初中英语八种时态大全 最新版

八种时态

一、一般现在时：

概念：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。

用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B) 经常性、习惯性动作。常与频率副词连用。

Eg.：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）

C) 客观事实和普遍真理。

Eg. The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)

Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)

D) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示―来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续‖等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

Eg.The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

Eg.How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）

E) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。

Eg.：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话)

If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, e very week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

1 We often _____ (play) in the playground.

2 _____Mike_____ (read) English everyday?

3 Mike sometimes______ (go) to the park with her sister.

4 She usually _____ (watch) TV at 7 o’clock.

把下列句子变为否定句和一般疑问句。

It is a fine day today.

否定句：

一般疑问句：

肯定回答：

否定回答：

Jill’s father works in a factory.

否定句：

一般疑问句：

肯定回答：

否定回答

LHB and LHS share the same room.

否定句：

一般疑问句：

肯定回答：

否定回答

Her daughter is very young.

否定句：

一般疑问句：

肯定回答：

否定回答

Geography and physics are my favorite subjects.

改错：

Kitty have a good friend. Her name is Alice. They are both eleven years old. They live in the same housing estate, but in different blocks. Kitty live in Block 1 and Alice lives in Block 2.

Kitty and Alice usually goes to school together. Sometimes they likes to eat their lunch together and share their food. They always play together after school. They is happy to be together.

二、一般过去时：不规则动词表

概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, the other day etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。a. 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态

Eg.He left for Beijing yesterday morning.

他昨天上午到北京去了。

She wasn't at home last night.

她昨晚上在家。

Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon?

你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？

b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

I got up very early at that time.

我那时总是起得很早。

Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school.

玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。

练习：

1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.

3. We (have) a party last Halloween.

4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.

9. I______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.

10. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

11. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up the picture last night.

13. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.

14. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?

15. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

16. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.

17. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

18. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

改错题

1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________

2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________ 3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________ 4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________ 5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________ 变换句型。

1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

2. He cleaned his room just now.. （划线提问）

What________ he _______?

3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）

Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.

4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）

________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

三、现在进行时：

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构：am/is/are+doing

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

用法：

a．现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。

Who are you waiting for?

你在等谁？

He knows that we are helping him now.

他知道我们现在正在帮助他。

b．在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。

The students are working on the farm there days.

这些天学生们正在农场劳动。

c．在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。

He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。

Mary is arriving her e at 4 o’clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。

注意：

1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。

Stop, I am thinking.

停下来，我正在想问题呢。

2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。

He is jumping up and down.

他一下一下地跳个不停。

3)与always, continually, constantly，forever等连用表示经常性反复性的动作表示某种感情色彩。

She is always changing her clothes.

He is always doing things for other people

She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.

【注意】不用于现在进行时的动词

①表感觉、感官的动词。See、hear、smell、taste、feel.

This cake smells wonderful.

②表爱憎的动词。Like、love、dislike、hate、adore、mind、prefer、

③表希望、意愿。Want、wish、desire

④表知道、相信、猜想、理解。Know、believe、think、doubt、understand、wonder

-The phone is ringing.

-I know, I heard it.

⑤表拥有、含有、所有Own、contain、belong to、have

【练习】写出下列词的现在分词

play__________run__________swim__________make_________go_________

like___________write_________ski____________read__________have_______ sing__________dance________put___________see___________buy________

love__________live__________take___________come_________get________

stop_________ sit __________ begin_________ shop__________

1. Look! These boys _____ happily in the swimming pool.

A are dancing

B are swimming

C were singing

D have swum

2. She _____ (talk) about her new school at the moment.

3. The Browns _____ (watch) TV now.

My father always __________(come) back from work very late.

4. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day.

5. -Tom is leaving for Disneyland for a holiday.

-Really? When____ he _____?

A has gone

B is leaving

C did leave

D does go

5. - Let’s go shopping, shall we?

- Sorry, I can’t. I _____ my clothes.

A have washed

B washed

C am washing

D wash

6. Listen! the phone _____. Please go to answer it.

A is ringing

B rings

C rang

D did ring

7. Who _____ over there now?

A. singing

B. are sing

C. is singing

D. sing

8. It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.

A.have

B.having

C.is having

D.are having

9. Listen! The baby ____ in the next room.

A. crying

B. cried

C. is crying

D. cries

10. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.

A. are wearing

B. wearing

C. are wear

D. is wearing

11. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.

A. is sleeping

B. are sleeping

C. sleeping

D. sleep

12.The twins usually ___ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim ____ some coffee for it.

A. have/ have

B. have/ has

C. has/ have

13. My father always __________(come) back from work very late.

14. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day.

四、过去进行时：

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

1）构成

过去进行时由be动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。

2）用法

a. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were expecting you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等待。

b. 过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如：

Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。

c. 过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如：

-- Have you finished your homework, Mary? 玛丽，你作业做完了吗？

-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday. 还没呢，我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨房干活。d. 过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：

I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike. 我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。

e. 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如：

I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it. 我本该今天早上给他写信的，后来全给忘了。

I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。

He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。

一般过去时和过去进行时的区别

（1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：

I was sixteen yesterday old last year. 我去年16岁。

He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。

I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。

He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。

（2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that

when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。

What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？

I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。

I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。

（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：

I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。

注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：

She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）

She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）

1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.

2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.

3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.

4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.

5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.

6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).

7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.

8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she _____ _____ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).

9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.

10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl.

1. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.

2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing.

3. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV.

4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio.

5. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.

6. _____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?

No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.

7. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school? Yes, it ____. (No, it ____)

8. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age?

9. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.

10. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon.

11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ (leave) in five minutes.

12. In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month.

13. When the bell rang, jenny _____ (wait) in her seat.

14. She _____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.

15. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.

三、选择题。

1. I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.

a. cooked, were ringing

b. was cooking, rang

c. was cooking, were ringing

d. cooked, rang

2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

a. tries

b. tried

c. was trying

d. will try

3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

a. was watching, was hearing

b. watched, was hearing

c. watched, heard

d. was watching, heard

4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

a. were watching

b. watch

c. watched

d. are watching

5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

a. did, read, was seeing

b. did, read, saw

c. were, reading, saw

d. were, reading, was seeing

6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.

a. are getting

b. get

c. were getting

d. got

7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.

8. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.

a. saw, passed

b. was seeing, passed

c. was seeing, passed

d. was seeing, was passing

9. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.

a. were waiting, waiting

b. were waiting, wait

c. waited, waiting

d. waited, wait

10. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.

a. helps

b. would help

c. was helping

d. is helping

11. While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.

a. did, made

b. was doing, made

c. was doing, was making

d. did, was making

12. ―_______ you angry then?‖ ―they ______ too much noise.‖

a. are, were making

b. were, were making

c. are, made

d. were, made

13. He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me

a. did, heard

b. did, didn’t hear

c. was doing, heard

d. was doing, didn’t hear

14. This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV

a. repaired, didn’t watch

b. was repairing, watched

c. repaired, watched

d. was repairing, wasn’t watching

五、现在完成时：

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语：already、ever、yet、not yet、just、just before, in the past/last few years

基本结构：否定形式：一般疑问句：

动词过去分词的构成，这里只谈规则动词，既过去式与过去分词都是加-ed的。有下面四种情况：

1．一般的也是绝大多数的动词是直接在后面加-ed，例如，played

2．以e结尾的动词只加-d，例如，loved

3．以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed

4．以一个辅音字母（r/w/y除外）结尾的重读闭音节，要双写这个辅音字母再加ed，例如，stopped，planned, preferred等。

（三），不规则动词的变化规则：这些不规则动词有下面一些规律可循，

1. AAA型：既动词原形。过去式，过去分词三者同形。例如：

let, set. hit .cut. put, shut .cost. hurt, read. spread

2. AAB型：只有一个，beat---beat---beaten

3. ABA型：既过去式与过去分词不同，但过去分词与原形相同。如：

run. come, become. overcome（克服）

4．ABB型：既过去式与过去分词相同，而两者与原形不同。可分为下面六组：

第一组：feel. keep. sleep weep sweep meet leave smell. deal spoil spill它们都以t结尾.

第二组：spend lend send build都是变d为t

第三组：lose get win shine dig hang都是变其中的元音字母。

第四组：bring buy fight think catch teach都以ught结尾,其中catch, teach以aught结尾。

第五组：tell sell lay pay say 都以―d‖结尾

第六组：无规律组，必须硬记.find stand understand sit have make hold hear mean

5.ABC型:既过去式，过去分词与动词原形三者各不相同。

第一组：在过去式上加-n （注：过去式都是以―o＋辅音字母+e‖结尾的，但rise除外）break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten(双写t) freeze-froze-frozen

wake-woke-woken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen

第二组:在原形上加-n

see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven

take-took-taken draw-drew-drawn grow-grew-grown

know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown

show-showed-shown mistake-mistook-mistaken rise-rose-risen

第三组：在原形上加-en

write-wrote-written(双写t) eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen

ride-rode-ridden (双写d) hide-hid-hidden(双写d) be-was/were-been

第四组：符合i-a-u的原则，并且发音规律相同。

begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung

swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk(沉) drink-drank-drunk

第五组：bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn tear-tore-torn（流泪）

第六组：lie-lay-lain(躺) do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown

现在完成时的含义：

（一）、它是过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

1、表示过去发生的某一动作（该动作已经结束）对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：He has had his lunch.

果是作业已经完成了。）

2、表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在的动作或状态，它往往与表示一段时间段＂for＋时间段＂，＂since ＋过去的时间点＂连用．

I have taught here for more than two years.

We have lived in this street since 1987.

Since for的区别

since后接时间点或表过去时的句子如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there

for后接一段时间 表―长达多久‖ 如ten years, a while, two days等。

用since和for填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

3. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

4. India has been an independent country ______1974.

5. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

6. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.

（二）、特点：既涉及过去又联系现在，动作是过去发生的，其结果是现在存在的．例如：She has come.（她来了．）这句话说明两点：１）她是过去某一时候来的．２）她现在仍然在这里，而且主要是说她在这里，动词用了现在完成时表示＂现在还存在过去的某一动作的结果或影响＂，至于她是什么时候来的，是十分钟以前还是一个小时以前，并不是这句话所强调的情况．又例如:She has gone.（她走了．）这句话说明＂走＂的动作是发生在过去，而且对现在造成的影响是―她不在这里了‖．但是,She went.则只强调―走‖这一动作发生在过去，至于现在她在不在这里就不得而知了，也不是强调的重点。

(三)、―对现在造成的影响或结果‖包括看得见的，看不见的，肯定的，否定的。

1),He has cleaned the blackboard. 其结果：看得见——现在黑板是干净的。

2),He has studied French. 其结果：看不见——但现在他懂法语。

3).He hasn’t cleaned the room. 其结果：否定的——现在房间不干净。

4).He has never learned English. 其结果：否定的——他现在仍然不懂英语。

所以，不管是哪一种影响或结果，只有到目前还存在的情况下才能用现在完成时。一旦结果或影响不复存在，或者即便存在也不强调，就不能用现在完成时，而应用一般过去时，这也正是两者的区别所在。例如：He has cleaned the room.（他是在过去打扫了房间，房间现在仍干净。）He cleaned the room an hour ago ,but it’s dirty now. （他也是在过去打扫了房间，但现在又脏了，发生在过去的―打扫‖这一动作与现在无关。）

注意：一般过去时是说，过去发生的或已经结束或完成的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，或者即使与现在有某种联系，但说话者并不强调与现在的这种关系，而只是指出：那个动作发生在过去某一时间；而现在完成时却正是要强调过去的那个动作与现在的关系。

has/have gone to & has/have been to &has/have been in/at/on三者的区别

1.has/have gone to表某人已经去了某地了，它包括三种情况：1）在去的途中，2）已经到了目的地，3）在归途中，总之，主语不在说话的现场。

2. has/have been to表某人曾经去过某地，现在仍在说话地点及其附近。常与ever, never, just, twice, before 连用。

3.has/have been in/at/on表某人在某地呆了多久，表示一种状态，更为重要的是它常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：―for+时间段‖ 或―since+过去的时间点‖

1).My mother has gone to Beijing.

2).I have been to Japan twice .

3).They have been in China for over 2 years.

五．点动词（又称瞬间动词）不能与一段时间连用及其转化的几种方法：

段时间连用。（注意：但在否定句中点动词能与一段时间连用。如：I haven’t received a letter from Jim for a long time.{receive是点动词}）

转化的几种方法：

1. 点动词转化为其它延续性动词。如：I have had a cold since one day ago .(catch是点动词，

转化为延续性动词have，其过去式为had)

2. 点动词转化为―be+名词‖。如：He has been a solider for 3 years.

3. 点动词转化为―be+介词‖。如：He has been in the army for 3 years .

4. 点动词转化为―be+副词‖。如：

Tom has been away (离家)for a few days.

5. 点动词转化为―be +形容词‖。如：

That old man has been dead for several years.

6. 原句转化为―It’s/It is +时间段+since+…‖。如：

It is 3 years since he joined the army.

7. 原句转化为―It’s been/It has been+时间段+since…‖。如：

It has been 3 years since he joined the army.

8. 原句转化为含ago的一般过去时。如：He joined the army three years ago .

六．下列点动词常作如下变化：

come back→be back leave→ be away come home→ b e at home

join →be in the … come →be get up→ be up

finish →be over begin→ be on die →be dead

get out →be out catch a cold→ have a cold

buy→ have borrow →keep get to know→ know

现在完成时练习

1 -----What are you to do this Sunday?

-----I ______yet.

A . won’t decide

B .didn’t decide

C .haven’t decided

D .don’t decide

2 I _____to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful .

A .won’t go

B .have gone

C .don’t go

D .have been

3 The life we were used to ______greatly since 1992.

A .change

B . has changed

C .changing

D .have changed

4 -----How long has Eliza been a nurse?

-----______

A .Since 2002

B .Four years ago

C .In 2002

D .At 2002

5-----How long ____you _____stamps?

------Since two years ago.

A .have, collected

B .did ,collect

C .have ,been collecting

D .are collecting

6 My father _____ on business for two weeks .He’ll return in three days.

A .left

B .has left

C .has gone

D .has been away

7 -----Kitty, will you go to see the film ―Cold Mountain this evening ?

------No, I won’t. I ____ it already.

A .saw

B . have seen

C .see

D .will see

8----Scott has already return to our town

-----Really? Where ____ you ____ him ?

A . do ,see

B .have ,seen

C .did ,see

D .has ,seen

9 ----How long have you ____China? ------ For three years.

A .come back

B .return

C . left

D .been away from

10 ----Alice came back home the day before yesterday.

----Really? Where _______?

A .has she been

B .had she been

C .has she gone

D .had she gone

11 ----Are you sure you _____(lose) the book ?

-----Yes , I ___________ (look) for it everywhere ,but I still can’t find it .

12 -----________you _____(take)the medicine yet ?

-----Yes, I _____(take) it half an hour ago .

13 I _____(never,meet) her sister before .

14 He_______(just,watch) a football game .He is so tired and hungry .

15 _____you ever _____(travel) on a train ?

16 ----How many times ____you ____(read) this book?

----- I ______(read) it several times .

17 I ____(read) only two pages of this book .

六、过去完成时：

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即―过去的过去‖。

时间状语：：before, until, when, after, once, as soon as, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本结构：had + done.

否定形式：had + not + done.

一般疑问句：had放于句首。

过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去"常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：

She said she had seen the film 4 times.

When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.

By the time they arrived, the bus had left.

2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.

A. studied, had gone

B. had studied, went

C. has studied, goes

D. had studied, had gone

解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。

2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.

A. enjoyed

B. was enjoying

C. had enjoyed

D. would enjoy

解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。

3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.

A. has been in

B. had been in

C. had been to

D. had gone to

解析："小培说她去了海南三个月"。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.

过去完成时判定方法

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：

（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

（2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

（3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由―过去的过去‖来判定。

过去完成时表示―过去的过去‖，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：

（1 ）宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：

（2 ）状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为―助动词have (has) + 过去分词‖；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调―过去的过去‖，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（―等‖的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调―过去的过去‖；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ，after ，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

一、填空

1 When I returned home, he _____ (leave).

2 By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.

3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.

4 It ____ _____ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning.

5 I _____ (not read) the book because I had read it before.

6 She said she____ (be) born in 1992.

7 When he _____(come) to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.

8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____(not see) each other since left Beijing.

9 When I got to his home, he_____(go) to bed.

10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____(come) back.

二、单项选择

（）1．He asked me ___ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been

B. where I had gone

C. where had I been

D. where had I gone

（）2. What _ ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?

A. did, do

B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done

（）3. I ___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned

B. was learning

C. had learned

D. learnt

（）4. She lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few

B. has, several

C. had, a lot of

D. has, a great deal of

（）5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.

A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked

（）6. She said she ________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

（）7.My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.

A. had worked

B. has worked

C. worked

D. works

（）8 The man ________ his coat and went out.

A. put on

B. had put on

C. will put on

D. was putting on

（）9. She had written a number of books ___ ___ the end of last year.

A. for

B. in

C. by

D. at

（）10. He ___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.

A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano

C. has learned, the piano

D. learns ,piano.

（）11. What _____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?

A. did, do

B. did, did

C. has, done

D. had done

（）12 .He _____ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.

A. has worked

B. works

C. had worked

D. will work

（）13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.

A. has completed

B. completed

C. will complete

D. had completed

（）14. The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.

A has begun; get

B has been on; get

C had begun; got

D had been on; got

（）15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.

（）16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.

A. was left

B. had left

C. has left

D. left

（）17.They _______ in Guangzhou since 2000.

A. lived

B. had lived

C. have lived

D. were living

（）18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.

A. has arrived

B. was arriving

C. arrived

D. had arrived

（）19. The students ______ their classroom when the visitors arrived.

A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned

（）20. Fanny_______ the project in one hour.

A. have finished

B. will finish

C. finishes

D. has finished

（）21. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.

A has left; comes

B had left; would come

C had left; came

D left; had come

（）22 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.

A have been

B have

C had been

D will

（）23. Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry.

A has had

B hasn't have

C have had

D hadn't had

（）24.When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.

A has; been sent

B had; sent

C has; sent

D had; been sent

（）25. We ____five English songs by the end of last term.

A had learned

B learned

C have learned

D will have learned

三、.用动词的适当形式填空

1. We (paint) the house before we ________ (move) in.

2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he (die).

3. They (study) the map of the country before they (leave).

4. The robbers (run away ) before the policemen (arrive).

5. I (turn off) all the lights before I (go) to bed.

6. Paul (go) out with Jane after he _____ (make) a phone call.

7. Tom (say) he _______ (read) the book twice.

8. Our plan (fail ) because we (make) a bad mistake.

9. When the chairman (finish) speaking, he (leave)the hall.

10.The Reads (have) lunch when I ___ _____(get) to their house.

四、改错：

（）1.When she was at the middle school, she often reads in the library.

（）2.When she got home, the children went to bed.

（）3.He said he didn't see his uncle for many years.

（）4.I didn't go to see the firm because I saw it before.

（）5.The wind was still blowing, but the rain has stopped.

（）6.By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.

（）7. Yang Mei learn some English before she came to this school

七、一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

be going to+动词原形

a.表示打算、准备做的事。例如：

We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。

How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过？

b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。

c.“will”句型与“be going to”句型，前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。例如：

Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。

We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。

( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to

B. will going to be

C. is going to be

D. will go to be

( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t working

B. doesn’t working

C. isn’t going to working

D. won’t work

( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.

A. will be; is

B. is; is

C. will be; will be

D. is; will be

( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was

B. is going to have

C. will have

D. is going to be

( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?

– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.

A. Are; going to; will

B. Are; going to be; will

C. Are; going to; will be

D. Are; going to be; will be

( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.

A. will gives

B. will give

C. gives

D. give

( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?

–________. （不，不要。）

A. No, you won’t.

B. No, you aren’t.

C. No, please don’t.

D. No, please.

( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper?

– I ________ if for you at once.

A. get

B. am getting

C. to get

D. will get

( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?

C. There can be

D. There are

( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.

A. have

B. will have

C. had

D. would have

( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.

A. gives

B. gave

C. will giving

D. is going to giving

( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.

A. writes

B. has written

C. will write

D. wrote

( ) 13. He ________ in three days.

A. coming back

B. came back

C. will come back

D. is going to coming back

( ) 14. If it ________ tomorr ow, we’ll go roller-skating.

A. isn’t rain

B. won’t rain

C. doesn’t rain

D. doesn’t fine

( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?

–No, ________ （不去）.

A. they willn’t.

B. they won’t.

C. they aren’t.

D. they don’t.

( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?

A. will; go

B. do; go

C. will; going

D. shall; go

( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.

A. do

B. will do

C. going to do

D. will doing

( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.

A. will fly; will go

B. will fly; goes

C. is going to fly; will goes

D. flies; will go

( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.

A. will watching

B. watches

C. is watching

D. is going to watch

( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

A. shall be

B. will be

C. shall going to be

D. will going to be

( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

A. are having

B. are going to have

C. will having

D. is going to have

( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?

A. Will; are

B. Will; be

C. Do; be

D. Are; be

( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.

A. will

B. is

C. will be

D. be

( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?