英美国家历史与文化 答案
Chapter 1 Land and History
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)
1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_.
A.George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Roger Williams
D. John Adams
2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_.
A. Manifest destiny
B. Religious freedom
C. Intolerant moralism
D. Separation of state and church
3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D.
A. Silent movies
B. Ku Klux Klan
C. Prohibition
D. Television
4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_.
A. The Senate
B.the Supreme Court
C. The Department of Justice
D. The Federal Reserve
5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration? B
A. Vietnamization
B. Cuban Missile Crisis
C. Watergate Scandal
D. Re-establishing US with China.
2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5 points for each)
1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal
2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry
3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal
4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis
5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect.
当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。
Chapter 2 Government and Politics
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)
1)Congress can override the president’s vote by a ___vote. A
A.two-thirds
B. Three-fourths
C. Single majority
D. four-fifths
2)There are currently ___Supreme Court justices on the bench. B
A. 7
B. 9
C. 11
D. 13
3)The Founders wanted the ___branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. B
A.executive
B. legislative
C. Judicial
D. media
4)Among the elected political officials, only___are elected by all citizens of the United States. C
A.Congressman
B. Vice-president
C. President
D. State governors
5)What is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court? D
A.Veto
B. Overriding a veto
C. Impeachment
D. Judicial review.
2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)
1)___F_ African American had the rights to vote in 1776.
2)__F__For the United States, one of the basic principles is socialist democracy.
3)__T__American president has no vote in congress.
4)__F__Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.
5)_F__Wilson succeeded to persuade Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Whatever changes in Obama’s handling of foreign affairs, one thing to be sure about is that the changes are tactical in nature. Many of the goals pursued by the Bush administration remain unchanged. First, America will lead. As Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put it, “The question is not whether our nation can or should lead, but how it will lead in the 21st century.” Second, export of democracy will continue, but less with the help of bayonet. Third, military strength and use of force are important. “We will not hesitate to defend our friends, our interest and also all our people, vigorously and when necessary with the world’s strongest military.
不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段，我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。首先，美国将会领导其他国家。正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导，而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。”
Chapter 4 Social Life and Culture
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)
1)which of the following is a non-profit public television network in the US? C
A.ABC
B. CBS
C. PBS
D. CNN
2)Jazz has its roots in the following EXCEPT___. D
A.West African musical culture.
B. African American music traditions
C. European military band music
D. American native Indian music
3)which is not included in the theme of country music? B
A.Love and romance
B. War and peace
C. Past glories
D. Religious beliefs
4)which theme among the four was the LEAST relevant to Ernest Hemingway’s works? B
A.War
B. Romance
C. Death
D. Disillusionment
5)which one among the following writers was an African American? B
A.Arthur Miller
B. Toni Morrison
C. Mark Twain
D. J.D.Salinger
2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)
1)__T_American churches are not only places where ceremonies are conducted, but community centers for people to make friends with each other.
2)_F__Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.
3)__F_Americans only like popular music while little attention is paid to classical music.
4)__T_Country music was originally played and listened to by Americans farmers.
5)__T_Rock’n’roll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Toni Morrison is an African-American novelist. Her richly woven fiction has gained her international reputation. In her novels, she treats the complex identities of black people in a universal manner. And in 1993, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In her early work The Bluest Eye(1970), a strong-willed young black girl tells the story of Pecola Breedlove, who survives an abusive father. Pecola believes that her dark eyes magically become blue, and that they will make her lovable. Morrison has said that she was creating her own sense of identity as a writer through this novel: “I was Pecola, Claudia, everybody.”her other books include Sula (1973), Song of Solomon (1977), and Beloved (1987).
托尼·莫里森是一位著名的非裔美籍小说家。她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球。在她的小说里，她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认知。她与1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖。在其早期的作品《最蓝的眼睛》（1970）中，一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉·布里得拉维的故事。帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色，并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢。莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知。“大家好，我是帕克拉·克劳迪娅。”她其他的作品包括《苏拉》（1973），《所罗门之歌》（1977）和《亲爱的》（1987）。
Chapter 6 Land an History
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)
1)Great Britain includes the following EXCEPT___. D
A.England
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. Northern Ireland.
2)which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text about London as a center of ____? D
A.Politics
B. Commerce
C. Culture
D. Industry.
3) the item that Doomsday book did not record was___.D
https://www.360docs.net/doc/db10512316.html,nd and property
B. Mills and cottages
C. Duties and landowners
D. Pet animals
4)the “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne. D
A.Charles I
B. Charles II
C. James II
D. William and Mary.
5)Oliver Cromwell ruled England for about ___ years in the 17th century. A
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D.50
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)Ben Nevis c a. the best-known river in the IK
2)The Thames a b. who led Saxon against invasion by the Vikings
3)Loch Ness d c. the highest peak in the UK
4)Alfred the Great b d. a lake in Scottish Highlands
5)William the Conqueror d e. who ruled England from early 11th century.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
The city is appreciated for its beauty and its cultural life, particularly during the world-famous Edinburgh Festival, a collection of several festivals of music and drama held in autumn at various centers in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo ( an annual military parade ) is held in the parade ground of the castle for three weeks in August an September. The event is a popular tourist attraction an adds color to the Edinburgh Festival.
这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往，尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间——秋季，在各种各样的中心开展丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节。每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节（一种年度的军队游行）。这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客，同时，也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩。
Chapter7 Government and Politics
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.
1)A bill dealing with finance is introduced ____. B
A.In the House of Lords
B. In the House of Commons
C. By the Lord Chancellor
D. By the Home of Secretary
2)The Prime Minister leads in____. A
A.The Cabinet
B. The House of Office
C. Parliament
D. The judiciary
3)The Conservative and Labor parties predominant the general election ever since ____. B
A. 1920
B. 1945
C. 1950
D. 1975
4)The general election in the UK is held every___years. D
A.Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
5)Statue la in the UK consists of ____. C
A.Practice in court
B. Convention
C. Acts of Parliament
D. Customs
2.Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or false(F).
1)_F___ The Cabinet consists of only important department minsters.
2)__F__ Only the House of Commons can introduce bills.
3)___T_ Tony Blair ran the government in three terms in a row.
4)__T__ Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet minister.
5)__F__ NO. 10 Downing Street stands for the Cabinet while Buckingham Palace stands for Parliament.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Official UK policy since 1997 towards China is to advance its commercial interests and to promote “positive” social and political change in China. The UK retains a political dialogue with China over human rights apart from participating in multilateral dialogue through the EU. In effect, increasing economic ties with China is seen as being the best way of integrating China into international society and also of benefiting the interests of UK business. The bilateral trade and economic cooperation between nations has enjoyed continued development. The United Kingdom remains China’s largest interest investor and the second largest trade partner among countries.
自1997年起，英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中囯在社会和经济上的改革委中心。除了欧盟的多方会谈外，英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话。事实上，加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式，同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式。中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进。在所有欧盟国家中，英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴。
Chapter 9 Social life
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.
1)British way of life has often been described as being___.A
A.Peaceful and quiet
B. Underdevelopment
C. Poor and miserable
D. Materialized
2)Which of the following changes is NOT accurate about British food? C
A.Quality
B. Character
C. Taste
D. Chefs
3)In a British pub one can do the following EXCEPT___. B
A.Order a drink at the bar
B.Order food at a table
C.Talk to strangers freely
D.Talk to others noisily.
4)The sport that is being criticized in the UK is____. A
A.Fox hunting
B. Football
C. Open camping
D. Horse racing
5)Which of the following is a quality paper? A
A.Daily Telegraph
B. Daily Mirror
C. Daily Mai l
D. Daily Express
2. Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or false(F).
1)__T__ there are rapid growth in the post-war prosperity of British society.
2)__T__ British people enjoy food from foreign restaurants in the UK.
3)__F__ Most of the British holidays now are spent by people traveling abroad.
4)___F_ The low price offered by out-of-town malls can be upset by the cost of petrol used for driving there.
5)_F___ Most of the owner-occupied dwellings have been acquired with the aid from the government.
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Newspapers in the UK speak for class-based groups. The two tabloids have a predominantly working-class readership, the “qualities” a more middle-class and well-educated one. Advertisements foe teachers and social workers usually appear in the The Guardian because teachers ans social workers are apt to read The Guardian, which support the interests of public sector employees. In contrast, The Times speaks for what used to be called the establishment. The Daily Express and Daily Mail are more up-market tabloids and have a socially more representative readership.
在英国，针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸。通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者，而“品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者。在《卫报》上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告，因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的《卫报》。相反，《时代周刊》则为所谓国家利益机构代言。《每日快报》和《每日邮报》是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者。
Chapter 11 A Nation from Sea to Sea
1.Judge whether each of statement is true(F) or false(F).
1)__F__ In area, Canada is the largest country i the world.
2)___F_ Canada has always been ranked in first place as “ the most livable country in the world.”
3)__T__ The westernmost province of British Columbia is in the Pacific Region.
4)__T__ The majority of population in Toronto is of neither British nor French descent.
5)__T__ The newly set up of the Italian navigator who landed in Newfoundland in 1497 is John Cabot.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)Canada’s first Prime Minister c a.Champlain
2)Father of New France a b.Ottawa
3)Largest Canadian city d c.John A .Macdonald
4)The official Languages Act e d. Toronto
5)Capital city of Canada b e.Pierre E.Trudean
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
When I think of Canada, I think of forests filled with animals, and vast amounts of trees. I think of mountains high, of lakes where beavers live. When I think of Canada, I see hockey on the ice, and baseball players on the field, holding our flag with pride. When I think of Canada, I think of people proud, to be of different cultures, I think of Niagara Falls, the natural wonders of our land. When I think of Canada, I see the great Sky Dome. I see a place that many people can proudly call their home.
Chapter 14 The Country Down Under
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.( 5 points for each)
1)Currently, Australia’s biggest trading partner is ____. A
A.China
B. Japan
C. The USA
D. ASEAN countries.
2)Australia and China established diplomatic relations in____. B
A. 1971
B. 1972
C. 1973
D. 1974
3)Australia is NOT a member of_____. C
A.APEC
B. ANZUS
C. ASEAN
D. WTO
4)Which of the following is a minority party in Australian politics? D
A.The Australian Labor Party
B. The Liberal Party
C. The National Party
D. The Australian Greens.
5)Which of the following statement s true? D
A.The party that wins the majority of seats in the Senate forms the government.
B.The Prime Minster is appointed by the Governor-General.
C.The House of Representatives has an equal members form each state.
D.The Senate has an equal number of members from each state.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)South Australia d a. the most isolated city in the world.
2)Australia Day c b. the most artificial city in Australia
3)“ Advanced Australia Fair” e c.Survived Day for the indigenous people
4)Canberra b d. a convict-free colony
5)Perth a e.national anthem of Australia
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Australia is the second largest country in the southern hemisphere in terms of is land area, neat to Brazil. It is also the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent. The Australian continent is the smallest of all the continents; at the same time it is also the largest island in the world. The total territory of Australia covers an area of 7’692’024 sq km( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). It is the sixth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil.
就陆地面积而言，澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家。毗邻巴西。它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。澳大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时，它也是世界上最大的岛屿。澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692，024平方千米。（澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据）它是世界上第六大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大，中国,美国和巴西。
Chapter 17 Land, History and People.
1.Judge whether each statement is true(F) or false(F).
1)___T_ It was the Viking invaders that gave Ireland its present name.
2)___F_ Like English, Irish Gaeilge belongs to Roman languages.
3)__F__ Ireland declared itself a republic in 1922.
4)___T_ The Tain is the title for the Irish Celt’s saga.
5)__T__ When founded in 1594, Trinity College, Dublin was open only to Protestants.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)St Brigid a a.British king/queen who found Trinity College, Dublin
2)Maria Edgeworth c b.British king/queen who first set foot in Ireland.
3)Henry II b c.Author of Castle Rackrent.
4)Henry VIII e d.CO-founder of a nunnery in County Kildare
5)Elizabeth I a e.British king/queen who upgraded Ireland from Lordship to a full Kingdom
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Despite these tensions, most of the 18th century was a period of relative peace in comparison with the preceding two hundred years and the two centuries to follow. During this period the population doubled to cover four million, and, while this time is recalled in folk memory as one of political oppression of the majority of the Irish population, by the late 18th century, many of the Anglo-Irish ruling class-once considered too Irish in England and too English in Ireland, now became quite adamantly Irish in Ireland. It is perhaps one of the greatest ironies of British colonization that, in the revolts over the coming century, those who inspired them were largely Protestant, well-born and Anglo-Irish in origin.
除了一些紧张的局势外，相对于之前的两个世纪和之后的两个世纪来说，18世纪的大部分时间局势都相对和平。在这段时期内，人口增长了两倍，超过了400万，并且这个事情被认为是对爱尔兰人的压迫时期。在18世纪晚期，很多在英国的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太爱尔兰化，而在爱尔兰的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太过英国化。而这些人现在都成了坚定不移的爱尔兰人。这也许是英国殖民地最讽刺的事情了，这些鼓励他们的人大部分都是清教徒和出身高贵的安格拉-爱尔兰人。
Chapter 19 Land and History
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.( 5 points for each)
1)The first European to sight New Zealand was____. B
A.Captain James Cook
B. Abel Tasman
C. Young Nick
D. Captain Bligh
2)New Zealand’s highest mountain is _____. C
A.Mt. Ruapehu
B. Mt. Tatanaki/ Mt Egmont
C. Mt. Cook
D. Mt. Tasman
3)The unique flightless bird in New Zealand is ___. A
A.Th kiwi
B. The laughing bird
C. The kea
D. The swallow
4)Mario have lived in New Zealand for ____.A
A. over 20.000
B. Over 500
C. Less than 500
D. Less than 100
5)How many Mario tribe chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British Crown? B
A.100
B. 200
C. 500 .1000
6)The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in___.A
A.1840
B. 1850
C. 1890
D.1901
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.( 5 points for each)
1) South Island c a.moa
2) North Island b b.volcanoes
3) national symbol d c. glaciers
4) extinct bird a d.kiwi
3. Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Many birds species became extinct after the arrival of Polynesians, who brought the kiore (Pacific rat) and the kufi( dog) from Polynesia. Flightless and ground-nesting birds proved easy picking for Polynesian, who simply walked up to moa and hit them. While humans are the most likely cause of the larger birds’ extinction, the kiore is the prime suspect in the disappearance of smaller birds and invertebrates. The kiore and the kuri wre the only mamals until Europeans arrived.
在博尼利亚人来到新西兰后很多鸟类灭绝了。他们从博尼利亚带来了笑鸮(太平洋地区的老鼠）和（狗）。不擅飞行和在地上筑巢的鸟类对他们来说简直就是手到擒来。他们只需简单的走上前去击打它们。人类是体型较大鸟类灭亡的主要原因，而笑鸮则是小型鸟类和无脊椎动物灭绝的主要嫌犯。笑鸮和是欧洲人到达新西兰大陆前仅有的哺乳动物。
英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx
英美社会与文化复习题 L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. The two main islands of the British Isles are Samuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ ? A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English. A. half B ? a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic became the dominant religion in England? B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity D. Roman Christianity Westminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. Augustine C ? William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. A ? Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman Conquest D ? Adoption of common law The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome C. support the Protestants D. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ ? A ? Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ? Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German words to C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______ B. Dutch C. German A. Norman influence. D. Danish The By the late 7th century, A. Celtic Christianity C ? Germanic Christianity B. Edward the Confessor D. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ? the House of Tudor
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英语国家社会与文化(下)名词解释(中英)
The Resource Management Act 资源管理法案 The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander’s environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it , New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 资源管理法案反映了新西兰人的环保意识。根据该法案，法律将土地，空气和水资源结合在一起管理，以确保自然资源的可持续管理。它侧重于人类活动对整个环境的影响。该法案于1991生效。有了它，新西兰在环境立法方面领先世界。 Maoritanga 毛利文化 Maoritanga is the Maori word for “ Maori culture. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their languages, customs and traditions. 毛利文化是毛利语中的“毛利文化。它是指在新西兰土著居民丰富的文化遗产中的所有元素，包括他们的语言，习俗和传统。 MMPR 混合成员比例代表制 MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. MMPR代表混合成员比例代表制。在这种新的选举制度下，每一个选民都有两张选票，第一张是投给选民的候选人，第二个是投给政党的候选人。当第二次投票在全国范围内举行时，将决定各个党派在议会中所占的席数。 The Ombudsman申述专员 The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament. His responsibilities are to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act. There are Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombudsman in various fields. 申诉专员是由议会任命的。他的职责是调查人们对政府部门和地方当局的投诉，并确保根据官方信息法适当的提供免费的官方信息。在各个领域都有首席监察官和专家申诉专员。
【英美文化】各章节知识点
Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.
英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面 是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的 重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的 维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而 不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能 总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联 合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高 地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中， 但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家
《英美社会与文化》教学内容框架
《英美社会与文化》教学大纲 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美社会与文化》是介绍英国社会和美国社会方方面面文化知识的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、政治、地理、社会、经济、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。培养学生成为热爱祖国、热爱社会主义、为国家繁荣发展而奋斗的人才。 同时，通过课文学习和各种实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过学习英美文化和中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的学习有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，文化积累必将为英语学习者未来的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。 二、课程主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的政治体制、政府形式、教育制度、新闻媒体、体育运动、节日假日、社会问题、科技成果、著名景区、流行文化等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。
第四章：英国政府 教学要求：通过教学使学生了解英国君主政体的形成过程和基本特点，议会的形式和职责，首相和内阁的产生过程，当代英国政府的内部构成，宪法和议会的历史由来，英国王室的作用，上下议院各自的职能。 教学重点：君权神授、内战、大宪章、大议会、1689年《权利法案》、内阁、首相、宪法、议会的权利与职能、君主的角色、上议院、下议院。 第六章：英国教育制度 教学要求：通过教学使学生了解英国教育制度历史上的不同发展阶段，当代基础教育制度的特点，高等教育制度的基本情况。 教学重点：英国教育制度的目的、教育与社会阶层的关系、教会对学校的影响、1944年教育法案、综合制中学、语法学校、国家课程、公立学校、GCSE、GCE-A、GNVQs、开放大学。 第九章：英国媒体
英美文化知识点整理
Chapter 1 1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts 2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants 3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three periods Chapter 2 4.Westminster Abbey 5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism 6.Henry II—jury system 7.Magna Carta 8.the Hundred Years’ War 9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern 10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII 11.two camps of the Civil War 12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy 13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects 14.the British Empire —colonization 15.Three Majestic Circles Chapter 3 16.the British Constitution: three parts 17.a division of powers among three branches 18.Parliament —the law-making body; two houses The House of Commons —center of parliamentary power 19.the role of the Prime Minister 20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court 21.Scotland —a distinct legal system 22.right/left wing party 23.a general election —every 5 years 24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states Chapter 4 25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies 26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary 27.the major trends in the British economy 28.two pillar industries of the current British economy Chapter 5 29.British compulsory education —5 to 16 30.four stages secondary education —comprehensive school further education —sixth form 31.two systems
英语国家社会与文化 课程标准
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
英美社会与文化期末试题样式和说明
哈工大 2013 年 春 季学期 大学英语社会与文化试题 (B) Part I True or False Questions (0.5 x 40 = 20 Points ) Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to what you have learned in the textbook. And write your answers on the Answer Sheet . 01. Most of Australia’s u nique plants and animals are imported form other continents. 02. Keats, Shelley and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height 03. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. Part II Multiple Choice Questions ( 0.5 x 50 = 25 points ) Directions: Choose the best answer to each statement or question according to the information you have got in the textbook. And Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 01. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? A. 26 B. 6 C. 32 D. 20 02. Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? A. There is now a varied cuisine for people to choose from. B. Class tension has increased. C. New forms of popular music have emerged. D. Different religious beliefs have been practiced actively. 03. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? A. The University of Cambridge. B. The University of Oxford. C. The University of Edinburgh. D. The University of Buckingham. Part III Filling in the Blanks (0.5 x 60 = 30 Points ) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer according to the facts that you have learned in the textbook and you can select your answers from the following reference words. And write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 01. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: , comedies and history plays. 02. Comprehensive schools provide a general education from subjects like literature and science to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry. 03. Britain has one of the world’s oldest established newspaper industries. The Times , which began publishing in 1785, is Britain’s oldest newspaper.
英美文化的一些知识
1. British personalities(P6)（星） The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152) 2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,international relations and culture（月） Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances. Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulating
英语国家文化概况试题
英语国家文化概况试题 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语国家文化概况试题 I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 1.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales.(T) 2.. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support.(T) 3.Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries in defense policy. (F) 4.Britain has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.(F) 5.Conservative party prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.(T) 6.New England was established by English puritans.(T) 7.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.(T) 8.There are more Catholics than Protestants in the US. (F) 9.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. (F) 10.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. (F) II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of
英语国家社会与文化入门
Part One True or False 1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.T 2The stereotype of the English gentlemen never applied the majority of the British people. T 3、Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F 4、Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language ，called “Gaelic ”. F 5、Ireland is part of Great Britain. F 6、Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T 7、The divine right of the king(君权神授) means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects .8、As the king in the theory had God in his side ，it was thought that he should exercise absolute power.F F 9、Britain ，like Israel ，has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F 10、In the UK ，a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstance.T 11、There are two(three) national parties in the UK according to the text. F 12、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North(South) Asia and Caribbean countries.13、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world. 14、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies ，especially India ，which gained its independence in 1947. F T T 15、The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T 16、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity ，and Anglo-Saxons produced many versions of Bible.17、William Shakespeare is a great poet and much known of his life.18、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.19、The state seldom interferes with the decision of when ，where ，how and what children are taught.20、When the Second World War ended ，Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe.21、According to the text ，the most important single factor which influences British policy- makers is its history.22、The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy.23、The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. 24、On an average day ，an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. T F T F F T T T T 25、The Advertising Code ensures that advertisements are legal ，decent ，honest and truthful ；have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society ；and respect the principals of fair competition.T 26、The tabloids are smaller format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines. They often called “the gutter press ”.T 27、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. T 28The origin of Browning lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. T