状语与状语从句
第二十一章状语与状语从句
21.1 概述
状语用来修饰与限制动词、形容词，用来说明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、伴随状态等。或是对整个句子进行解释说明，表明说话人对事情的看法或态度。状语可以由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、名词词组、复合结构以及从句等充当。副词、介词短语、不定式、分词作状语请参照有关各章。下面我们重点讲一下形容词、名词词组、复合结构、从句充当状语的情况。
21.2 形容词或形容词短语作状语
表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式或伴随的状态。这个形容词与句子的主语之间往往具有逻辑上的主系表关系。如：
Corrupt through and through, he didn’t think of the people’s welfare at all.
Modest and amiable, he made us feel at home.
Hot, the fish is delicious.
Happy, he is easy to cooperate with.
Helpless, he watched his house destroyed by the storm.
Full of energy, he played tennis two hours.
He hid himself in the quilt, afraid of the thunder.
He sat quiet in front of the house.
21.3 名词词组作状语
名词词组，或含介词短语、副词、形容词等复杂的名词词组可以作状语表时间、方式、位置、条件、程度、度量等。如：
He stayed here two weeks.
It weighs five kilos.
First thing in the morning he turns on the radio and listens to English programs.
We should serve the people heart and soul.
He likes to do it his own way.
We walked a long way to the university.
They completed the project two months ahead of time.
I’m sorry I arrived five minutes late.
The food is five days overdue.
It measures twelve meters long.
He lives a long way from here.
There is a stone Bridge called Lugou Bridge thirteen kilometers southwest of Beijing.
21.4 复合结构作状语
状语可以由一个名词（代词）和另一成分构成复合结构充当，这种结构也叫独立结构。这种结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式、伴随状态等。常用的复合结构有以下几种：
1.名词（代词）+分词：
Autumn coming, the peasants are busy getting in rice.
Weather permitting, we will go out for a travel.
Mr. Wang being away on business, I had to deal with it myself.
The problem settled, the workers went back home.
He lay on the ground, his hands crossed under his head.
All things considered, we should stop the program.
2.名词（代词）+形容词：
He listened to the teacher carefully, his mouth half open.
A patient sat on the chair, his face pale with pain.
His dog afraid of thunder, he took it in his arm.
The peaches ripe, they would pick them up to sell in the town.
3.名词（代词）+不定式：
We’ll have two parties in the week, one to be held by Liu Ying, the other by Li Mei.
I have published three volumes of this series, the fourth one to come out next month.
4.名词（代词）+介词短语：
The robber rushed into the bank, rifle in hand.
He sat on the sofa, his hands on his lap.
He was walking along the river, a dog behind him.
5.名词（代词）+副词：
There are no students in the classroom, all the lights on.
He put his coat on, wrong side out.
His father away, he stayed at home alone.
6.介词with后面有时也可以跟复合结构作状语，作用相当于独立结构。可以表原因、条件、行为方式、伴随状态等。如：
With the teacher beside them, the students concentrated themselves on their study.
With the coach leading, the players ran around the playground.
With the problem solved, we felt relaxed.
With the color lights on, the yard looks more beautiful.
She felt nervous with a lot of people staring at her.
He rushed into the room, with a book in his hand.
21.5 时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的词有：when, while, as, since, after, before, till (until), whenever, once, as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, each time (first time, next time), the day (the year, the hour), instantly, immediately, directly, hardly...when (before), scarcely...when (before), no sooner...than等等。下面讲一讲时间状语从句应注意的地方及一些连词的具体用法。
1.时间状语从句，如果指未来的事情，用一般现在时态表将来。如：
As soon as he arrives, I’ll let you know.
When I come tomorrow, I’ll bring you your books.
He won’t stay at home until his mother returns.
2.while, when, as引导的从句：
while引导的时间状语从句，动词要用延续性动词，表示“在做...的期间”，且常用进行时态。如：
While we were talking, he was playing with his playmates.
While she was going shopping, her mother helped her take care of her baby.
如果表示主句和从句的动作进行的时间一样长，还可以用as long as。如：
My mother worked as long as I played.
注意：while除了引导时间状语从句之外，还引导让步状语从句，相当于although;或引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，这时，从句一般放在句首。如：
While I admit that those problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
While there is life, there is hope.
when引导的从句，动词可以用瞬间动词，也可以用延续性动词，可以表示主句和从句的动作同时进行，也可以表示从句的动作与主句的动作先后发生。如：
When he was doing his homework, his friend came and asked him to play.
When he came in, I was listening to the radio.
I was about to go to work when he telephoned me.
When he came to the office, I made tea for him.
as引导的从句，动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用瞬间动词，表从句和主句动作同时发生。如：
As I was wandering in the street, I met her.
He was singing songs as he was working in the field.
As ice is heated, it changes into water.
3. since引导的时间状语从句：主句一般用现在完成时态，从句用过去时态。从句用非延续性动词时，表示自从这个动作发生以来；从句是延续性动词时，表示自从这个动作结束以来。如：
He has taught in the university since he graduated from university.
Mary has lived in China since she left her motherland in 1980.
Mr. Wang has worked in the company since he lived in Shanghai.（自从他离开上海以来）Lily has been a secretary in the company since she stayed with us.（自从离开我们以来）如果用延续性动词，要表示动作开始以来，从句可以用现在完成时态表示。如：
Mr. Wang has worked in the company since he has lived in Shanghai.（自从住在上海以来）Lily has been a secretary in the company since she has stayed with us.（自从和我们住在一起以来）
如果主句只表示延续的时间，可以不用现在完成时态，用一般现在时态。如：
It is five years since he joined the army.（他参军已经五年了）
It is five years since he was in the army.（他离开军队已经五年了）
4. until (till)引导的时间状语从句，主句是延续性动词用肯定形式，主句是非延续性动词用否定形式。
He will wait until we arrive.
I was reading newspapers until my mother came back from shopping.
The meeting didn’t begin until he turned up.
We won’t leave until you arrive.
如果主句是否定形式，从句提到主句的前面时，否定词not也要提前，主句要用部分倒装的形式。如：
Not until I send my daughter away will I get down to the work.
Not until he came did I go home.
在强调结构中，强调从句，否定词not也要一起强调。如：
It is not until I send my daughter away that I will get down to the work.
It was not until he came that I went home.
5. no sooner...than, hardly...when/before, scarcely...when/before表示“一...就...”，往往表示过去的时间，前面用过去完成时态，后面用过去时态。如果no sooner, hardly, scarcely提到句首，用部分倒装的形式。如：
He had no sooner arrived than he began to work.
No sooner had he arrived than he began to work.
He had hardly taken up the official post when he got down to the program.
Hardly had he taken up the official post when he got down to the program.
21.6 地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where, wherever等引导，往往用一般现在时表将来。如：
Where there is a will, there is a way.
The city lies where the two rivers meet.
Make a mark where you have any problems.
Wherever you go, I’ll follow you.
I will go wherever I can find a job.
21.7 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的词有because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等。如：
I was absent from the meeting because I wasn’t informed of it.
I couldn’t go to Beijing on business as my mother was ill.
Since none of us have different opinio ns, we’ll carry out the plan.
Seeing that he needs a computer badly, his parents decide to buy one for him.
Considering that he is a new comer, I often give him some help.
有些形容词后面的从句也是表原因的，也可以说是原因状语从句。如：
I’m glad that he has gotten the first place in the c ompetition.
I felt proud that Chinese players achieved great successes in the Olympic Games.
He was disappointed that he lost the chance to be promoted.
21.8 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的词有that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等。如：
He went early that he could sit in the front.
They asked me to be on guard so that they could set their minds at ease.
He sent the letters by air mail in order that it might arrive a little early.
Please take an umbrella in case it rains.
He wore a thick coat for fear that he should catch a cold.
21.9 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的词有that, so...that, such...that等。如：
What’s happened that he hasn’t returned yet?
He ran so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.
She spoke English so clearly that all of us could understand her.
I am reading such an interesting book that I can’t stop until I come to the end.
有时so...that与such...that可以互换。如：
She is so careless that her teacher often criticizes her.
Her carelessness is such that her teacher often criticizes her.
I saw such a moving film that I couldn’t help bursting into t ears.
I saw so moving a film that I couldn’t help bursting into tears.
有时还可以用倒装语序。如：
Such is her kindness that I won’t forget it.
So quickly did he speak that I couldn’t understand.
21.10 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词有if, unless, suppose/supposing (that), in case, as long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), granted that等。往往用一般现在时表将来。如：If you need any help, please telephone me.
As long as we stick to it, we can overcome any difficulty to achieve our goal.
Granted that he doesn’t help us, we can also f inish it.
I’ll lend the book to you on condition that you return it on time.
21.11 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的词有：although, though, as, even though, however, no matter wh-等。用一般现在时表将来。如：
Although（Though）I gave him some advice, he didn’t take it.
Although it was getting dark, the farmers had to work in the field by the lights of tractors.
如果从句表示的是一种臆想时，只能用though。如：
Though all the people were against me, I should stick to my opinion.
Though everyone dislikes you, I will not.
Though引导的从句可以用倒装语序，把从句的表语、宾语或状语提前。though用倒装语序的时候，可以用as代替。如：
Hard though/as he studied, he failed the exam.
Difficult though the problem was, I managed to work it out.
Child though he is, he is a good help to me.（句首的child不能用冠词a）
whatever, whoever, however...等引导的从句只有作状语的时候，才等于no matter wh-...如：
Whateve r you do, I’ll support you.
No matter what you may do, I’ll support you.
Whoever you may be, I won’t let you in.
No matter who you may be, I won’t let you in.
However difficult it may be, we’ll overcome it.
由no matter..., wh-ever引导的让步状语从句，有时候可以用倒装结构代替，此结构中的谓语常常带有will, would, might等。如：
Do what he might, he would try his best to do it.
Come what may, you must keep calm.
21.12 比较状语从句
比较状语从句用than, as, the more...the more...等引导，也可用一般现在时表将来。如：He studies as hard as you do.
Tom runs as fast as Mike does.
They did it better than we had expected.
He looks healthier than when I met him last.
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
The harder you study, the better your grades will be.
21.13 方式状语从句
方式状语从句可以用as, as if, rather than, according as等引导。如：
I’ll do as you suggested.
I can remember all the things in my childhood as if they happened yesterday.
He spoke to us as if he was our teacher.
I should take care of you rather than that you take care of me.
He shouldn’t go far according as you said.
在(just)as...so这一结构中前半部分也是方式状语，意思是“正如同...，也...”
Just as a mouse meets a cat, so he meets his teacher.
有时候so也可以引起倒装。如：
Just as a leader speaks to us, so did he speak to us that way.
21.14 评注性状语（或独立成分）
评注性状语时用来对整个句子进行解释或说明，表明说话人对话语的看法或态度，有的也把它叫做独立成分，通常位于句首，用逗号隔开。一些副词、不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、从句等可以用于评注性状语。
1.副词：
Luckily, his step-mother was very kind to him.
Briefly, we couldn’t accept your demand.
试比较：
Happily, he recovered and went to work.（高兴的是他恢复了健康，上班去了。评注性状语）
He went to work happily.（他高兴地上班去了。修饰性状语）
Personally, he won’t interview you.（个人认为，他不会见你。评注性状语）
He won’t interview you personally.（他不会亲自见你。修饰性状语）
2.不定式
To be sure, some of them are against us.
To tell you the truth, I’m not very interested in playing tennis.
可以作评注性状语的不定式短语（也就是不定式的惯用法）有to sum up, to be frank, to be sure, to tell you the truth, to be gin (start) with, to make matters worse等。
3.分词：
Generally speaking, it is hot in summer in Guangdong.
Considering her age, she looks young.
Judging from his accent, he came from North-east China.
可以作评注性状语的分词有generally (frankly, strictly, roughly) speaking, speaking of..., putting it mildly (说轻点), judging from..., seeing that, provided that, concerning, considering等。
4.介词短语：
In my opinion, we should go to the south of China for the holidays.
By the way, please tell Kate I am going to see her.
In other words, we need to be much more careful.
这样的介词短语还有in conclusion, as a result, to one’s surprise, in a word, in all等。
5.形容词：
Sure enough, he came again the next day.
Important of all, we were encouraged by his words.
Worse still, he became an orphan after the earthquake.
6.从句：
If I may say so, he is not fit for the job.
What is more, the production has been increased.
What is more remarkable, he rode a bike here.
练习十五状语从句
选择正确的答案填入相应的空格中:
1. Much I admire him as a leader, I don’t like him as a husband.
a. although
b. though
c. that
d. such
2.I was about to go to bed I heard a knock at the door.
a. as
b. while
c. when
d. as soon as
3.They stopped talking and fighting they saw the teacher appear.
a. as long as
b. as
c. while
d. as soon as
4.had he arrived home than the telephone rang.
a. Hardly
b. Scarcely
c. No sooner
d. If
5.Hawai is an interesting city to visit I want to travel there as soon as possible.
a. so...that
b. such...that
c. hardly...when
d. no sooner...than
6.he is in your grade, you ought to be able to know him.
a. If
b. Seeing that
c. Although
d. Just as
7.I am sure that we can overcome the difficulties we are closely united.
a. so that
b. in order that
c. just as
d. as long as
8.Beijing is the capital of our country, Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan province.
a. Just as...so
b. Hardly...when
c. Because...so
d. Though...but
9.Y ou have a lot of chances to be promoted, you are still young.
a. so that
b. considering that
c. such that
d. in that
10.is the expense of car not many people will be able to afford it.
a. So...that
b. As...that
c. Such...that
d. Such...as
11.She made such a great contribution to her country one of the cities was named after her.
a. that
b. as
c. when
d. because
12.All of the students gave the teacher stormy applause he appeared in the classroom.
a. the moment
b. a moment
c. in a moment
d. at a moment
13.Don’t watch TV you are studying.
a. while
b. until
c. since
d. as soon as
14.I’d like to go for a leave, I can’t go right now.
a. Much so
b. As much
c. Much as
d. So much
15.she is a new teacher and inexperienced, she has done quite a good job.
a. Being that
b. Given that
c. Suppose that
d. Considering that
16.Y ou will be late you hurry.
a. expect
b. without
c. unless
d. besides
17.Don’t go out you have tidied your bed.
a. since
b. then
c. after
d. until
18.He will go to Tibet how hard the journey is.
a. anyway
b. considering
c. no matter
d. because
19.Strike the iron is hot.
a. when
b. as
c. while
d. since
20.I’m glad to do you want me to do.
a. that
b. no matter what
c. no matter how
d. whatever
21.She is that all of us like her.
a. such lovely a girl
b. so lovely a girl
c. so a lovely girl
d. as lovely a girl
22.He doesn’t know the value of the friendship he has lost it.
a. until
b. since
c. when
d. as
23.on a travel, I always have some books to read.
a. During
b. In case of
c. In time of
d. while
24.Y ou should not stay here any longer the rain is over.
a. when
b. now that
c. as for
d. that
25.He had to work several years for money he could continue his studies.
a. before
b. when
c. while
d. as
26.we admit one’s good points, we should see his shortcoming.
a. If
b. While
c. When
d. Now that
27.While walking in the dark, he didn’t have any money with him he be robbed.
a. so that
b. in order that
c. such that
d. for fear that
28.People see things differently they have different experiences.
a. just as
b. so that
c. according to
d. according as
29.may happen, I will be on your side.
a. No matter how
b. However
c. What
d. Whatever
30.your son has graduated from university, you no longer have anything to worry about.
a. As soon as
b. When
c. Until
d. Now that
31.Trees must be planted there is a lot of sunlight.
a. that
b. which
c. where
d. in which
32.I left him a note he wanted to know where we were.
a. in case
b. so that
c. that
d. if
33.he worked all night, he couldn’t finish the job.
a. Even
b. In spite
c. In case
d. Although
34.the weather was fine, I went out for a walk.
a. As
b. Because of
c. In case
d. Although
35.There isn’t such a person in the company I know.
a. so far as
b. as long as
c. as soon as
d. so soon as
36.His plane had taken off I arrived at the airport.
a. as soon as
b. at the time
c. by the time
d. during the time
37.the lesson in linguistics was over, we began our grammar lesson.
a. While
b. As
c. When
d. For
38.Do your teacher told you to.
a. like
b. as
c. that
d. for
39.How long is it we met last?
a. when
b. unless
c. for
d. since
40.He almost knocked me down he saw me.
a. while
b. when
c. before
d. after
41.She recognized me she saw me.
a. the time
b. the moment
c. while
d. as
42.you call on me, you are always welcome.
a. When
b. Whenever
c. However
d. No matter how
43.Y ou can go, you promise to come back before nine o’clock.
a. when
b. because
c. as long as
d. in case
44.He is old enough to know to spend all his money buying toys.
a. rather than
b. better than
c. more than
d. other than
45.They burst out crying they heard the news.
a. rightly
b. quickly
c. immediately
d. hardly
46.it was impossible to avoid a crash, the sailor decided to dive into the sea.
a. Seeing that
b. Granted
c. Owing to
d. Provided that
47.that we have achieved great success, we should not be conceited.
a. Considering
b. Granted
c. On condition
d. Even
48.Water is to fish air is to man.
a. as if
b. what
c. that
d. while
49.I never see the photos of my mother I think of her.
a. in which
b. so that
c. where
d. but that
50.he has ability and interest, it doesn’t mean he has time to do it.
a. Admitting that
b. Seeing that
c. Given that
d. Providing
状语从句引导词
1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that 6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that 7．让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，no matter …，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever 8．比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B 9．方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way
状语从句讲解及练习
状语从句 在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词或副词，状语 说白了就是修饰动作的词或句，也可以理解成修饰谓语的词或句。通常由副词、介词短语、 动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call. (副词 ) 2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. (介词状短语 ) 3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day. (不定式 ) 4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. (过去分词 ) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough 用作状语修饰形容词和副词时 必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法 相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when I didn ’ t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV , his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard( 果园 ) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. When , while, as 都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。 1) When Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest. 注意点： when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be 可以省略。Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher. 2) As As 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面``` 一面”，“随着” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面 ```一面 ) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着) 3) While 表示“当 ``` 的时候” 强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时， 从句动词必须是延续性动词。 Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused. 注意点： while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。 eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee. 1．until, not ? until 表示“直到 ```才” ,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
状语从句解题技巧
状语从句 状语从句的作用： 状语从句的种类： 状语从句的考点： ?各种状语从句的从属连词有哪些； ?同一种状语从句中从属连词的区别； ?同一个从属连词在多种状语从句中的运用。 一、时间状语从句： 引导词：When, whenever, as, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as, once each/every time, next time, the first/…time, the moment, the minute, instantly, immediately, directly(一…就…), no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when 考查重点： 1)when的用法：was doing…when, be about to do… when“正在做 某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。 2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别： It is + 时刻+ when… It is/has been + 段时+ since（谓语动词一般为过去时）… It will be/was + 段时+ before (现在时/过去时).“过一段时间…才” 3).before的用法： A：表“还未来得及…就…”B：表“过一段时间才…”， 4).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。 5) no sooner…than，hardly/scarcely…when 刚……就 A. 时态：主句用过去完成时（had + pp）从句用一般过去时 B. 倒装：no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒装 She had no sooner arrived at the station than the train started to move. No sooner had she arrived at the station than …. He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow. Hardly had he entered the hotel when it began to snow 二、原因状语从句： 引导词：because, since, as, for, now( that), considering (that), seeing (that) 考查重点：because, since, as, for because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why since –通常放句首．译为“既然” as–不谈自明的原因，语气最弱． for–放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明。 三、地点状语从句： 引导词：where. Wherever。Where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。出题者既考状语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这一干扰项。四、目的状语从句和结果状语从句 引导词：in case, so that, in order that, for fear that。So that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。In order that 引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之后。
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类 包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如： Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗? We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。 Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。 2. 名词类 即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如 I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。 Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。 3. 副词类 即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如： I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。 Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。 4. 短语类 主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如： Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。 My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 5. 句型类 包括no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如： I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。 Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。
状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题
状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题 一、初中英语状语从句 1．--Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited. --No problem. A．but B．or C．for D．so 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——彼得，请给我们及明星片，这样我们将会知道你参观过哪里。——没问题。but 但是，表示转折关系；or或者，表示选择；for为了，表示原因；so所以，表示结果。结合句意，前半句让彼得给我们及明信片，后半句知道彼得到哪里参观了，后一句是前一句的结果，故用连词so。故选D。 2．—I’m going to the post office. —________you are there, can you get me some stamps? A．When B．While C．Because D．If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：A. As 一边…一边，作为 B. While当…时候 C. Because 因为 D. lf假如；句意：我将要去邮局。你去那里的时候，能不能给我带一些邮票呢？故选B 考点：连词 点评：连词在中考中涉及到的很多，尤其在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中连词是必考点。平时学习过程中，掌握连词的意思，及所表示的关系是至关重要的，这种关系的判断可以通过句子意思的理解来选择恰到的连词。 3．—Leonardo didn't win an Oscar he acted in The Revenant（荒野求生）. 一Yeah. It was hard for him to realize this dream, but he never gave up. A．after B．since C．when D．until 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——列奥纳多直到他在《荒野求生》中才获得奥斯卡奖。——是的。对他来说很难实现这个梦想，但他从不放弃。考查连词辨析题。A. after在……以后；B. since自从……；C. when当……时候；D. until直到……才，多和not连用。本句是时间状语从句，四个选项都可做引导词；根据Leonardo didn't win an Oscar和答语中的but he never gave up.，结合句意结构和语境，可知until符合句意，故选D。 4． 一Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music. Erquan Yingyue was so sad but beautiful that I sensed a strong sadness and pain under the beauty. 一So it was. The musician who played it last night to play the erhu since he very young.
状语从句引导词的含义大全
状语从句引导词的含义 1、表示时间的： ·when(何时；什么时候） ·whenever(每当；无论何时） ·as(同样的；像......一样；当......的时候） ·while(一段时间；当......的时候；和......同时；然而） ·before(在......以前）after(在......时候） ·until、 till(直到......为止） ·since(从......以来；自从；由于；既然） ·ever since(从那时起一直到现在） ·now（ that） (既然；由于） ·once(一次；一度；从前） ·so (as) long as (只要） ·as soon as(一......就......) ·every time (每次；总是） ·the moment (片刻） ·instantly(立即，即刻） ·directly (马上，立即） 2、表示地点的： ·where(在哪里） ·wherever(无论在（到）哪里；在（到）任何地方）no matter where 3、表示原因： ·as(同样的） ·because(因为） ·since(既然） ·seeing (that)(由于） ·considering? that(考虑到） ·now that(既然，由于） ·not that ......but that （不是.......而是......） 4、表示目的： ·that(那，那个） ·so that(以便，以致；结果是） ·in order(以便；为了） ·lest (唯恐，免得。在被连接的状语从句中常用should或原形动词）·for fear that (免得，省得） ·in? case(以防、以备） 5、表示结果： ·that (那，那个） ·so? that(以便，以致，结果是） ·so......that (如此......以致） ·such......that (如此的.....以致)
语法知识—状语从句的分类汇编含解析
一、选择题 1．Mr. White tells us the calls meeting will be cancelled if no agreement _________ tomorrow. A．is reached B．will be reached C．is going to be reached D．has been reached 2．I watched the World Cup in a bar last night and I home 1:00 in the morning. A．go; until B．went; until C．didn’t go; until D．won’t go; until 3．I still have difficulty ________the article________ there are few new words in it. A．to understand; because B．understand ; though C．understanding ; if D．understanding ; though 4．What does she want to do when she ________some money? A．is going to save B．saves C．will save 5．He offered________valuable suggestions ________ few people disagreed. A．such, that B．very, that C．so, that D．too, that 6．I don’t like nuts ________ they are too hard. A．if B．after C．when D．because 7．______ we have different opinions from time to time, we are still good friends. A．Until B．After C．Because D．Though 8．--- What was the party like? --- Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A．since B．after C．when D．before 9．— What shall we do now? —__________ it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. A．So B．Since C．Though D．Otherwise 10．Chinese market is________a big one________you should all come and see what it has to offer. A．so, that B．such, that C．enough, that D．too, to 11．一Mom, I took my partner's math book home by mistake. What should I do? 一Well, you should call her you can say sorry to her. A．as if B．so that C．even though D．ever since 12．________ haburgers are junk food, many children still like them. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Although 13．—Has Jim known the good news? —Not yet. I will tell him about it ________ he comes back. A．while B．until C．as soon as D．since 14．— What should I do if I ______ behind others in my study? — You are going to work really hard to catch up with them.
状语从句(9种全)
状语从句 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。 1.表示“一···就···”的句型 1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”） 2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。 3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when 它们表“一…就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. 我一进屋，电话就响了。 当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。 I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang. 4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看见他，就认出了他。 We'll leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我刚走，钟就敲了五点。 2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句 1) when的用法 ①when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。
中考英语总复习 状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题含答案解析
中考英语总复习状语从句解题技巧及练习测试题含答案解析 一、初中英语状语从句 1．She looked behind from time to time ________ she went in the dark. A．when B．as C．while D．before 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：她在黑暗中走着，不时回头看看。考查连词辨析。when，while都可表示“…… 时候”；when引导的从句，谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，而不能是非延续性动词；as表示“在……期间”“随着”；before“在……之前”，常与过去时，一般现在时等连用。根据句意语境，可知她一边走一边回头看，as切合句意，故选B。 2．—I’m going to the post office. —________you are there, can you get me some stamps? A．When B．While C．Because D．If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：A. As 一边…一边，作为 B. While当…时候 C. Because 因为 D. lf假如；句意：我将要去邮局。你去那里的时候，能不能给我带一些邮票呢？故选B 考点：连词 点评：连词在中考中涉及到的很多，尤其在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中连词是必考点。平时学习过程中，掌握连词的意思，及所表示的关系是至关重要的，这种关系的判断可以通过句子意思的理解来选择恰到的连词。 3．— Is everyone here today? — No, Lucy is at home ________ she has got a high fever. A．because B．if C．until D．unless 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——今天大家都到齐了吗？——没有，露西因为发高烧呆在家里了。A. because因为；B. if如果；C. until直到……才；D. unless除非，如果不。露西呆在家里没有来是因为发高烧的原因。故答案为A。 4．—Leonardo didn't win an Oscar he acted in The Revenant（荒野求生）. 一Yeah. It was hard for him to realize this dream, but he never gave up. A．after B．since C．when D．until 【答案】D
状语及状语从句解析
状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在英语中，状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的词，说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语. He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。 2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 Ten years ago, She bega n to live in Dalia n. 十年前，她开始住在大连。 The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she bega n to live in Dalia n. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Havi ng had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper 。 In hibited in one direct ion, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take ano ther. 状语简介 概述 状语与定语相同的地方是，都是前者附加成分；不同的地方是，它是谓语里的附加成分，而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看，状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分，有时甚至是更低层次的成分.
【英语】英语状语从句(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题
【英语】英语状语从句(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题 一、初中英语状语从句 1．—Ling ling, you'll feel sleepy tomorrow _______ you go to bed early. —OK, Mom. I’ll go to bed at once. A．if B．unless C．though D．because 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——玲玲，如果你不早点睡觉，明天你会感到困的。——好的,妈妈。我马上去睡觉。 考查连词辨析。A. if如果，引导条件状语从句；B. unless如果不、除非，相当于if not，引导条件状语从句；C. though虽然、尽管，引导让步状语从句；D. because因为，引导原因状语从句。通过分析主从句之间的逻辑关系可知应该选择引导条件状语从句的从属连词if 或unless，再根据句子所表达的含义“如果不早点睡，明天就会感到困”可知unless符合语意，排除if；故答案选B。 2．—I’m going to the post office. —________you are there, can you get me some stamps? A．When B．While C．Because D．If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：A. As 一边…一边，作为 B. While当…时候 C. Because 因为 D. lf假如；句意：我将要去邮局。你去那里的时候，能不能给我带一些邮票呢？故选B 考点：连词 点评：连词在中考中涉及到的很多，尤其在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中连词是必考点。平时学习过程中，掌握连词的意思，及所表示的关系是至关重要的，这种关系的判断可以通过句子意思的理解来选择恰到的连词。 3．You'd better get home earlier today we can go out for a big meal. A．in order to B．such that C．so that D．in order 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你最好今天早点回家，这样我们就可以出去吃大餐了。A. in order to 为了，后跟动词原形；B. such that没有此用法；C. so that为了，引导目的状语从句；D. in order+that+从句，引导目的状语从句。we can go out for a big meal表示目的的完整句子，所以使用连词词组so that。故选：C。 4．---Would you like to go bike riding with us tomorrow? ---Sure, ____ I am busy. A．since B．unless C．when D．until 【答案】B
状语从句讲解及习题附答案
（一）状语从句概述 定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用 逗号和主句隔开。 分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 （二）状语从句详解 1. 时间状语从句 引导词用法示例 when 意为“当…的时候”。When 引导从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性动词，也可以是 瞬间动词。并且when有 时表示“就在那时”A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。When he arrives, I’ll call you. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. while 意为“在…的时候，在…的 同时”。While引导从句的 谓语动词必须是延续性While I was standing at the window, I saw several boys running along the street.
的，发生时间较长，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。While 有时还可以表示对比。While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. as 意为“一边…一边…”。As 引导的动作是延续性的， 发生时间较短，一般用于 主句和从句动作同时发 生；as也可以强调一前一 后。The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his “space”. He smiled as he stood up. after 意为“在…之后”。表示主句 动作发生在从句动作之 后。主句与从句的动作时 间关系与before引导的从 句相反。With many hungry visitors waiting, don’t stay too long at your table after you have finished. If an early exit is necessary, you can leave after a scene is over. before 意为“在…之前”。引导的从 句不用否定形式的谓语， 并且当before引导的从句 位于主句之后，有时译成 “就，才”。当主句用将来时，You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. Before it ended, the theatre was almost empty. My father had left for Canada
(英语)初中英语状语从句常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)
（英语）初中英语状语从句常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、初中英语状语从句 1．______ many children like KFC, I think they’d better try not to eat it too often. A．Because B．When C．Although D．If 【答案】C 【解析】 考查从句的知识。句意“尽管很多孩子喜欢吃KFC，单数我认为他们最好不要经常 吃。”because引导原因状语从句；when引导时间状语从句；although引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句。题目表示的是让步。故选C。 2．- Is Li Lei at school today?- No, he is at home _____ he has a bad cold. A．until B．if C．because D．so 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——李磊今天在学校吗？——不，他在家因为他感冒了。A. until直到；B. if如果；C. because因为；D. so因此。根据下文he has a bad cold可知这里是表示原因。根据题意，故选C。 3．My English teacher has taught English she came to the school. A．since B．as C．when D．for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查连词辨析，句意：我的英语老师自从来到这个学校就教英语．结合语境推断句意是"我的英语老师自从来到这个学校就教英语．"，此句中的谓语动词用了现在完成时，本题设空处后面的时间状语从句用了一般过去时，所以结合句意用现在完成时的标志词since引 导，故选A 4．__________ you have tried it on, you can’t imagine how pretty the new style skirt is. A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．When 【答案】C 【解析】 本题的含义是如果你不尝试一下，你将不能想象一下这件新款式的裙子有多么漂亮，unless表示如果不的意思，故本题选C。 5．China Dream will be able to come true we try our best. A．unless B．until C．although D．as long as
状语从句的用法归纳
状语从句 Adverbial Clause I.本章要点： 状语从句连接词总表：
II.状语从句语法点分述： 一、时间状语从句 常用连接词： 1.when 的用法 a.“当……时”，两件事情相继发生（从句动作在主句动作之前发生） When I receive your email, I will reply soon. ?Attention? 此句为“主将从现”原则，即在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
b.（正在……时）突然 ...was/were about to do...when sth. did... ...was/were on the way/point of doing...when sth. did... ★小试身手★ 1)The smiths were spending their holidays in Paris _ B__ a terrible tsunami happened. A once B when C since D while 2.while 的用法 a.“在……期间”，用延续性动词 While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. b.表对比 Some courses in college are required while others are optional. c.虽然，尽管（放句首，主从句主语为同一人或物） While I think living in poverty is bad, I don't care about money. ?Attention? 和although相比，while语气比较弱，比较口语化。Although正式，语气也强烈。
状语从句解题技巧教学教材
状语从句解题技巧
状语从句 状语从句的作用： 状语从句的种类： 状语从句的考点： ?各种状语从句的从属连词有哪些； ?同一种状语从句中从属连词的区别； ?同一个从属连词在多种状语从句中的运用。 一、时间状语从句： 引导词：When, whenever, as, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as, once each/every time, next time, the first/…time, the moment, the minute, instantly, immediately, directly(一…就…), no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when 考查重点： 1)when的用法：was doing…when, be about to do… when“正在做 某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。 2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别： It is + 时刻+ when… It is/has been + 段时 + since（谓语动词一般为过去时）… It will be/was + 段时 + before (现在时/过去时).“过一段时间…才” 3).before的用法： A：表“还未来得及…就…” B：表“过一段时间才…”， 4).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。 5) no sooner…than，hardly/scarcely…when 刚……就