剑6阅读test4精讲

剑6阅读test4精讲
剑6阅读test4精讲

第一篇题型一

?i Not all doctors are persuaded

?ii Choosing the best offers

?iii Who is responsible for the increase in promotions?

?iv Fighting the drug companies

?v An example of what doctors expect from drug companies

?vi Gifts include financial incentives

?vii Research shows that promotion works

?viii The high costs of research

?ix The positive side of drugs promotion

?x Who really pays for doctors? free gifts?

第一篇题型二

?8 Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.

?9 Kim Schaefer?s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.

?10 The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.

?11 Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.

?12 The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.

?13It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.

B段

?正数第一行“But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for today?s drugs rep- a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinner for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug?s profile ”,对应第八题。

C段

?正数第三行“They work in an industry highly criticized for its sales and marketing practices ”,对应第九题。

D段

?正数第三行“Salespeople provide much-needed information and education to physicians. In many cases the glossy brochures, article reprints and prescriptions they deliver are primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers ”,对应第十题。

E段

?正数第三行“Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn?t emblazoned with a drug?s name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company?s logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls ”,对应第十一题。

F段

?正数第一行“Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars? worth of samples each week-$7.2 billion worth of them in one year ”,对应第十二题。

G段

?正数第四行“In the end the fact remains that pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit and will continue to find new ways to increase sales ”,对应第十三题。

第二篇题型一

?The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate 14…… to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and15 ……. However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16 …… in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as17 …… and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that

18 …… can in itself improve infant health and survival.

第二篇题型一

?A child literacy B men and women

?C an international research team

?D medical care E mortality F maternal literacy

?G adults and children H paternal literacy

?I a National Literacy Crusade J family wealth

第二篇题型二

?19 About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.

?20 Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.

?21 Before and after the National Literacy Crusade the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.

第二篇题型二

?22 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.

?23 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.

?24 After the National Literacy Crusade the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.

第二篇题型三

?Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?

A It is better to educate mature women than young girls.

B Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.

C The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.

D Improving child health can quickly affect a country?s economy.

E Money spent on female education will improve child health.

第一段

?正数第一行“Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago ”,对应第十五题。

第二段

?正数第一行“and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family?s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children?s health and survival ”,对应第十七题和第十八题。

第三段

?正数第二行“By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers ”,对应第十四题。

第四段

?正数第一行“During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children, some d uring the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all ”,对应第十六题和第十九题。

第五段

?正数第一行“In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births ”,对应第二十一题。

?倒数第二行“For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was signifi cantly lower, at 80 per thousand ”,对应第二十题。

第六段

?正数第三行“For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate ”,对应第二十二题和第二十三题。

?倒数第二行“The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read ”,对应第二十四题。

第八段

?正数第一行“The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is …an important health intervention in its own right? ”,对应第二十五和二十六题E选项。

第九段

?正数第二行“But we thought that if we started educating girls today, we?d have to wait a generation for the pay-off ”,对应第二十五和第二十六题C选项。

第三篇题型一

?i The role of video violence

?ii The failure of government policy

?iii Reasons for the increased rate of bullying

?iv Research into how common bullying is in British schools

?v The reaction from schools to enquiries about bullying

?vi The effect of bullying on the children involved

?vii Developments that have led to a new approach by schools

第三篇题型二

?31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schools

?32 Children who are bullied

?33 The wri ter thinks that the declaration …There is no bullying at this school?

?34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?

第三篇题型三

?What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?

?The most important step is for the school authorities to produc e a 35…… which makes the school?s attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36 …… as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.

?In addition, action can be taken through the 37 ……. This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.

第三篇题型三

?Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential

38 …… of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying,

a …no blame? approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.?Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39 …….

第三篇题型四

?A Bullying: what parents can do

?B Bullying: are the media to blame?

?C Bullying: the link with academic failure

?D Bullying: from crisis management t prevention

A段

?正数第四行“in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persist ent bullying ”,对应第三十一题。

B段

?正数第三行“Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults ”,对应第三十二题。

C段

?正数第一行“Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. …There is no bullying at this school? has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue ”,对应第三十三题。

D段

?倒数第五行“In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced national ly, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved ”,对应第三十四题。E段第一小段

?正数第一行“Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs ”,对应第三十五和第三十六题。

E段第二小段

?正数第一行“Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. There are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development ”,对应第三十七题。

E段第三小段

?正数第一行“There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as …no blame? ”,对应第三十八题。

E段第四小段

?正数第一行“Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting ”,对应第三十九题。

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