雅思作文题目 汇总

一、教育

1、教育应该包括哪些内容？

母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfil both these functions? (050312)

提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。

子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能？大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益？准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？大学要不要扩招？中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？

2、学校的科目谁来选择？(060916)

母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion.

提示：这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。

子题1：政府选课or 老师选课？学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择？

子题2：只有学术科目重要，体育和音乐这样的课不重要，你同意吗？要不要学国际新闻？要不要学历史？要不要中学阶段就学习外语？要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？

提示：子题2与母题联系不大，需要准备这些科目各自的优点。

3、什么样的教学方式最好？(041113, 081023, 100515)

母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

提示：远程教育最大的好处，就在于三个any：anybody, anywhere, any time. 缺点是缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction, 缺乏教师的moral guidance, 因为没有体育课且久坐电脑前，会引发健康问题。

子题：私立学校好不好？留学好不好？要不要分快慢班？小组学习还是单独学习好？

4、谁来为学费买单？

母题：Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefit the students themselves not the society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (100731)

提示：这些话题都有一个共同的特征：高等教育只对学生自己有好处，因此学生应当自行为高等教育买单。这类题目的写法非常有规律，先驳斥这种理由，再交代学生自己支付学费的后果就可以了。

子题：政府要为学生买单吗？（缺点是给政府带来经济负担，这类话题写法和其它政府类话题一样）

5、孩子们要不要参加社会实践？

母题：Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages? (030308, 050514, 090926)

提示：gap year好处就是各种能力的锻炼，缺点就是容易受到社会恶习的影响，误入歧途。

子题：要不要参加无偿社会劳动？要不要毕业去农村锻炼？要不要从小远离父母居住？

6、家庭教育

母题：Some people say that children should obey the rules of their parents and teachers, while other people think children will not be well-prepared for their adult life if they are given too much control. Discuss in both sides and give your opinion. (041120, 100520)

提示：写一下各自的好处就可以了，最后的结论是早年的时候要教授他们明辨是非，对于做错的事情要惩罚，但是也要适可而止让其兴趣爱好得到自由发展。

子题：穷人家的孩子是否早当家？家长是否应该为五岁小孩的犯罪负责？要不要把小孩趁早送到学校去？老师对儿童的智力和社会发展所起的作用大于家长吗？同龄人压力(peer pressure)的利弊？

二、生态环境、自然资源与动物保护

1、动物需要保护吗？

母题：Now many people think that we are spending too much money and time on protecting wild animals. The money should be better spent on human population. Do you agree or disagree?

提示：这类题型采取驳斥的写法来写，先驳斥这是浪费钱，因为在动物上花的钱可以通过发展旅游业来得到补

偿。然后再写动物保护的意义。子题：要不要进行动物实验？要不要把动物关在动物园里？要不要吃动物的肉？人们可以采取什么措施来保护珍稀的动植物物种？

2、环境保护谁来负责？

母题：Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

提示：不管题目怎么出，永远记得国际合作、企业、政府、个人，都可以为环境保护做出自己的努力。所以，你要准备的内容，就是以上四个方面可以做的事情。

子题：个人能不能保护环境？个人不能保护环境，只有政府大公司才能，同意吗？公司和个人，而不是政府，可以保护环境，同意吗？很多人知道环境保护很重要，但是自己却不采取任何行动，这是为什么？

3、垃圾问题怎么办？

母题：Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away”culture, because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem? (050806)

提示：这道题目应该围绕“一次性文化”产生的原因、后果和解决方法来展开。原因：对于方便、卫生的追求。后果：破坏水源、污染土地、污染空气。解决方法：三个R：reduce, reuse, recycle。

子题：消费品的增加会导致自然环境的破坏，原因和解决方法是什么？

4、自然资源如何保护？

母题：Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries. But in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development? (090530)、

提示：这道题目问的是新能源alternative energy的优缺点。优点：取之不尽用之不竭inexhaustible，更环保environmentally-friendly, 缺点：核能nuclear power会引发安全事故，水能hydropower会破坏生态环境upset the ecological balance, 太阳能solar power 成本太高，风能wind power会产生次声波污染infrasonic wave. 子题：淡水资源如何保护？是什么原因导致了石油、森林和淡水资源的紧张，如何解决？解决环境问题的最佳方法是提高石油的价格吗？

5、交通工具

母题：One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

提示：这道题目是经典老题，多次在雅思考试中出现。题目中的理由有明显的逻辑漏洞，因为飞机承载的乘客数量和行驶的距离要远大于汽车，因此先驳斥理由，再讲飞机被禁止的后果（旅游业，物流业将会遭到重创）就可以了。

子题：汽车会带来哪些问题？廉价航空是否应当被推广？

6、食品安全

母题：Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (080712)

提示：工厂化农业factory farming提高了农产品的产量，但也祸害无穷。比如大规模喷洒化学肥料chemical fertiliser和农药pesticide，集中式养殖battery farming会侵害动物权利，也使得肉类安全受到威胁。转基因食品genetically modified food虽然改善了食物的品质和产量，但是破坏生态平衡，对人体健康构成潜在的威胁。

子题：长距离运输（空运）食品的好坏，科技改变食品的好坏。注意：本题是一个边缘话题，不能完全归类到环保类下。比如长距离运输食品与全球化类话题可以结合，科技改善食品可以与科技类话题结合。

三、科技与发明

1、现代通讯科技

母题1：People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects of this on individuals and society as a whole?

提示：这道题目是经典的科技类话题，因为这道“无脸化交易”的题目浓缩了网络购物、电视购物、网络银行，ATM自助银行、手机银行、电话会议、视频会议等多种话题，是大家必写的话题之一。

母题2：Many employees may work at home with the modern technology. Some people claim that it can benefit only the workers, not the employers. Do you agree or disagree?

提示：“远程上班”telecommute也是一个重点话题，对于员工和雇主当然都有好处。

2、现代媒体（电视、电脑、手机）

母题1：Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be valuable for children. Others believe this has negative effects on a child. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (080110)

提示：这道话题涵盖了电视、视频和电脑游戏的好处与坏处，可以多练习。

母题2：There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?

提示：这道题目是手机类话题的经典题目，从社会、健康、科技三个角度来展开，范围很广。

子题：要不要鼓励儿童看电视？看电视和玩游戏对小孩、家庭和社会有什么影响，怎样解决？电脑不能帮助儿童学习，只会造成身心伤害，你同意吗？如何鼓励老年人使用手机和电脑？手机对于个人和社会的好处与坏处是什么？

3、替代类话题

母题：Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Others believe that it is a waste of money since people can access the Internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. (120112)

提示：这道题目入选母题是因为它结合了科技、文化和政府三大话题，非常值得一练。不过考虑到2012年1月12日刚刚考过，最近几个月再考的概率不会很大了。子题：图书馆要不要提供高科技媒体诸如电脑软件和DVD？网络是否会取代博物馆和美术馆？手机和电脑正在逐渐取代书信，你同意吗？机器（机器人）取代人类工作，利弊如何？网络教育是否会取代传统课堂？（提示：这部分话题与教育类话题结合，已被归入教育类）4、其它科技话题（与社会、生活类话题结合）

题目：飞机旅行只对富人有好处吗？现代科技使人们失去创造力吗？科技发展造成负面影响了吗？科技发展是否拉大了贫富差距？早起的科技是否比现在的科技影响更大？科技改变了人们之间的关系了吗？科技造成环境污染/使我们的生活变得更加复杂，我们是否要告别科技，过简单的生活？

提示：对于拉大贫富差距这个话题，可以网上搜索一下digital divide这个关键词。

四、媒体与广告

1、新闻与媒体母题：News media is more influential nowadays. Some people think it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (090822)

提示：之所以选择这道题目做母题是因为它涵盖的范围最广，可以写报纸、电视、网络。围绕这些媒体的好处和坏处写一篇文章，顺便思考一下下面的几道子题，那么这部分的话题就可以搞定了。

子题：报纸要比其它媒体更有影响力，你同意吗？网上的信息不准确，你同意吗？我们是否应该相信记者，一个合格的记者应当具备什么样的品质？

2、媒体审查制度(111029)

母题：Nowadays, films and computer games containing violence are popular. Some people think those films and games have negative effects on society and should be banned, while others think they are just harmless relaxation. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

提示：这道题目正好概括了媒体审查制度赞成者和反对者的观点。好处是对避免青少年的模仿，降低社会暴力，坏处是破坏了影片的娱乐性，对于新闻的审查则侵犯了人们的知情权和媒体的言论自由。

子题：政府应该控制电影和电视中的暴力来降低社会中的犯罪，你同意吗？要不要严格控制媒体对于犯罪细节的报道？电视节目向公众展现灾难性的画面对个人和社会有何影响？

3、广告

母题：We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives. Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects? (041016, 110625)

提示：这道题目是广告类话题中最经典的，因为这道题目的范围最广。这道题目写成双边，好处是给消费者提供信息，促进经济发展，带动就业，坏处是欺骗误导消费者，误导儿童模仿，扰乱生活。

子题：广告是否会扼杀个性，使人们看起来都一样？针对儿童的广告有何利弊？针对儿童的广告是否应当被禁止？广告应当被禁止，因为它只有坏处没有好处，你是否同意？

五、政府与城市化

1、个人与政府

母题：Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

提示：关于政府与个人这类话题，肯定是些政府和个人都应当分担责任。

子题：政府要不要为个人的医疗和健康买单？个人不要向国家缴税，你同意吗？公民除了纳税以外还有别的方

法来尽社会责任吗？捐助是应该直接捐助给当地社区，还是给国家和国际性慈善组织？人们是否只应当关心当地和本国的人，而不是整个世界的人？

2、政府应当投资吗？

母题：Some people say arts such as music and painting cannot directly improve the quality of people’s life, so the government shouldn’t put money on art such as music and painting, instead, they should spend more money on construction of public services. Do you agree or disagree?

提示：政府投资类的话题几乎全都是交叉类话题，分别与教育（谁应该为学费买单）、艺术、科技、健康等话题结合。这类题目的写法大同小异，好处就是围绕各自的交叉来写，如促进教育、艺术、科技的发展，促进公民的健康，等等，而坏处都是一样的：浪费政府的有限的财政lavish the tight budget of the government，或者说给政府造成了沉重的经济负担impose a heavy financial burden on the government.

子题：政府不应当投资修建剧院、体育馆，而是医疗和教育，你同意吗？艺术家应该是政府资助，还是其他来源资助？政府应当资助本土电影吗？科学研究应该被政府而不是小公司来进行，你同意吗？体育队应该由政府还是非政府来源来赞助？个人健康是否应当由非营利性公司来运营？政府应当投资修建道路吗？举办奥运会的利与弊？

3、城市化与城乡差别

母题：In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities and into regional areas. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

提示：城市化的发展带来了一系列的问题，而最有效的方法就是把公司和工厂搬迁到局部地区（郊区），进行人口导入。这虽然给城市的居住环境有很大的改善，但也会造成一定的负面影响。

子题：城市化会带来哪些问题，如何解决，是否要鼓励人们住在郊区？城市化会给年轻人带来什么问题，如何解决？是否只有政府才能解决住房短缺问题？城市规划者把商店、学校、办公楼、居民区集中在一起，有何利弊？市中心的商店生意惨淡，人们开车去郊区的商店，有何利弊？城乡差别产生的原因是什么，如何缩小差距？

六、社会与家庭

1、男女应该平等吗？母题：Nowadays, some workplaces tend to employ equal numbers of men and women workers. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (110115)

提示：这种想法貌似合理，但是男女特质不同，各自有自己的擅长，如果一味地追求数量平等，反而是一种不公平。

子题：大学的每门课是否应当招收相同数量的男女学生？男女特质不同，因此有些工作适合男性有些适合女性，你同意吗？女性是否应当参军？女性领导人是否会减少暴力冲突？父母是否都应该应当照顾小孩？

2、人口结构与老龄化

母题1：In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society? (060211,111008)

提示：经典母题，人口老龄化ageing population的利与弊。11年10月刚考过。

母题2：Some people believe that in order to give opportunities to the new generation, companies should encourage high level employees who are older than 55 to retire. Do you agree or disagree? (030712, 030809)提示：03年的老题，但是仍然有练习的价值。

子题：为什么对老年人不够尊重，会对社会造成什么影响？在一些国家，15岁以下的人口日益增加，对将来和未来有何影响？

3、其它社会问题

题目：贫富差距正在扩大，会导致哪些问题，如何解决？为什么越来越多的人寻找自己家族的历史，这是好是坏？一些慈善组织和机构建立一些节日，诸如儿童节、无烟日，他们为什么要这样做，影响是什么？

七、犯罪与法律

1、青少年犯罪

母题：In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening? How should children or teenagers be punished? (100804)提示：青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 产生的原因及其解决方法。可从家庭、社会、媒体三个角度分析。子题：很多年轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决？犯罪是人类本性，还是可以预防的？

2、犯罪预防

母题：Unlike in most other countries, police in the UK do not commonly carry guns. Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected. But others think it reduces the overall violence in our society. Discuss both sides of the view and give your opinion. (040320, 040619)

提示：这道题目当之无愧地成为母题，因为这道话题自从2010年9月起已经成为了雅思口语话题中的题目。11年8月20日，这道题目以变题的形式再一次出现在雅思写作中。

子题：是否应该严惩违反交规者？城市中采取预防犯罪的措施，利大于弊吗？个人如果为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗？犯罪是世界问题，无法预防，你同意吗？

3、罪犯惩

母题：Sending criminals to prison is not the best method of dealing with them. Education and job training are better ways to help them. Do you agree or disagree? (050618, 080918)

提示：其实囚禁imprisonment和再教育都是一种让囚犯改造rehabilitate的方法。还有community service对于轻犯和初犯都是一种不错的惩处方式。

子题：监狱除了惩罚犯罪，还有什么功能？降低犯罪的最佳方法是延长监狱星期吗？刑满释放人员再犯罪率很高，为什么，如何解决？你认为罪犯应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些技能？

八、文化、语言、旅游、全球化

1、文化融合与差异

母题：Multi-cultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (060825)

提示：多元文化multiculturalism的好处是促进文化的融合，鼓励思维的多样性，带动社会创新。而缺点则可能导致文化同化cultural assimilation，会导致民族间的cultural conflict.

子题：游客是否应当遵守当地的风俗习惯，还是应该让当地人接受文化差异？外来移民应该接受当地文化还是作为一个独立的群体过不同的生活？

2、语言应当受到保护吗？

母题1：Every year several languages die out. Some people think that it is not important and that life will be made easier if there are few languages in the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (041030)

提示：尽管语言单一性语言与文化息息相关，语言的灭绝就是人类文化多样性cultural diversity的丢失。语言就是一种思维方式，语言的消失就意味着人类将会失去一种思维模式thinking pattern，失去一种认识世界的角度perspective to recognize the world.

子题：语言和文化消失的原因是什么，如何预防？（提示：全球化）把英语作为一种全球通用语言好不好？学习一个地区的语言是否要同时学习它的文化？要不要创造一门新的语言来便利人们的交流？（提示：世界语Esperanto）政府是否应该投资保护语言？（提示：与政府类话题结合）

3、国际旅游业是好是坏？

母题：International tourism has become a huge industry in the world. Do the problems of international travel outweigh its advantages? (060520)

提示：这道题目入选母题是因为它范围很广。建议大家在准备这道题的时候借鉴一下子题提供的思路，这样就可以不怕任何变题了。

子题：国际旅游业带来了理解，还是不同文化之间的冲突？国际旅游业是破坏当地的文化传统，还是拯救传统？为什么很多发展中国家发展旅游业，有何利弊？国际旅游业使人们更加有偏见prejudiced而不是心胸宽广broad-minded，为什么，如何增进对旅游国的了解？现在世界各地的景色都大同小异，为什么，利大于弊吗？现在在电视上和网上也能看了解国家的信息，因此没必要旅游了，你同意吗？（提示：与科技类话题结合）外国游客是否应当被征收比当地游客更高的费用？

4、要不要保护老建筑？

母题：Some people think that too much money has been spent looking after and repairing old buildings, so we should knock down old buildings and build modern ones instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (110428)

提示：要不要花钱保护老建筑？这类话题和语言类话题、教育类话题中的“要不要学习历史”这道题目类似，因为建筑也是历史的见证者，保存历史建筑就能够让后人了解到先人的文化，了解历史才能帮助人们更好地把握将来。

子题：是否要把新的建筑建成传统的样式来保护文化文化认同感cultural identity？建筑物的实用价值要比美观更重要，因此建筑师不用操心把建筑物建成艺术作品，你同意吗？

5、艺术题目：艺术可以告诉我们哪些科技不能告诉我们的东西？音乐仅仅是一种个人娱乐，还是有其它角色？

6、经济与文化全球化

母题1：The spread of multinational companies and the resulting increase of globalization produce positive effects to everyone. Do you agree or disagree? (120209)

母题2：As global trade increases, many goods, even some daily goods, are exported to another country, which includes

long-distance transport during shipping. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (081204)

母题3：Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion. (040821, 051029)

提示：以上三道题目分别对应经济、贸易和文化的全球化。全球化是一把双刃剑，正反双方的论据大家都要充分准备好。

子题：现在人们喜欢住在物价低廉的地区，利大于弊吗？社会从国际旅游和国际商业中得到好处了吗？发展中国家是否应该邀请发达国家来开公司，还是只发展本土公司？接触国际媒体，诸如电影、电视和杂志，有何影响，利弊如何？国家之间的差距越来越小，因为人们共享同样的电影、音乐、品牌、电视，利大于弊吗？

7、国际合作

母题：Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty, so rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (090207)

提示：“授人以鱼”和“授人以渔”，如何选择？

子题：应该给予发展中国家经济上的帮助还是一些实用的建议？随着人类面临的问题增多，国际关系变得日益重要，同意与否？

九、职业发展与生活方式

1、职业发展

母题：As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? (061028)

提示：工作满意度是一个很复杂的话题，不仅包括合理的薪酬，合理的工作时间、良好的工作环境、工作保障与福利、与上司同事的人际关系，等等。当然，让所有人实现工作满意也不现实，只能让用人单位和雇员双方都采取努力去尽力实现。

子题：跳槽和搬家好不好？做临时工好不好？工作满意度和长期的工作哪个好？要不要立法限制工作时间？要不要因为年龄而拒绝求职者？近年来工作条件发生了改变，为什么，人们如何准备未来的工作？很多人忙于工作，没有时间陪家人朋友，为什么，会对家庭生活和社会造成什么影响？医生、护士、老师是否应该比体育和娱乐界的明星收入更高？

2、政府要不要确保个人过健康的生活？

母题：Some people think the governments should act to decide how people live in order to make a healthier life. Others think individual should decide their own lifestyle. What do you concern about? Discuss both views and give your opinion. (100417)

提示：优点是确保个人健康，缺点是侵犯个人自由。解决方式就是政府应当通过加强宣传，提高民众健康意识。子题：要不要立法禁烟？（提示：解决之道在于吸烟自由，但在公共场所立法禁烟确保他人健康）要不要教育人们不要吃快餐？要不要确保人们过健康的生活方式？个人应该把照顾自己的健康作为对社会的义务而不是个人利益，你同意吗？政府应该花钱确保人们健康而不是治疗已经生病的人，你同意吗？增加体育设施能改善公众健康吗？政府应当禁止危险体育运动吗？体育运动对于社会重要吗，还是只是娱乐活动

十、抽象

1、竞争与合作哪个好？

题目：应当教育儿童竞争还是合作？竞争如何影响个人的，是利是弊？从团队运动比单独运动能学到更多的技能，同意与否？

2、现在与未来哪个更重要？

母题：Many people are optimistic of the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you share their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century? (050521, 090723) 提示：这道貌似抽象的话题其实可以化身为具体的话题，与我们之前准备过的环保、社会、犯罪类话题结合起来。比如新世纪我们会遇到环境污染、全球变暖、动物灭绝、资源短缺、人口过剩、犯罪率上升等多重问题。子题：人们在哪些领域取得了进步，哪些领域仍需进步？为什么将来比现在更加重要？

3、个人品质

题目：与生俱来的性格和生活中的经历哪个更主要？要不要回到一个没有贪婪与自私，而是尊重老人和传统的美好世界去？体育中的成功仅仅取决于体能吗，还是有心理因素？经济上的成就一定会带来幸福吗？老年人的观念是否有帮助？年轻人要不要遵守社会传统观念，还是自由成长？

4、社会观念

题目：经济实力是衡量国家的成功的唯一因素吗？人们挑衣服的时候越来越讲究时尚，是好是坏？现在人们用东西用完就扔，为什么，会导致什么影响？（提示：原因部分是社会价值观，影响部分与环保类话题中“一次性的文化”联系）发展中国家的人要比发达国家更快乐，为什么？经济发展会导致社会价值的丢失吗？

1. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

2. The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people from using cars?

3. In many places shopping is becoming a free-time activity, replacing the traditional hobbies of the past. Discuss the reasons for this development. Is this development positive or negative?

4. In the past, people used to travel to see the difference from their home country. However, the sceneries in places around the world seem similar nowadays. What are the causes of these similarities? Do you think that the advantages of this similarity outweigh the disadvantages?

1.It is believed that people who read for pleasure can develop better imagination and language skills than people who prefer to watch TV.?

2. Caring for children is probably the most important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take the childcare training courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement? (9月12日09年三大议论文难题

3. Crime is a problem all over the world and there is nothing that can be done to prevent it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

.1. Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?

It is believed that the basic mission of universities is to conduct research and provide education based on it. First, a good command of basic knowledge lays a solid foundation for other courses. Second, through basic and theoretical courses, students can learn to improve their self-study as well as problem-solving ability.On the other hand, university education should also prepare students for their future employment. As the employment competition is growing fierce, graduates have to learn skills to adjust themselves to the requirement.

Moreover, university provides the students with environment where they can deal with some problems that they will meet in their future career.

2. In many countries the number of elderly people is increasing fast. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?Admittedly, older people often have time to offer for the benefit of family and community.However, population ageing bring about serious economic and social problems for both family and government.

3. One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a cars uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

As is vividly depicted in the picture, ，which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts.(2)The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that unbelievably, ，(3)Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon of主题which seems to be disastrous to individual survival and prosperity. (4)This phenomenon of主题should be condemned severely or made illegal. (5)There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.

(1) To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon, several serious effects have been put forward. (2)To begin with,主题not only results does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in a frustrating and humiliating life.

(3)In addition, nothing is more harmful than主题to contradict with a harmonious society. (4)Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as 主题to increase family burdens, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see. (5)No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below . (6)According to a survey made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull life or even feel loss of hope about the future. (7)If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future of something.

(1)From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to prevent主题. (2)On the one hand, we should be sensible to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something. (3)On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the importance of saving somebody out of the evil hands of destruction. (4)However, it is easier said than done. (5)Although the fight against it is long-standing and tremendous one,our efforts will eventually pay off.(6) Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.

广告与媒体问题

Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?

Television screens, newspapers, buses, and almost all city streets are flooded by all kinds of advertisements. This has both advantages and disadvantages to consumers who are unavoidably influenced, though the degrees vary from person to person.

Because of the advertisements placed by many competing companies, consumers are able to learn about certain new products rapidly. If a product happens to be what some consumers need, they might be attracted to make a purchase and have trial use. If it turns out to be really good, people would set about recommending it to friends and the sales of this product will go up very quickly. So, we see this is a win-win situation both to consumers and manufacturers and we also see that consumers are not just influenced profoundly all at once. It takes time for them to establish faith in the advertised products.

In most cases, the advertised products are good and worth buying. But there are also cases where the effects or functions of a certain product are much exaggerated and it will definitely fool some people when they are attracted all at once and go to buy it. Since a product can only win the market through its quality and its long established fame, there’s every reason to believe that those fake or much exaggerated products will ev entually lose their market shares and die out. Thus, we see that the market is selective and consumers are sensible in the long term.

In developed countries, there are strict censorship and supervising systems regarding advertising. If the advertisement put up by a company fails to honor the advertised effects, it would be termed as fraud, thus violating the law which could lead to really serious result. In most cases, the manufacturing company would be fined so heavily that it would be difficult for it to survive any longer.

From the foregoing discussion, we can see that advertisements influence consumers both favorably and unfavorably and the degrees of this influence differ from person to person. To protect consumers, governments can follow the practice of developed countries by enforcing really strict censorship and supervising laws in regard to advertising as a whole.

三个题目搞定开头段：快餐还是传统食物那个更重要？开头段

Associating with the accelerating urbanization and fast-paced living styles, the past half century has witnessed the persuasive and pervasive proliferation of fast food especially in metropolises. Relying on its convenience and flexibility to those who are frequently occupied over their work schedule, it has dominated/seized a stable and constantly enlarging proportion in the dieting market. A controversy that whether the traditional food has lost its status has triggered a spirited argument. A closer observation is required,

家里好还是养老院更好？

The increasingly accelerated aging population has posed a unavoidable menace to social harmony, which is expected to be more worsening in the ensuing years However, the caring houses have correspondingly mushroomed. So controversial is the issue that whether the caring house or home is more suitable for the elderly's settlement. From the angle of my perspective, the old men's clubs, as a decent practice to address the matter of aging society, should be encouraged.

3. 政府要不要提供免费服务帮助职业女性带小孩？

The past decade has witnessed the increasingly intensified stress and continuously/constantly quickening living pace in the society, which lead to more and more women have started their career life for either financial independence or the family status/supporting. Well-known/Universal is the controversy that whether should the government assume/undertake the responsibility of caring career women's babies for the sake of stress easing for these women. As regard to this issue, as far as I am concerned, a detailed analysis should be required

文化历史与交友问题

What famous place would you like to visit? Use details and reasons to support your response.

Different people might choose to visit different places due to their different places of birth, family conditions, relevant experiences, and even different levels of education. People who were born in New York are less likely to be interested in New York any more for the simple reason that everything is just too familiar already. Children from less well-off families might find it difficult to afford a visit to a faraway place. Those who have been working in Tokyo for years are surely looking forward to touring around places out of town. Places with numerous sites of historical interest may not be so appealing to people with only a primary school education. Things are just like this in our real life. With all as pects considered, the most desirable place that I can think of going to at present is Xi’an in China for the simple reason that I have never been yet.

环境资源和交通问题

The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars?

The fast increase in the number of cars have brought along many related problems which are well worth our greatest attention.

First of all, urban traffic is getting from bad to worse. I’d like to cite my own experience as an example. Five years ago, it took me about 30 minutes to drive from home to office. One year later, I needed to spend about 40 minutes on the way. Then two years later, I had to start out from home at least 1 hour earlier in order to get to my office on good time for work. And then, since last year, it has just been too normal for me to spend about one and half hours to make it. The traffic just moves like a worm!

Second, with the ever growing number of cars, air quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. We used to see clear blue sky and breathe fresh air, but now this would be a real luxury. Car exhaust has seriously polluted the air and peop le’s health is greatly endangered. It seems certain that we human bei ngs have already made a fatal mistake that could only be remedied by bringing down the number of cars hugely.

Sure, we can not deny the fact that cars have brought us speed, comfort and greater mobility. However, these have already been history. We are suffering much more from cars than benefiting from them. Our health conditions are going down rapidly both due to the polluted air that we have to breathe every second and our lack of exercise as a result of the ever increasing amount of time we have to spend behind the wheel!

What can we do? From the foregoing discussion, I’m sure we have already found a solution: to discourage people to use cars! I know very well that science and technology are also developing very fast and there might be better solutions coming up in the fu ture, but, before that, let’s first salvage ourselves in such a passive way!

把大型公司搬到农村地区不但会产生环境污染而且还会造成资源的浪费。

Transferring the large-scale corporations attached with their employees to outskirts, however, may not only give rise to the newly-generated environmental contamination for the rural ambiance, but also yield prodigality for repetitive workshop construction.

不管怎样年轻人的大部分时间要么花在被加班上要么花在人际交往应酬，甚至都没有时间跟老人们在一起吃饭，更别说一个近距离的交谈了。

Nevertheless, a majority of young people's time are either consumed by overtime work or are digested at tables of social network building, even with no time for the dinner with the old men, let alone for a close talk.

大家都会认为大学毕业生更有创造力和革新精神前所未有的挑战和考验,无疑，这将会给公司注入新鲜血液和长足发展的动力。

The newly-graduated students are, however, expected to be more creative and innovative, and prone to adjust themselves to adapt the unprecedented challenges and ordeals，which, little wonder, serves as the injection the fresh blood to the corporation and propeller for its moving onward in the long term.

4. 如果政府免费资助宝宝的话，女人就会没有了照顾孩子的后顾之忧，还可以全心全意的投入到工作中，这样不论是对一个公平的职场竞争环境还是升职都会有帮助。

Governments to subsidize the babies for free, women's vexation upon children care could be transformed into concentration upon work, which will definitely exert an positive impact on either the equality for competitive milieu or the prospect for career promotion.

5. 用竞争为目的的理念教育小孩不但能够让孩子们的优势最大限度开发，还能开发他们的潜能。竞争意味着淘汰最差的，选出第一名。我们都能认同的一个事实是竞争能够积极地推动学生对获得知识的渴望和灵感。

To educate the students with an philosophy of competing-orientation could not only optimize the students' advantageous strengths but also be beneficial for their potential digging. Competing means to eliminate the worst and to encourage the

production of the first-rank winner. Universally ackonwledged is the fact that competition could, positively and powerfully, serve as a forceful engine that spurs the students' longing and inspiration for lore gaining.

6. 对一个国家文化的学习能够推动学生对语言的学习。大家都有一个共同的认知那就是文化是语言存在和繁衍的温床，并且语言很多文字也能反射文化本身的外延和内涵。Culture learning could serve as catalysis for language study. A universal cognition is that culture is, frequently and largely, regarded as the breeding ground for language existence and siring, and reversely, characters in languages may mirror the semblance and implication （extension and intention）of culture itself.

7. 保护野生动物避免灭绝有其不可动摇和替代的理由，其中一个就是维护生态系统的平衡和完整。我们知道，生态链的任何部分都会对整个自然系统的良性运行发挥重要影响。任何链节的减少或者消亡都会对这个链节的上一个或者下一个产生威胁，最后导致整条链的破坏和瓦解--进而产生连锁反应破坏生物的多样性。Shielding the wild animals from extinction do have its unshakable and irreplaceable grounds, one of which could be universally recognized as maintaining the completeness and balance of ecological system. As is granted, any section in the ecological chain contribute heavily to/exert a positive impact on the sound running of the natural system. Either the fading or dying of any sector could correspondingly impose an menace on the part below or above, consequently, to result in the breakdown or collapse of the whole chain--incurring a ruin as chain reaction to vandalize biodiversity.

8. 尽管理财教育能给孩子们带来如上所述的好处，但是我们还是不能忽视这个教育与生俱来的缺点，那就是无意识地将孩子们学习的重心从理财转移到了一切以钱为中心Merits illustrated above as the financial courses could offer for the children,(Merits as the children could get access to from the financial courses at school) yet, we should not lose sight of the demerits associating with itself, which unconsciously migrate the emphasis from financial programming to money worshipping.

9. 值得一提的是不断加剧的生态系统的污染深深影响水短缺问题。说的具体一些，当前大量的工厂废水排放到原本清澈的河水湖水中后，严重地影响了水资源质量。It might be noted that the constantly intensive deterioration of ecosystem plays a pivotal role for water scarcity. Specifically, currently a vast number of factories have been discharging the contaminated liquid into the primitively pure rivers and lakes, which fiercely undermine the quality of water resources.

11. 目前很多发展中国家都在争论到底是先发展经济还是教育

At present, quite a number of developing countries always find themselves caught in a dilemma that whether they should regard the development of industrial skills or the promotion of education as their priority.

12. 他们相信对比提高教育而言，加强经济建设能够更快赢得经济回报They believe that compared with promoting education, laying stress on industry brings immediate economic return for developing countries more directly.

13. 一个只注重经济发展国家，由于缺少教育，很有可能遭遇推动经济前进的人才荒。

A country that fully concentrates on the improvement of industrial skills, due to the lack of effective education, is likely to suffer from a huge lack of talents who have the ability to propel the society further forward.

大多数非洲国家都处于次人类生活水平的环境因为极度的贫穷，动乱，饥饿，疾病，失业和缺乏教育和没有经验，腐败的政权。

Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations.

15. 教育专家已经花费了数年时间在研究结果和汇编的数据上，试图找到大学主要功能之所在的答案。Education experts have spent years poring over surveys and compiling data, trying to come up with conclusive evidence as to the main function of a university.

16. 家长们坚持支持他们的孩子在大学读书，就是为了能够在将来找到一份体面工资的工作。

Parents have been investing in their children’s college studie s in hope that they will earn a decent job with stable salary.

17. 所以有人呼吁大学教育更要以求职为目标，因为通过这种方法不但可以提升就业率还可以让学生为了一个将来的好的职业得到激励。Some people thus have called for universities to be more vocation-oriented because that way not only the graduates’ employment rate s would be enhanced but the students be motivated for being given an opportunity to succeed in their future professions.

18. 另外，无可否认没有人可以取代母亲照顾小孩的角色。政府也不能扮演保姆的角色。临床学和心理学都证明母性的喂养会胜过任何其他形式的照顾。Besides, there is no denying that no one can replace the maternal role in attending the children. Nor can the government act as a babysitter. It is clinically and psychologically believed that the motherhood nurturing outweigh any other frames of professional nursing.