报刊文章或真题阅读文章，经常进行翻译练习，耳濡目染接触到的都是地道的英语，坚持下去，我们的听说读写译能力很自然地就会得到提高。 第一步：准备好阅读材料，训练阅读速度，捕捉文章大意。不要查字典、看译文。 在阅读英语报刊（推荐阅读Time, Newsweek, the Economist等）或者真题的时候，第一遍都必须首先注意提高阅读速度。对报刊上的文章，第一遍读的时候不要查字典，记下起止时间，计算单位时间的阅读量。对真题，更加要控制在规定的时间内完成，阅读时就要随时对可能的考点作出标记，最后结合解题技巧来解题。这时的重点放在训练速度，掌握文章大意、结构，以及作者和专家等的观点。 第二步：总结文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气，复合词的使用，总结各类重要搭配，对各类重要词汇进行扩展，正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的词汇。 1.从文章中词汇使用的准确性、形象性、多样性和感情色彩及语气角度，复合词的使用进行总结。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work