2015-2016学年吉林省延边二中高二上学期期末考试化学试题 word版

2015-2016学年吉林省延边二中高二上学期期末考试化学试题 word版
2015-2016学年吉林省延边二中高二上学期期末考试化学试题 word版

延边第二中学2015—2016学年度第一学期期末考试

高二化学试卷

说明:1、本试卷总分115分(含15分附加题),答题时间100分钟。

2、请在答题纸的指定位置写好姓名、准考证号,并贴好条形码。

3、请将选择题的答案用2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上,非选择题和附加题均用黑色中性笔写在答题纸的指定位置,写在其它位置的答案无效。

可能用到的相对原子质量: O:16 S:32

一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确选项,每小题2分,共40分)

1.下列各电离方程式中,书写正确的是

A .CH

3COOH

H ++CH 3COO - B .KHSO 4 K ++H ++SO 2-4 C .Al(OH)

3===Al 3++3OH - D .NaH 2PO 4 Na ++H 2PO -

4

2.一定条件下,可逆反应C(s)+CO 2(g) 2CO(g) ΔH >0,达到平衡状态,现进行如下操作:①升高反应体系的温度;②增加反应物C 的用量;③缩小反应体系的体积;④减小体系中CO 的量。上述措施中一定能使反应的正反应速率显著加快的是

A .①②③④

B .①③

C .①②

D .①③④

3.一定条件下,化学反应2H 2+O 2===2H 2O 的能量变化如图所示,则反应的热化学方程式可表示为

A .H 2(g)+12

O 2(g)===H 2O(g) ΔH =(a +b ) kJ/mol B .2H 2(g)+O 2(g)===2H 2O(g) ΔH =2(b -a ) kJ/mol

C .H 2(g)+12

O 2(g)===H 2O(l) ΔH =(b +c -a ) kJ/mol D .2H 2(g)+O 2(g)===2H 2O(l) ΔH =2(a -b -c ) kJ/mol 4.不能用来说明金属X 比金属Y 还原性强的是

A .把X 和Y 组成的合金放于潮湿的空气中,X 先被腐蚀

B .X 原子最外层电子数比Y 原子最外层电子数少

C .X 能从Y 的盐溶液中把Y 置换出来

D .电解X 和Y 的盐的混合液,阴极上先析出Y

5.下列叙述正确的是

A .金属腐蚀就是金属原子失去电子被还原的过程

B .钢铁吸氧腐蚀时,负极反应式为2H 2O +O 2+4e -===4OH -

C .向醋酸钠溶液中加入适量醋酸至混合液pH =7时,溶液中c (Na +)=c (CH 3COO -)

D .0.1 mol/L NH 4Cl 溶液中,c (NH +4)+c (H +)=c (Cl -)

6.已知:①NH 3(g)+HCl(g)===NH 4Cl(s) ΔH 1=-176 kJ/mol

②NH 3(g)=========液态水NH 3(aq) ΔH 2=-35.1 kJ/mol

③HCl(g) =========液态水HCl(aq) ΔH 3=-72.3 kJ/mol ④NH 3(aq)+HCl(aq)===NH 4Cl(aq) ΔH 4=-52.3 kJ/mol

则反应NH 4Cl(s) =========液态水NH 4Cl(aq)的ΔH 5为

A .+16.3

B .-16.3

C .+335.7

D .-335.7

7.下列离子方程式属于盐类的水解,且书写正确的是

A .NaHCO 3溶液:HCO -3+H 2O

CO 2-3+H 3O + B .NaHS 溶液:HS -+H 2O

H 2S +OH - C .Na 2CO 3溶液:CO 2-3+2H 2O H 2CO 3+2OH -

D .NH 4Cl 溶于D 2O 中:NH +

4+D 2O NH 3·D 2O +H + 8.在一定条件下,当64 g SO 2气体被氧化成SO 3气体时,共放出热量98.3 kJ ,已知SO 2在此条件下转化率为80%,据此,下列热化学方程式正确的是

A .SO

2(g)+12

O 2(g) SO 3(g) ΔH =-98.3 kJ/mol B .2SO

2(g)+O 2(g)

SO 3(l) ΔH =-196.6 kJ/mol C .SO

2(g)+12

O 2(g) SO 3(g) ΔH =-122.9 kJ/mol D .2SO

2(g)+O 2(g) SO 3(g) ΔH =+196.6 kJ/mol

9.用惰性电极电解M(NO 3)x 的水溶液,当阴极上增重a g 时,在阳极上同时产生b L O 2(标准状况),从而可知M 的相对原子质量为

A.22.4 ax b

B.11.2 ax b

C.5.6 ax b

D.2.5 ax b

10.反应m A(s)+n B(g)p C(g) ΔH <0,在一定温度下,平衡时B 的体积分数(B%)与压强变化的关系如图所示,下列叙述中一定正确的是

①m +n <p ②x 点表示的正反应速率大于逆反应速率

③n >p ④x 点比y 点时的反应速率慢

⑤若升高温度,该反应的平衡常数增大

A .①②④

B .只有②④

C .只有①③

D .①③⑤

11.下列关于强弱电解质的叙述错误的是

A .弱电解质在溶液中部分电离,存在电离平衡

B .同一弱电解质的溶液,当温度或浓度不同时,其导电能力也不相同

C .电离常数(K )越小,表示弱电解质电离能力越弱

D .不同浓度的同一弱电解质,其电离常数(K )不同

12.铁—镍蓄电池充电放电时发生的反应为:

Fe +NiO 2+2H 2O Fe(OH)2+Ni(OH)2

关于此蓄电池的下列说法中不正确的是

A .放电时Fe 为负极

B .充电时阴极的电极反应式为Ni(OH)2-2e -===NiO 2+2H +

C .放电时NiO 2的反应为NiO 2+2e -+2H 2O===Ni(OH)2+2OH -

D .蓄电池的电极必须浸在碱性电解质溶液中

13.已知反应:2NO 2(g)N 2O 4(g),把NO 2、N 2O 4的混合气体盛装在两个连通的烧瓶里,然后用夹子夹住橡皮管,把烧瓶A 放入热水里,把烧瓶B 放入冰水里,如图所示。与常温时烧瓶内气体的颜色进行对比发现,A 烧瓶内气体颜色变深,B 烧瓶内气体颜色变浅。下列说法错误的是

A .反应2NO 2(g)N 2O 4(g)的正反应为吸热反应

B .上述过程中,A 烧瓶内正、逆反应速率均加快

C .上述过程中,B 烧瓶内c (NO 2)减小,c (N 2O 4)增大

D .上述过程中,A 、B 烧瓶内气体密度均保持不变

14.密闭容器中进行下列反应:M(g)+N(g) R(g)+2 L ,如图所示R%是R 的体积分

数,t 是时间,下列关于该反应的分析正确的是

A. 正反应吸热,L 为气体 B .正反应吸热,L 为固体或纯液体

C .正反应放热,L 为气体

D .正反应放热,L 为固体或纯液体

15.在恒容密闭容器中A(g)+3B(g)

2C(g) ΔH <0,达平衡后,将气体混合物的温度降低,下列叙述中不正确的是

A .容器中混合气体的平均相对分子质量增大

B .正反应速率增大,逆反应速率减小,平衡向正反应方向移动

C .正反应速率和逆反应速率都变小,C 的百分含量增加

D .混合气体密度的变化情况不可以作为判断反应是否再次达平衡的依据

16.在25℃时,用蒸馏水稀释1 mol/L 的醋酸溶液至0.01 mol/L ,随溶液的稀释,下列各项中始终保持增大趋势的是

A .c (H +)c (CH 3COOH)

B .c (CH 3COOH)c (H +)

C .c (CH 3COOH)c (CH 3COO -)

D .c (H +)·c (CH 3COO -)c (CH 3COOH) 17.水的电离过程为H 2O

H ++OH -,不同温度下其平衡常数为K W (25℃)=1.0×10-14,K (35℃)=2.1×10-14。下列叙述正确的是

A .向水中加入NaHCO 3溶液会抑制水的电离

B .35℃时纯水中c (H +)>c (OH -)

C .向水中加入NaHSO 4溶液会抑制水的电离

D . c (H +

)随着温度的升高而降低

18.pH=13的强碱溶液与pH=2的强酸溶液混合,所得混合液的pH=11,则强碱溶液与强酸溶液的体积比是

A.11∶1 B.9∶1 C.1∶11 D.1∶9

19.常温下,下列有关叙述正确的是

A.NaB溶液的pH=8,c(Na+)-c(B-)=9.9×10-7 mol/L

B.Na2CO3溶液中,2c(Na+)=c(CO2-3)+c(HCO-3)+c(H2CO3)

C.pH相等的①NH4NO3、②(NH4)2SO4、③NH4HSO4三种溶液中,c(NH+4)大小顺序为:①>②>③

D.10 mL pH=12的氢氧化钠溶液中加入pH=2的HA溶液至pH刚好等于7,则所得溶液体积V(总)=20 mL

20.已知25℃时,K a(HF)=3.6×10-4,K sp(CaF2)=1.46×10-10,现向1 L 0.2 mol/L HF溶液中加入1 L 0.2 mol/L CaCl2溶液,则下列说法中,正确的是

A.25℃时,0.1 mol/L HF溶液中pH=1 B.K sp(CaF2)随温度和浓度的变化而变化C.该体系中没有沉淀产生D.该体系中HF与CaCl2反应产生沉淀二、非选择题(本题包括6个小题,共60分)

21.(6分)现有以下物质:①NaHCO3晶体②液态SO3③BaSO4④盐酸⑤硝酸钾溶液⑥铜

⑦熔融的KOH⑧氨水⑨氯水⑩蔗糖。请用序号回答下列问题:

(1)属于电解质的是__________________,(2)属于非电解质的是_________________,(3)能导电的物质是。

22.(10分)(1)右图是1mol NO2和1mol CO反应生成CO2

和NO过程中能量变化示意图,请写出NO2和CO反应的热

化学方程式:____________________________。

(2)我国实施“嫦娥探月”行动的长征火箭中使用偏二

甲肼[(CH3)2N—NH2]作为燃料,其与过氧化氢发生反应放出

大量热量C2H8N2(l)+8H2O2(l)===N2(g)+2CO2(g)+12H2O(g)

ΔH=-2 500 kJ/mol。如果1 mol偏二甲肼与过氧化氢发生

上述反应生成液态水,则反应中放出的热量Q______2 500 kJ(填“<”、“>”或“=”)。

(3) 由甲醇、氧气和KOH溶液组成的新型燃料电池中,正极上发生反应的电极反应式为__________________________________________________________________。

(4)已知2CO(g)CO 2(g)+C(s),T=980 K时,ΔH-TΔS=0。当体系温度高于980 K 时,ΔH-TΔS的正负符号为________,所以在冶金工业中,以C作为还原剂温度高于980 K 时的氧化产物是以________为主,低于980 K时以________为主。

23.(13分)电解原理在化学工业中有广泛的应用。下图表示一个电解池,装有电解液a;X、Y是两块电极板,通过导线与直流电源相连。请回答以下问题:

(1)若X、Y都是惰性电极,a是饱和MgCl2溶液,则:

①电解池中X极上的电极反应式为____________________,在X极附近观察到的现象是___________________________________。电解液中向X极方向移动的离子

是__________________________。

②检验Y电极反应产物的方法是________________________。

(2)如要用电解方法精炼粗铜,电解液a选用CuSO4溶液,则:

①X电极的材料是________,电极反应式为____________。

②溶液中的c(Cu2+)与电解前相比________(填“变大”、“变小”或“不

变”)。

(3)如利用该装置实现铁上镀银,电极Y上发生的反应为

________________________,电解池盛放的电镀液可以是_____________。

24.(10分)某温度时,在2 L密闭容器中气态物质X和Y反应生成气态物质Z和W,它

(1)体系中发生反应的化学方程式是____________;

(2)列式计算该反应在0~3 min时间内产物W的平均反应速率:________________;

(3)该反应达到平衡时反应物Y的转化率α等于____________________________;

(4)如果该反应是放热反应。改变实验条件(温度、压强、催化剂)得到Z

随时间变化的曲线①、②、③(如右图所示)则曲线①、②、③所对应改变的实

验条件分别是:

①________;②________;③________。

25.(10分)某研究性学习小组为了探究醋酸的电离情况,进行了如下实验。

实验一配制并标定醋酸溶液的浓度

取冰醋酸配制250 mL 0.2 mol/L的醋酸溶液,用0.2 mol/L的醋酸溶液稀

释成所需浓度的溶液,再用NaOH标准溶液对所配醋酸溶液的浓度进行标定。回答下列问题:

(1)配制250 mL 0.2 mol/L醋酸溶液时需要用到的玻璃仪器有量筒、烧杯、玻璃棒、________和________。

(2)为标定某醋酸溶液的准确浓度,用0.200 0 mol/L的NaOH溶液对20.00 mL醋酸溶液

则该醋酸溶液的准确浓度为____________。(保留小数点后四位)

实验二探究浓度对醋酸电离程度的影响

回答下列问题:

(1)根据表中数据,可以得出醋酸是弱电解质的结论,你认为得出此结论的依据是___________________________________________________________________________。

(2)从表中的数据,还可以得出另一结论:随着醋酸浓度的减小,醋酸的电离程度____________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。

实验三探究温度对醋酸电离程度的影响

请你设计一个实验完成该探究,请简述你的实验方案________________________。26.(11)物质在水中可能存在电离平衡、盐的水解平衡和沉淀的溶解平衡,它们都可看作化学平衡。请根据所学的知识回答:

(1)A为0.1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液,请分析NaHCO3溶液显碱性的原因:_______________。

(2)B为FeCl3溶液,实验室中配制FeCl3溶液时常加入________溶液以抑制其水解,若把A和B溶液混合,将产生红褐色沉淀和无色气体,该反应的离子方程式为____________。

(3)C为0.1 mol/L的(NH4)2SO4溶液,在该溶液中各种离子的浓度由大到小顺序为___________________________________________。

(4)D为含有足量AgCl固体的饱和溶液,AgCl在水中存在沉淀溶解平衡:

AgCl(s)Ag+(aq)+Cl-(aq),在25℃时,氯化银的K sp=1.8×10-10。现将足量氯化银分别放入:①100 mL蒸馏水中;②100 mL 0.2 mol/L AgNO3溶液中;③100 mL 0.1 mol/L氯化铝溶液中;④100 mL 0.1 mol/L 盐酸中,充分搅拌后,相同温度下c(Ag+)由大到小的顺序是__________________________________(填写序号);②中氯离子的浓度为__________mol/L。

三、附加题(本题包括3个小题,共15分)

27.(3分)可逆反应m A(g)+n B(g)p C(g)+gD(g)的v-t图象如图甲所示,若其他条件都不变,只是在反应前加入合适的催化剂,则其v-t图象如图乙所示。

①a1=a2②a1<a2③b1=b2④b1<b2

⑤t1=t2 ⑥t1>t2⑦两图中阴影部分面积相等⑧图乙中阴影部分面积更大

以上所列正确的为()

v v

A .②④⑥⑦

B .②④⑤⑧

C .②③⑤⑦

D .②③⑥⑧

28.(3分)已知NaHSO 3溶液显酸性,溶液中存在以下平衡:

HSO 3-+ H 2

O

H 2SO 3 + OH - ① HSO 3-

H + + SO 32- ②

向0.05mol·L -1的NaHSO 3溶液中分别加入以下物质,下列有关说法正确的是

A .加入少量金属Na ,平衡①左移,平衡②右移,溶液中c(HSO 3-)增大

B .加入少量NaOH 溶液,c(SO 2-3 )

c(HSO -

3 )

、c(OH -)c(H +) 的值均增大 C .加入少量Na 2SO 3固体,则c(H +) + c(Na +) = c(HSO 3-) + c(OH -) +12c(SO 32-)

D .加入氨水至中性,则2c(Na +) = c(SO 2-

3 )>c(H +) = c(OH -) 29.(9分)CoCl 2·6H 2O 是一种饲料营养强化剂。以含钴废料(含少量Fe 、Al 等杂质)制取CoCl 2·6H 2O 的一种新工艺流程如下图:

已知:①钴与盐酸反应的化学方程式为:Co +2HCl=CoCl 2+H 2↑

②CoCl 2·6H 2O 熔点86℃,易溶于水、乙醚等;常温下稳定无毒,加热至110~120℃时,失去结晶水变成有毒的无水氯化钴。

请回答下列问题:

?在上述新工艺中,用“盐酸”代替原工艺中“盐酸与硝酸的混酸”直接溶解含钴废料,其主要优点为 。

?加入过氧化氢的作用是 。

?加入碳酸钠调节pH 至a ,a 的范围是 。

?操作Ⅰ包含3个基本实验操作,它们是 和过滤。 ?为测定产品中CoCl 2·6H 2O 含量,某同学将一定量的样品溶于水,再向其中加入足量的AgNO 3溶液,过滤,并将沉淀烘干后称量其质量。通过计算发现产品中CoCl 2·6H 2O 的质量分

数大于100%,其原因可能是。

参考答案:

1-5 ABDBC 6-10 ABACB 11-15 DBACB 16-20 ACDAD

21.(6分)(1) ①③⑦(2)②⑩,(3)④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨(每空全对2分,部分正确1分,只要有错误选项不得分)

22.(10分)(1)NO2(g)+CO(g)===CO2(g)+NO(g)ΔH=-234 kJ/mol(2分)

(2)>(2分)

(3)O2+2H2O+4e-===4OH-(2分)

(4)正(或 + )(2分)CO(1分)CO2(1分)

23.(13分)(1)①2H++2e-===H2↑(或2H2O+2e-===H2↑+2OH- 或2H2O+Mg2++2e-===H2↑+Mg(OH)2↓)(2分) 有气体和沉定生成(2分)Mg2+、H+(2分)

②把湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸放在Y电极附近,试纸变蓝色,说明生成了Cl2(2分)

(2)①纯铜(1分) Cu2++2e-===Cu (1分)②变小(1分)

(3) Ag-e-=== Ag+ (1分) AgNO3溶液(1分)

24. (1)2X+2Y2Z+W(2分)

(2)0.25mol/(2L×3min)≈0.0417 mol/(L·min) [或0.042 mol/(L·min) ](3分)

(3)90%(2分)

(4)①升高温度(1分)②加入催化剂(1分)③增大压强(1分)

25.(10分)实验一(1)胶头滴管(1分)250 mL容量瓶(1分)

(2)0.190 0 mol/L(3分)

实验二(1)0.100 0 mol/L醋酸的pH大于1(或醋酸稀释10倍时,pH的变化值小于1)(2分)

(2)增大(1分)

实验三用pH计测定相同浓度的醋酸在几种不同温度时的pH(2分)

26.(11分)(1)HCO-3的水解程度大于其电离程度,溶液中c(OH-)>c(H+),故溶液显碱性(2分)

(2)氯化氢(或HCl或盐酸) (1分)Fe3++3HCO-3===Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑(2分)

(3)c(NH+4)>c(SO2-4)>c(H+)>c(OH-) (2分)

(4)②>①>④>③(2分)9×10-10(2分)

27.(3分)A

28.(3分)B

29.(9分)?减少氮氧化合物等有毒气体的排放,防止产品中混有硝酸盐(2分)?将二价铁离了氧化为三价铁离子(1分)

?5.2~7.6(或5.2≦pH<7.6)(2分)

?蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶(2分)

?样品中含有NaCl杂质(或烘干时失去了部分结晶水)(2分)

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