大学英语网络试卷

网络试卷的错题集1.If you don't ________ cooking today, we can go

out to eat at the new restaurant.

A. would like

B. go on with

C. feel like

D. figure out

2.He doesn't ________ of buying a house this year

because the bank has refused to lend him any

money.

A. afford

B. make the most

C. run out

D. stand a chance

3.Do you ________ her novels as serious literature

or as mere entertainment?

A. classify

B. notify

C. simplify

D. justify

4.The newspaper didn't mention the ________ of

the damage caused by the fire.

A. range

B. level

C. extent

D. quantity

5.It will be worth the efforts even if you fail; the

rewards you ________ will be great.

A. reap

B. boast

C. assure

D. cultivate

6.He suggested transporting the supplies by air.

But it is absolutely ________, for it will cost too

much.

A. unusual

B. uncertain

C. impractical

D. impressive

7.Showing some sense of humor can be a(n)

________ way to deal with some stressful

situations.

B. available

C. effective

D. favorite

8.Poor Laura! I feel so sorry for her. When she fell,

she hurt her arm and, ________, broke her

glasses.

A. in advance

B. in addition

C. over time

D. on the other hand

9.The investigation ________ evidence of a

large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.

A. uncovered

B. outweighed

C. overwhelmed

D. evolved

10.Mothers tend to be too ________ toward their

children. They should let them see more of the

world.

A. hopeful

B. protective

C. modest

D. encouraging

11.No other drugs are as good as this one; it must

have been based on a(n) ________ formula (配

方).

A. enormous

B. stimulating

C. unique

D. overwhelming

12.________ they have written about the behaviors

of animals is hardly anything new.

A. That

B. This

C. What

D. Which

13.I believe friendship is an essential element of

making a healthy, ________ life.

A. flexible

B. rewarding

C. wealthy

14.It was when I read his letter ________ I realized

he had given me huge help.

A. that

B. then

C. before

D. after

15.Don't worry too much, Jane. Your son ________

home already. Let's go back and check it out.

A. returned

B. will return

C. has returned

D. may have returned

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never get over them. The main problem lies in language itself – words. Single words have little meaning until they are combined into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, or looking back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization – sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called accelerator (加速器), which moves a bar down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization virtually impossible. At first, comprehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skills improved a lot after some training.

1.According to the passage, today many people no longer read for ________.

A. news

B. their work

C. information

D. entertainment

2.Most people can't read and comprehend quickly mainly because ________.

A. they don't read groups of words

B. they don't like to be trained in reading skills

C. they don't realize they have poor reading habits

D. they don't understand words when put together

3.The following are all bad reading habits EXCEPT ________.

A. regression

B. reading for ideas only

C. vocalization

D. word-by-word reading

4.How does an accelerator help people to read?

A. It helps people read at a comfortable speed.

B. It makes people stretch their eyes when reading.

C. It forces people to overcome bad reading habits.

D. It lets people look back over what they have just read.

5.What does "At first, comprehension is sacrificed for speed" (Para. 2, Sentence 4) mean?

A. The reader reads fast, but he understands everything he reads.

B. The reader reads slowly and he understands everything he reads.

C. The reader reads fast without understanding everything he reads.

D. The reader reads slowly, but he doesn't understand everything he reads.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Everybody lies. It may only be "white lies", but everyone tells lies or "omits the truth" sometimes. People start lying at around age 4 to 5 when children gain an awareness of the use and power of language. This first lying is not ill-natured, but rather to find out, or test, what can be controlled in a child's environment. Eventually children begin to use lying to get out of trouble or get something they want. White lies, those told to protect someone's feelings, are not a big deal at all. The person, however, who seems to feel forced to lie about both small and large stuff, has a problem. They lie to protect themselves, look good, gain financially or socially and avoid punishment. A much more troubling group is those who lie a lot, and knowingly, for personal gain. Lying often gets worse with the passage of time. When you get away with a lie, it often forces you to continue your lies.

Why do we dislike liars so much? It's a matter of trust. When people lie, they have broken a bond – an unspoken agreement to treat others as we would like to be treated. Serious lying often makes it impossible for us to trust another person again. Because the issue (问题) of trust is at risk, coming clean about the lie as soon as possible is the best way to mend fences. If the truth only comes out once it is forced, repair of trust is far less likely. As a parent, the most important message you can send to your children about lying is that you always – always – want them to come clean with you. No matter how small a lie they have told, remind them that you would always rather hear the truth, no matter how bad it is, than be cheated. Tell them there is really nothing better in your relationship than

your trust of each other.

6.According to the passage, the worst liars are those who ________.

A. tell white lies

B. feel forced to tell lies

C. lie a lot for personal gain

D. began to lie at a very young age

7.What's the writer's opinion about telling "white lies"?

A. They do not matter too much.

B. They are necessary in our life.

C. They do not cause any problems.

D. They are as bad as any other lies.

8.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. With time passing by, we will forget the lies people tell.

B. When a person lies, he will feel uneasy and stop lying soon.

C. Once a person tells a big lie, we will not trust him any more.

D. If lies are not found out, probably the liar will continue to lie.

9.Why do we dislike liars so much?

A. Because they do not trust others.

B. Because they lie for personal gains.

C. Because they betray our trust in them.

D. Because they lie to avoid punishment.

10.What should you do as a parent when you find your children have lied?

A. Tell them to learn to trust other people.

B. Tell them to explain immediately why they have lied.

C. Ask them to forget about the past and not to lie any more.

D. Make them realize they should always tell the truth.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.

School buildings themselves can show liberal (开明的) or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools had separate classrooms for different grades. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils' desks fastened to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher's desk. Clearly, such schools reflected a teacher-and-subject-centered view of education.

Schools of the next generation had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often

provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to carry out the old-school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, and study of subject matters. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design.

The first school buildings constructed to encourage liberal teaching methods appeared in the

mid-1950s. Folding interior (内部的) walls permitted the flexible use of space to encourage

large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas for team teaching, and centers for programmed instruction.

In the newest buildings called open schools, the use of space is even more flexible. Areas within the buildings can be readily expanded for program changes, and used for many kinds of functions. One should remember, though, the physical layout (布局) of a school cannot decide whether it has the conservative or liberal teaching practices. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.

11.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. School buildings reflect the improvement in education quality.

B. The physical layout of a school should improve teaching practices.

C. School buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education.

D. Teachers' spirit and attitude determines the physical layout of the classroom.

12.What's the biggest difference between the earliest and the second-generation schools?

A. Subjects were newer in the latter as compared with the former.

B. Teaching methods were newer in the latter as compared with the former.

C. Classrooms were laid out formally in the former and informally in the latter.

D. The former had separate classrooms for different grades while the latter didn't.

13.The word "carrel" in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.

A. a room with small space

B. a room with folding walls

C. a room with liberal instructions

D. a room with conservative instructions

14.According to the passage, we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect ________.

A. a subject-centered view of education

B. a student-centered view of education

C. a teacher-centered view of education

D. a practice-centered view of education

15.What of the following is implied in the passage?

A. In the newest teaching buildings, classrooms are much bigger.

B. In the schools of second generation, different grades were put in separate classrooms.

C. In the earliest school classrooms, students' desks were fixed to the floor.

D. Before the mid-1950s, school buildings were built in a conservative way.

Test 2

1.The university decided to increase the ________

of the lecture hall, which has only 200 seats.

A. ability

B. capacity

C. facility

D. faculty

2.Smart phones – with cameras and color screens

– can ________ images and data using wireless

network technology.

A. evolve

B. depart

C. transmit

D. assure

3.Don't take someone you get to know from the

Internet to your house no matter how ________

he sounds.

A. bold

B. genuine

C. flexible

D. available

4.This kind of exercise will ________ your

creativity, renew your energy, and unlock your

potential.

A. bind

B. yield

C. embrace

D. stimulate

5.We teachers do not consider it wise to ________

our students with all sorts of exams, tests and

quizzes.

A. load

B. annoy

C. sample

D. explore

6.I'll be happy to help you, ________ you won't take

up too much of my time.

A. as well as

B. as long as

C. as far as

D. as soon as

7.He makes his students ________ knowledge

through various kinds of interesting activities.

A. study

B. learn

C. achieve

D. acquire

8.For years, scientists have debated the ________

dangers of building another nuclear plant after the terrible accident.

A. available

B. potential

C. fascinating

D. genuine

9.It was a worthwhile attempt ________ it failed to

achieve its purpose that we had hoped for.

A. in the end

B. now that

C. all at once

D. even though

10.Travel in space can be very exciting; ________, it

can also be boring and lonely at times.

A. so

B. however

C. thus

D. therefore

11.Politicians should not ________ in business

affairs that might affect their political judgment.

A. engage

B. embrace

C. depart

D. treasure

12.I wish to ________ a master's degree in electric

engineering after I graduate from college.

A. pledge

B. explore

C. pursue

D. approach

13.There is no greater importance ________

cultivating independence in children.

A. in

B. than

C. of

D. with

14.Don't worry too much, Jane. Your son ________

home already. Let's go back and check it out.

A. returned

B. will return

C. has returned

D. may have returned

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.

What are baseball fans? Baseball fans wear their official team T-shirts and jackets everywhere, sometimes even to work. Then, whenever the team offers a free item, the fans rush to get it. In addition, baseball fans cover the walls of their rooms with their favorite players' pictures. When they go to a game, which they do as often as possible, the true baseball fans put on their team colors, grab their team flags, pin on their team buttons. At the game, these fans form a section, constantly encouraging their favorite players and enthusiastically responding to every cheer flashed on the electronic scoreboard.

Baseball fans, in addition to behaving crazily, are also extremely interested in things of small importance. Every day, they turn to the sports page of the newspaper and study last night's statistics. Their bookshelves are full of books and newspapers with information of their team. They delight in remembering such unimportant facts as who is left-handed and what food their favorite player likes.

Last of all, baseball fans are extremely loyal to the team of their choice. This strong loyalty makes fans dangerous, for anyone who dares to say to a loyal fan that some other team is better could be risking physical damage. Incidents of violence on the baseball field have increased in recent years and are a matter of growing concern.

From mid-October through March, baseball fans are like any other human beings. They pay their taxes, take out the garbage, and complain about the high cost of living or the latest home repair. But when April comes, the colors and radios go on, the record books come off the shelves, and the devotion returns. For the true baseball fan, another season of craziness has begun.

1.According to the passage, which of the following behaviors do baseball fans have?

A. Covering their walls with their team's flags.

B. Going to their team's games as early as they can.

C. Wearing their team's official T-shirts and jackets.

D. Knowing the favorite colors of their team players.

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Baseball fans react passionately when their team gets a score.

B. Baseball fans of a team try to sit together in one area at a game.

C. Baseball fans can remember all the important facts of their favorite players.

D. Baseball fans will go immediately to get a free item that the team gives out.

3.What does the word "loyal" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. crazy

B. devoted

C. friendly

D. reasonable

4.What is the writer's attitude toward "baseball fans are extremely loyal to the team of their choice"?

A. Worried.

B. Delighted.

C. Enthusiastic.

D. Disappointed.

5.According to the passage, when is the baseball season in the year?

A. From March to April.

B. From March to October.

C. From mid-October to March.

D. From April to mid-October.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Some explode with anger, and scream and shout. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.

Many doctors think that repressing anger is more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They say that when a person is angry, the brain gives out the same hormones (荷尔蒙) as that are produced during tense and nervous situations. They speed the heart rate and raise blood pressure, so the person feels excited and ready to act. Repressing these feelings will only make the feelings continue, and this can lead to many medical problems. To prevent these problems, these doctors suggest letting the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some other doctors question this. They say that people who express anger repeatedly and violently become, in fact, more but not less angry. And this could cause medical problems.

However, some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger strongly may be more likely to develop heart diseases, and that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

Doctors say the solution is to learn how to deal with anger. The first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, and then to decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down, and express yourself calmly and reasonably. Doctors also say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry, for laughter is much healthier than anger.

6.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Anger should be dealt with in a proper way.

B. Different people deal with anger in different ways.

C. Doctors suggest dealing with anger by repressing it.

D. The best way to deal with anger is to laugh when angry.

7.According to the passage, which of the following about hormones is correct?

A. Hormones will cause people to get anxious.

B. Hormones will increase when one gets angry.

C. The brain produces hormones when one's blood pressure rises.

D. The brain produces hormones when one has medical problems.

8.Some doctors argue that people who often let the anger out would become ________.

A. stronger

B. more violent

C. angrier

D. more dangerous

9.One correct way to deal with anger is to ________.

A. say nothing no matter how angry you are

B. express anger openly and freely right away

C. express your anger immediately but calmly

D. think about whether it's worth getting angry

10.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Expressing anger by screaming can be as dangerous as repressing anger.

B. Repressing anger is more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it.

C. People may have heart diseases if they don't express their anger right away.

D. People should express anger before looking into the real cause of their anger.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Manners evolved differently in different cultures. In earlier times there was a tendency for manners to become increasingly formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th and 19th centuries having good manners was seen as an important part of one's education and social class, and it was necessary to be taken as a lady or a gentleman to get ahead in the world.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, manners have gradually become more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of the wealthy elite (精英), and private clubs are being gradually replaced by more open meeting places. So the manners of the salon (沙龙) are gradually combining with the manners of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in manners, as can be seen in the following examples.

It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males is once again becoming acceptable. Students in North America often wear baseball caps to class. In many countries the wearing of hats indoors by males was once acceptable even in very polite society, but over the years this became considered as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both the middle and upper classes. The young people who wear hats indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very old cultural tradition.

A comparable development for females is the wearing of jeans. Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home or at work. Some see this as a symbolic declaration that they are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like boys, wear baseball caps both indoors and outdoors.

Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans or sneakers on Fridays (called "dress-down Friday" or "casual Friday"), and others permit it almost all the time. In these companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the bosses by their first names.

11.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Changes of manners over time.

B. Formal manners in the earlier times.

C. Different manners in different cultures.

D. Development of manners in different classes.

12.In the 20th and 21st centuries, _________.

A. manners are not as formal as in the past

B. manners in a pub are getting more and more formal

C. proper clothing is a good indication of good manners

D. rich people no longer behave formally in social gatherings

13.According to the passage, "the manners of the salon" in paragraph 2 most likely refers to

__________.

A. Formal manners of drinking.

B. Informal manners of drinking.

C. Formal manners at social gatherings.

D. Informal manners at social gatherings.

14.According to the passage, nowadays wearing a hat indoors can actually be viewed as _________.

A. a revolution

B. social progress

C. a worsening situation

D. a return to the old tradition

15.According to the author, today wearing hats indoors, and wearing jeans at work mainly indicate that

_________.

A. women are no longer inferior to men

B. people no longer pay attention to dressing details

C. people are getting more relaxed in terms of manners

D. some companies have lower requirements for their employees

Test 3

1.In terms of academic achievement, I was never a

failure, and will definitely ________ in the future.

A. make off

B. make sense

C. make it

D. make up

2.Isaac Asimov was an American author and

professor of biochemistry, best known for his

works of science ________ and for his popular

science books.

A. figure

B. foundation

C. capacity

D. fiction

3.Jane wanted to break up with her boyfriend, but

she ________ herself at the last minute and

decided to give it another try.

A. regretted

B. overwhelmed

C. strained

D. reversed

4.After being set free from prison, the man wished

to ________ and lead a respectable life.

A. straighten up

B. open up

C. keep back

D. toss aside

5.Although his son had done something against his

will, the king welcomed his son ________ open

arms and trust.

A. in

B. by

C. with

6.It ________ for one to complete several revisions

since few people write the first draft perfectly.

A. makes sense

B. slows down

C. opens up

D. signs up

7.He hurried behind the other team members to get

________ their own bus.

A. through

B. in

C. up

D. aboard

8.The impact of culture shock can ________ from

person to person. There can be significant

differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture.

A. strain

B. vary

C. transmit

D. benefit

9.Exercise should include nonstop activity

performed for 30 or more minutes in order to keep the heart rate up. In other words, it should be

done in a(n) ________ way.

A. immense

B. irregular

C. continuous

D. routine

10.All the men jumped ________ their feet as the

captain appeared at the cabin door.

A. on

B. to

C. at

11.When you catch yourself ________ for

something, tell yourself, "Stop."

A. regret

B. to regret

C. regretting

D. regretted

12.If you do not _______ parties, you don't have to

go with me. You can stay at home.

A. care for

B. struggle against

C. put up with

D. make the most of

13.In only one hour, they were already

_______drink, which actually didn't bother me

because I wasn't drinking.

A. ahead of

B. out of

C. in advance of

D. free of

14.It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a

_______ instead of emptying the glass when

toasting with his Chinese host.

A. bite

B. sip

C. spoonful

D. tube

15.The local government never wanted the new

shopping center to be built, and _______.

A. nor the local residents did

B. the local residents didn't

C. nor did the local residents

D. the local residents never did

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Many students choose to study abroad in order to gain international experience. What many of them don't realize, however, is that living in another country for a long period of time may cause moderate to severe feelings of anxiety. Culture shock is the term given to the feelings of loss, surprise, and confusion (困惑) that many people feel when they live abroad. Scientists have noted that everyone experiences culture shock in different ways and for different amounts of time. However, there are four general stages of culture shock that can occur in any order, including excitement, rejection, regression, and recovery.

The first stage of culture shock is typical excitement because the travelers are interested in all of the differences found in the new country. They may be amazed at the beautiful new scenery, enjoy the delicious new food, and simply enjoy experiencing the new sights and sounds. While the excitement stage is fun and exciting, it also ends fairly quickly as the travelers meet difficulty adjusting (适应) to life in the new country.

Because life is so different in the new country, the foreigners experience many unexpected difficulties as they enter the second stage of culture shock, the rejection stage. This is the time when the foreigners begin to feel upset because of the differences, and they may start to complain about the host country.

In the regression stage, the foreigners lovingly remember their home country. They forget about all of the troubles and problems they had in their home country and wish they could return. At this stage, the foreigners will try to regress, or go back, to their home country in some ways.

Once the regression stage passes, they move into the fourth stage, the recovery stage. In this stage, they become used to the new culture. The differences are not new or troublesome anymore, and they begin to accept the customs of the new country and feel more comfortable.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Various periods of culture shock.

B. Four ways to overcome culture shock.

C. Difficulties in facing the culture shock.

D. Differences in people's reaction to culture shock.

2.According to the text, which of the following may NOT be so exciting for a foreigner who just

arrived in a new country?

A. Tasting new food.

B. Seeing new things.

C. Learning new customs.

D. Enjoying beautiful views.

3.At what stage may the foreigners begin to feel annoyed and upset?

A. Rejection.

B. Recovery.

C. Regression.

D. Excitement.

4.What does the word "regression" (Para. 1, Line 7) most probably mean in this passage?

A. Forgetting things that happened in the past.

B. Returning to the previous culture shock stage.

C. Leaving the new country for one's home country.

D. Remembering the good times in one's home country.

5.How do the foreigners feel at the stage of recovery?

A. They finally realize the new culture is better.

B. They no longer feel upset at the new culture.

C. They are happy that all their troubles in their home country are gone.

D. They are more comfortable in the new country than in their home country.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.

If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property (房产), who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in difficult times.

A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may sometimes run across his lawn (草坪), even though you tell them not to. He'll realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he won't make a big fuss (大惊小怪) about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that you'll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard.

A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For example, he asks your permission before doing anything that gets in your way. This means he wouldn't plant a huge tree between your houses without asking how you feel about it. If he wants to put up a fence, he would let you know first. He might work with you to decide where it should be placed.

A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out. He'd give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at his house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime. You would do the same for him. Both of you would help make the other's life easier.

When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will offer to help in any way he can. This could mean something small, like making some food to put in your fridge to feed visiting relatives. Or it could mean something big, like helping you get through the sadness of the funeral.

I think only someone who has experienced a bad neighbor can really appreciate a good one! A good neighbor can be a good friend. He can make a total difference to your life.

6.Why does the author think it lucky for one to have a good neighbor?

A. Because a good neighbor can take good care of you.

B. Because a good neighbor can hardly be found these days.

C. Because a good neighbor can help clean your home.

D. Because a good neighbor can support you in various situations.

7.What does the phrase "in the same vein" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. Similarly.

B. However.

C. Instead.

D. Generally.

8. A good neighbor may complain if _ _.

A. Your children frequently run across his lawn.

B. Some of your trash blows across into his yard.

C. You ask him to let your children visit his house.

D. You want to put up a fence between the houses.

9.According to the passage, which of the following things may a good neighbor help to do?

A. To provide help in holding a funeral.

B. To take away your trash when you forget.

C. To give you a ride to work if your car did not work.

D. To take your children to school when you are at work.

10.According to the passage, how important is a good neighbor to you?

A. A good neighbor can help you avoid awful things.

B. A good neighbor can turn you into a different person.

C. A good neighbor can help you get rid of a bad neighbor.

D. A good neighbor can have an important influence on your life.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.

All parents need to motivate (激励) their kids. Whether it's getting smaller children to eat their dinner or getting a sixth-grader to do homework, getting kids to apply energy to a situation can be a challenge. The traditional way has all-too-often been to shout, threaten, and scold children into action.

But while that approach has some obvious shortcomings, it turns out the opposite way can be harmful, too, according to experts. Some parents simply reward their children too much, which can reinforce (强化) a whole range of negative personalities (性格) and lead to some problematic behaviors.

Children are master observers. And if you continually reward children for doing things, pretty soon they

can develop the opinion that they should only do things if there's a reward or payment involved.

When parents too often reward children for various behaviors, it removes opportunities for children to judge for themselves what's important and necessary – they always have an expert in the form of their parents to tell them what should matter to them. This can hurt their confidence in their own observations.

When children are rewarded too much, they are likely to focus on external (外在的) rewards instead of internal ones – the "What's in it for me?" attitude. And while this may prove to be a practical way to get your children to clean up the mess they made in the living room, it's not always so handy as it grows into adulthood. At that point, this viewpoint can become a great trouble.

By offering a reward anytime a task needs to be done, parents send a message to their kids that the task is unpleasant. But that may not necessarily be the case. Many tasks can be fun for children because kids have endless desire for new experiences and learning. Reward-giving often prevents this natural desire, by taking away their attention with external reinforcement.

11.What does the author say about the two ways used by parents to get kids do things well?

A. The traditional way is not good at all.

B. The traditional way works better on smaller children.

C. Giving frequent rewards is better than the traditional way.

D. Giving frequent rewards may make children form some bad habits.

12.According to the passage, what can be the result of motivating kids with rewards?

A. Kids will learn it is rewarding to do things well.

B. Kids will learn to always turn to experts for advice.

C. Kids will lose their focus on more important matters.

D. Kids will lose their ability to make their own judgment.

13.What does "What's in it for me?" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

A. What good things can I do for others?

B. What expectations do you have for me?

C. What reward can I get from doing this task?

D. What things can I learn from doing this task?

14.According to the author, what message can be sent if parents offer rewards to their children for

every task to be done?

A. The task must be unpleasant.

B. The task must be challenging.

C. The task can give me new experiences.

D. The task can help me to learn something.