2014年清华大学考博高级微观经济入学试题,真题解析,复试真题,真题笔记
考博详解与指导
清华大学考博高级微观经济试题
一共十道题，每题十分。
一、二题是证明题，关于间接效用函数和偏好关系的，具体记不太清楚了。
以下的题不分顺序，大概有以下内容：
三、利用完全竞争理论来说明创新是经济增长的唯一源泉。
四、需求弱公理和需求强公理，并说明其意义。
五、什么是生产集合和生产可能性前沿，生产最大化是否在可能性前沿？
六、为什么垄断带来低效率配置，我们还是要部分坚持垄断？（后面还有半截记不太清楚了）
七、关于价格歧视的，比较简单。
八、关于小偷和门卫博弈的，求混合纳什均衡。
九、为什么说竞争均衡必在核心之中。
十、运用博弈论解决一般经济问题就是把市场作为局中人，从后台请到前台，如何从博弈论的角度刻画市场经济人？
第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）
1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）
这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。”
In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I
participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.
2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。你可以事先和其他的MBA交流一番。问问他们在毕业后在公司的头5年都做了些什么。可以这样回答：“我希望能在我的职位上尽力做好工作，由于在同一领域工作的许多人都被提为区域负责人，所以我亦有此打算。”
I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to area manager,I am planning on that also.
3.What is your greatest strength?（你最突出的优点是什么？）
这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你"展示自己"的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。如可答：“我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当做完一件工作而其成果又正合我的预想时，我会有一种真正的成就感。我给自己定了一些高目标。比如说，我要成为出色的毕业生。尽管在大学一年级时我启动慢了些，但最终我以优等论文完成了学业。”
I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done.I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I’d planned.I’ve set some high goals for myself. For example,I want to graduate with highest distinction.And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year,I made up for it by doing an honor’s thesis.
4.What is your greatest weakness?（你最大的弱点是什么？）
你不应该说你没有任何弱点，以此来回避这个问题。每个人都有弱点，最佳策略是承认你的弱点，但同时表明你在予以改进，并有克服弱点的计划。可能的话，你可说出一项可能会给公司带来好处的弱点，如可说：“我是一个完美主义者。工作做得不漂亮，我是不会撒手的。”
I''m such a perfectionist that I will not stop until a job is well done.
5.How do you feel about your progress to date?"（对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的？）
绝不要对你以前的所作所为表示内疚。如可答：“我认为我在学校表现不错。事实上，有好几门功课我的成绩居全班第一。在某公司实习时，我获得了该公司数年来给予其雇员的好几项最高评价。”
I think I did well in school.In fact,in a number of courses I received the highest exam scores in the class. As an intern for the X Company,I received some of the highest evaluations that had been given in years.第二部分、其他常见问题
6.Why did you choose peking university?
7.Why did you choose MBA?
8.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?
9.What has been your greatest accomplishment?
10.Describe your greatest strengths and weaknesses.
11.What have you learned from the jobs you have held?
三、行为面试问题（Sample Behavioral Interview Questions）:
12.Describe the best/worst team of which you have been a member.
13Tell me about a time when your course load was heaviest.How did you get all of your work done?
14.Give me a specific example of a time when you sold someone on an idea or concept.
15.Tell me about a time when you were creative in solving a problem.
16.Describe a time when you got co-workers or classmates who dislike each other to work together.
17.Tell me about a time when you made a bad decision.
四、压力面试问题（Sample Stress Interview Questions）:
18.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with?
19.What are some of the things you find difficult to do?
20.How would you evaluate me as an interviewer?
21.What interests you least about MBA?
22.How do you handle rejection?
23.What is the worst thing you have heard about our school?
24.See this pen I''m holding.Sell it to me.
五、案例面试问题（Sample Case Interview Questions）:
25.A chain of grocery stores currently receives its stock on a decentralized basis.Each store deals independently with its suppliers.The president of the chain is wondering whether the firm can benefit from a centralized warehouse.What are the key considerations in making this decision?
A magazine publisher is trying to decide how many magazines she should deliver to each individual distribution outlet in order to maximize profits.She has extensive historical sales volume data for each of the outlets.How should she determine delivery quantities?
六、非常规问题：
26.It is the15th Century.How do convince the Pope that the Earth is round?
27.If I gave you an elephant,where would you hide it?
28.Why are soda cans tapered on the top and bottom?
29.How much RAM does a PC need to run Windows95?
30.You are in a boat on a fresh water lake.In your hand is a rock.You throw the rock into the lake.How is the lake''s water level affected?
31.If it rained music,what would grow?
32.Describe your best friend and what he or she does for a living.
33.In what ways are you similar or different from your best friend?
34.What are your career''s strengths and how do you capitalize on them?
35.Are you a happy person?
36.According to JRM,Jr.,a fast growing software company asked this question...You have a wealthy aunt who weighs300pounds.Tell me how you would redesign her toilet.
七、其他常见的英语面试问题：
37.Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself?
38.Why did you take the MBA examination?Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in China?
39.Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA?Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.
40.How do the people around you review MBA?
41.What’s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad?
42.If you failed this time what will you do in the near future?
43.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students?
44.Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program?
45.Do you have a career plan in5years?
46.Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student?
47.What’s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience?
48.How do you define marketing or management?
49.Do you think English is quite important in MBA study?Why?
50.Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life?Why?
51.What do you want to do after your MBA study?
52.What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have?
53.Say a little about teamwork.
54.Say a little about management.
55.How communication works in organizations?
56.Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.
57.What will you do if you can’t find a job?
58.Do you think that the economy will get better?
59.Who are you currently employed with?
60.What kinds of opportunities are you looking for?
61.What is your biggest accomplishment on the job?
62.What joy did you enjoy the most and why?
63.What would your former boss say about you?
64.Why did you leave your last job?
65.Please tell me a little about your working history?What kind of fields?
66.Say a little about your educational background.
67.What are your strengths and weakness?
68.What do you do in your spare time?
69.What is your impression of Beijing?
70.What is CFO?If you were a CFO,what would you do?
71.What is the difference between sales and marketing?
72.What do you think is the most important as a manager?
在面试快结束的时候，一般考官都会问，你有没有什么要问的。除非你是最后一个面试者，你明显感到所有的考官都急切的想离开，一般不适合说“I don’t have any question.”可以问考官一两个你关心的问题（Questions you should ask the recruiter）：
73.What changes do you anticipate in our school?（你希望我们学校会有些什么样的变化）
74.Which is the best course in our school?(什么课程是我们院最好的课程)
75.does our school provide some guidance of job to MBA?
最后可以说：Thank you for giving me the chance.I hope to see you again and soon.（谢谢您给我机会，我希望很快能再见到您
1.自我介绍（self-introduce）
Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is***，24.I come from******，the capital of*******Province.I graduated from the*******department of *****University in July，2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching*****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded，quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time，I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books，especially those about*******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition，during my college years，I was once a Net-bar technician.So，I have a comparative good command of network application.I
am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway，I feel great pity for our country‘s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course，if I am given a chance to study ******in this famous University，I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance******.
2.考博原因（reasons for my choice）
There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion，as one of the most famous******in our country，it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly，I learnt a lot from my*****job during the past two years.However，I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development，especially in this competitive modern world.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.
3.博士生期间你的计划（plans in the postgraduate study）
First，I hope I can form systematic view of*****.As for******，my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as**************.If possible，I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word，I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.
4.介绍你的家乡（about hometown）
I am from，a famous city with a long history over2，200years.It is called“Rong Cheng”because there were lots of banians even900years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics，economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here，for instance，Yanfu，Xie Bingxin，Lin Zexu and so on..You know，there is a saying that“The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。I think the city really deserves it.The top three artware are Shoushan Stone，cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware.In addition，it is famous for the hot springs.Theyare known for
high-quality.Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.
5.你的家庭（about family）
There are four members in my family；my parents，my cute cat of9years old and me.My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station.He often goes out on b usiness.So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation，too.During my prepareing for coming here，my parents‘love and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.
6.你的大学（about university）
**********University is the oldest one in the province.It was founded in*******and covers an area of over*******mu.The building area is************square meters.It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations，especially after the reform and opening up.It takes the lead among the*********universities with nice teaching and scientific research ability.The library has a storage of *******books..various research institutes are set up including52research centers.There are teaching research experimental bases.For example，the computer center，analyzing-test center，modern education technical center and so on.
清华大学 微观经济学-习题一 含答案
第三部分习题选编 （一） 一、选择题 如果市场是均衡的： a) 当时价格水平是买卖双方可以完全实现其买卖意愿 b) 价格无升降趋势 c) 供给量等于需求量 d) 以上说法全对 e) 以上说法全不对 答案：d 如果需求是无弹性的，那么： a) 价格上涨2％将导致需求量减少到2％ b) 价格上涨2％将导致需求量减少2％ c) 价格上涨2％将导致需求量增加2％以上 d) 价格上涨2％将导致需求量增加2％以下 e) 以上说法全不对 答案：e 请对下面两句话的对错进行判断： Ⅰ. 在长期内，初级铜的供给比在短期内更有弹性 Ⅱ. 在短期内，再生铜的供给比在长期内更有弹性 a) I和II都是正确的 b) I正确，II错误 c) I错误，II正确 d) I和II都是错误的 答案：a 形如Q＝a－bp的需求曲线，其中a与b为正实数，则它 a) 是双曲线 b) 有一个恒定的需求价格弹性（常数） c) 一条向下方倾斜的直线 d) 是抛物线 答案为c 一条供给曲线Q＝e+dp，如果d等于0，那么供给：
a) 完全无弹性 b) 缺乏弹性，并非完全无弹性 c) 单一弹性 d) 富有弹性 e) 完全弹性 答案：a 假设在天然气的市场出清价格上，需求价格弹性是－1.2，供给价格弹性是0.6，比市场出清价格低10％的一个限价将导致： a) 市场均衡权量的1.8%的短缺 b) 市场均衡权量的0.6%的短缺 c) 市场均衡权量的18%的短缺 d) 市场均衡权量的6%的短缺 e) 需要更多信息才能判断 答案：c 假设消费者消费一个额外单位的葡萄或两个单位额外桔子是无差异的，那么当桔子的消费者量由横轴表示时，无差异曲线是什么样： a. 是一条斜率为－1/2的直线 b. 是一条斜率为－1的直线 c. 是出于原点的斜率为1/2的射线 d . 是出于原点的斜率为2的射线 答案：a 给定以下三个商品组合。 A、包括5个苹果和8个桔子； B、包括15个苹果和6个桔子； C、包括10个苹果和7个桔子。 如果A、B两点在同一条无异曲线上，并且这条无异曲线的MRS逐渐变小，那小：C点的效用与A、B相比： a. C优于A和B b. A、B优于C c. C和A、B相同， d. (a)或(b)正确，c错误。 答案：a 小王实现效用最大化时，MRS XY>P X/P Y，其原因可能是： a. 他的偏好是不完全的 b. 他的偏好是非理性的
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦
清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦 EM-,EN-,IM-,IN-in,upon 进入,在上 字首em,en,im,in是英文重要的构词成分.共有四种拼法,em与en 源自希腊文的副词与介系词,im与in来自拉丁文的介系词,有in,within,upon之意.所接的字根第一个音,若是p,b,m三个双唇音之一,则拼作em或im,以双唇音接双唇音,方便发音,如embargo n.[禁止入港],empirical a.[经验上的],impart v.[传授,告知]等字均是.字根的第一个音若不在双唇音之列,则拼成en或in,如enamor v.[迷住],incise v.[切开,雕]等等. embargo禁止入港,禁止,阻碍 embark乘船;从事,著手 embarrass使困窘,使局促不安 embed嵌入,深植 embellish美化,装饰 emblem象徵,徽章 embody具体表现,编入 embrace拥抱,包含,接受 embroil使混乱 empathy共感,神入 emphasize强调 empirical实验上的 employ雇用,利用,使用 empower授权与 enact演出 enamor迷住 encase纳入套内,纳入箱内 enchant使迷住,迷惑 enclave被包领土 enclose围绕 encompass包围 encounter邂逅,遭遇 encourage鼓励,激励 encroach侵占,侵入 endeavor努力 endemic某地特有的
endorse背书;赞同 endow赋与 endure忍受,忍耐,持久 energy精力,活力 enfold围绕,笼罩,包封 enforce加强,力劝,迫使 engage从事,忙於 engender酿成,产生 engrave刻,铭记(於心) enhance增加,提高 enjoin命令,禁止 enjoy欢喜,享受 enlist服役,从军 enrage激怒,使暴怒 enrapture使狂喜 enrich使丰富,充实,装饰 enroll入学,登记,入伍 enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽 enslave奴役 ensnare诱入陷阱 ensure保证 entangle使困惑,使陷入 enthrall迷住 entice吸引,引诱 entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒 entreat恳求 entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立 entrust交托 envelop包围,围绕 environment环境 environs周围,郊外 envisage想像,设想 envision拟想(未来) envoy使者
工程经济学期末复习
一、客观部分：（单项选择、多项选择、不定项选择、判断） （一）、选择部分 1.被称为工程经济学之父的是（C ） A.惠灵顿 B.戈尔德曼 C.格兰特 D.里格斯 ★考核知识点: 工程经济学的产生，参见P3 附1.1.1（考核知识点解释）： 1930年，格兰特（Eugene L. Grant）教授的《工程经济原理》（Principles of Engineering Economy）一书的出版，标志着工程经济学正式成为一门独立、系统化的学科。他提出的工程经济评价的理论与原则，初步建立了工程经济学的体系，得到了社会公认，因此被誉为“工程经济学之父”。 2.下列不属于建设工程项目总投资中建设投资的是（C ） A.设备购置费 B.土地使用费 C.应收及预付款 D.涨价预备费 ★考核知识点: 投资的构成，参见P12 附1.1.2（考核知识点解释）： 按形成资产法，建设投资由形成固定资产的费用、形成无形资产的费用、形成其他资产的费用和预备费四部分组成。具体P13图2-1所示。 3.某设备原值为11000，估计可使用5年，预计5年后残值为1000元，若采用直线折旧，则年折旧额为( A ) A.2000 B.1800 C.1500 D.2200 ★考核知识点: 折旧的计算方法（平均年限法），参见P21 附1.1.3（考核知识点解释）： 平均年限法又称直线折旧法，是按固定资产原值、预计固定资产净残值和折旧年限平均计算固定资产折旧额的方法。计算公式如下： 4.以下属于现金流入的是（D ） A.固定资产投资 B.经营成本 C.税金 D.销售收入
★考核知识点: 现金流量（现金流入）的概念，参见P28 附1.1.4（考核知识点解释）： 对于某一具体工程项目而言，现金流入是指在项目整个寿命期所取得的收入，如销售收入、营业收入、固定资产残值变现收入、垫支流动资金的回收等。 5.工商银行贷款年利率为12%，按月复利计息，则实际利率为（C ）。 A.12% B.13% C.12.68% D.10% ★考核知识点:实际利率的计算公式，参见P33 附1.1.5（考核知识点解释）： 实际利率是指当计息周期小于一年时，在采用复利计息方式的情况下，将各种不同计息期的利率换算成以年为计息期的利率。计算公式： 6.某投资方案的动态投资回收期为5年，基准动态投资回收期为6年，则该方案（ A ）。 A.可行 B.不可行 C.无法确定 D.以上答案均不对 ★考核知识点:动态投资回收期的判别准则，参见P62 附1.1.6（考核知识点解释）： 用动态投资回收期对项目进行经济评价时，需要将计算所得到的项目动态投资回收期与同类项目的历史数据及投资者意愿等确定的基准动态投资回收期进行比较。当项目动态投资回收期小于基准动态投资回收期时，项目可行，否则不可行。 7. 一个方案的采纳将提高另一方案的经济利益，这两个方案之间是（A ） A.正相关 B.负相关 C.非相关性 D.互不相容★考核知识点:方案的相关性，参见P75 附1.1.7（考核知识点解释）： 正相关性是指一个方案的采纳将提高另一方案的经济利益，例如建设住宅小区与改善该住宅小区周边环境之间存在正相关性。 8.盈亏平衡分析是通过找到项目（B ），据此分析项目承担的风险大小的一种（）方法。 A.亏损最低点，不确定性分析 B.亏损到盈利的转折点，不确定性分析 C.亏损到盈利的转折点，确定性分析 D.盈利最高点，确定性分析★考核知识点:盈亏平衡分析的概念，参见P94 附1.1.8（考核知识点解释）：
2007年清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解
清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试 英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略） Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%) Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage： Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program. 16. This passage is probably a part of ? A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become Richer C. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies 17. The italicized word“ stagnant?，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ? A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because . A. it has stored a large quantity of goods B. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy
清华大学日语语言文学专业考博考试重点-育明考博
清华大学日语语言文学专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博 一、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心) 专业方向招生人数初试内容 复试内容050200外国语言文学日语语言文学 约1人①101英语、102俄语、104德 语、105法语 ②848日语语言文学501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析： 1、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈） 2、本专业有两位导师：隽雪艳、王成 3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。 4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。 5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。 6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。 育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。 （清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537） 二、清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心） 育明考博辅导中心张老师解析： 1、人文学院外国语言文学专业共有6个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。 2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。 3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。年份 录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分 12人/9人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分15人/11人（不包括骨干计划）
清华大学 微观经济学-习题三 含答案
习题三 一个爱好音乐的大学生用他的收入购买CD和其他商品，这个经济并不富裕的学生每月有300美元可供消费。他所在的城市里一张CD卖20美元。（A）如果他每月买10张CD，请画出他的预算线，并指出他的偏好选择。（B）一家CD公司推出一项新的举措：如果一个学生每月缴纳100美元的会费，他可以10美元/张的价格买所有的CD。请画出这种举措的预算线。（C）如果这个学生参加了这一活动，那么他的钱会有剩余吗？为什么？ 答案：（A）如下图所示，令C=CD的数量，Y=其它商品的数量，且P Y=1，则此时预算线为20C+Y=300。如果C=10，则Y=100。（B）新举措下，其预算线变为10C+Y=300-100=200，如下图所示。前后两条预算线交于C=10。(C)该学生参加这一活动，情况会更好些。在（A）情况的切点上，他的MRS=P C/P Y=20（C=10，Y=100），大于（B）情况下其预算线的斜率（P C/P Y=10），所以在（B）情况下，他不在切点上，他将购买更多的CD从而移动到更高无差异曲线的切点位置。 Y 300 (A) 200 (B) 100 U2 U1 5 10 15 20 C 肯特有一份每小时$15的工作，如果他每周工作超过40小时，他将得到50%的超时奖金，即工资上升到$22.50/小时。他只偏好单一商品消费和娱乐，而且他每周可以利用80小时（另外88小时用于睡觉和路途）。假定单一商品的价格是$6/单位，请画出他的预算线。另外，肯特每周会正好工作40小时吗？为什么？ 答案：依题意，两种商品为娱乐和消费，且假定肯特的收入都花光。肯特的收入最多可达到I=15（40）+22.5（40）=1500。预算线等式取决于他是否超时工作，令H=工作时间，L=娱乐时间，C=消费，那么，如果H<40，预算线15（L-40）+6C=600；如果H>40，娱乐的价格变为$22.50，则预算线变为22.50L+6C=1500。如下图所示。H<40时，P L/P C=15/6=2.5； H>40时，P L/P C=22.5/6=3.75。所以肯特是否超时工作，取决于无差异曲线的形状, 曲线在H=40时发生弯折，他不会正好工作40小时。 消费 200 100 娱乐 80 (H=40) (H=0)
工程经济学课后习题答案
第一章工程经济学概论 1．什么是工程经济学，其研究的对象与内容是什么？ 2．什么是技术？什么是经济？两者间的关系如何？工程经济学为什么十分注意技术与经济的关系？ 3．为什么在工程经济分析时要强调可比条件？应注意哪些可比条件？ 4．从技术与经济互相促进又相互制约两方面各举一个实例说明。 1．解答： 工程经济学是运用工程学和经济学有关知识相互交融而形成的工程经济分析原理和方法，能够完成工程项目预定目标的各种可行技术方案的技术经济论证、比较、计算和评价，优选出技术上先进、经济上有利的方案，从而为实现正确的投资决策提供科学依据的一门应用性经济学科。 工程经济学的研究对象是工程项目技术经济分析的最一般方法，即研究采用何种方法、建立何种方法体系，才能正确估价工程项目的有效性，才能寻求到技术与经济的最佳结合点。工程经济分析的对象是具体的工程项目，不仅指固定资产建造和购置活动中的具有独立设计方案，能够独立发挥功能的工程整体，更包括投入一定资源的计划、规划和方案并可以进行分析和评价的独立单位。 工程经济学的基本内容为如何通过正确的投资决策使工程活动收到尽可能好的经济与社会效果。主要包括以下几个方面： （1）研究工程技术实践的经济效益，寻求提高经济效益的途径与方法。 （2）研究如何最有效地利用技术和资源，促进经济增长的规律。 （3）研究工程技术发展与经济发展的相互推动、最佳结合的规律及实现方法。 2．解答： 技术是在科学的基础上将其利用来改造自然界和人类社会的手段。在经济学中，经济是指从有限的资源中获得最大的利益。 关系：在人类社会进行物质生产活动中，经济和技术不可分割，两者相互促进又相互制约。经济发展是技术进步的动力和方向，而技术进步是推动经济发展、提高经济效益的重要条件和手段，经济发展离不开技术进步。 工程经济学是一门应用性经济类学科，技术上可行，经济上合理，以最小的投入获得预期产出或者说以等量的投入获得最大产出是工程经济所要解决的问题，因此工程经济学十分注意技术与经济的关系。 3．解答： 因为工程经济分析的实质是对可实现某一预定目标的多种工程技术方案进行比较，从中选出最优方案。要比较就必须监理共同的比较基础和条件。但是各个工程、项目方案总是在一系列技术经济因素上存在着差异，就在方案比较之前，首先考虑方案之间是否可比，只有这样才能得到合理可靠的分析结果，因此在工程经济分析时要强调可比条件。 工程项目进行经济效益比较时应注意研究技术方案经济比较的原则条件，分析各可行技术方案之间可比与不可比的因素，探讨不可比向可比转化的规律及处理办法，以提高工程经济分析工作的科学性，应遵循四个可比原则： （1）满足需要的可比原则；（2）消耗费用的可比条件；（3）价格指标的可比原则；（4）时间的可比原则。 4．解答： 相互促进： 科学技术是经济增长的先导，对经济发展起着巨大的推动作用；而经济的发展为科学技术的发展提供必要的物质条件。例如新产品、新工艺的研制及其商品化，不断提高着人们认识自然与改造自然的能力，并成为创造社会财富的武器与手段；经济实力越强，投入新产品、新工艺的研制及其商品化过程中的人力、物力、财力的数量就越大,并为研发技术的进一步发展提出新的研究课题和更高的要求。 相互制约：
清华大学工程经济学检测题
《工程经济》课程知识测验 一、判断以下说法的对错，T或F : (每题2.5分,共50分) 1. 在静态盈亏平衡分析中若考虑所得税,则所得税率的高低并不会影响平衡点的产量大小。 F 2．当折现率=MARR，一个项目的净将来值NFV大于零，则该项目的内部收益率一定超过MARR。T 3. 当给定发生在第N 年时的一个固定金额F，若利率增高，其等值的年金金额也增高。 F 4. 所得税的计税依据是公司的销售收入。 F 5. 经营杠杆度DOL的大小可以反映项目经营风险的大小。T 6. 一般情形下，投资项目的期末残值不是一个敏感因素。T 7. 一项可折旧资产的当前帐面价值等于其初始价值扣除其累计折旧额。F(还需要减去相关资产减值准备) 8. 一笔6000元的投资在随后的4年中每年末产生1500的现金收益，则这笔投资的内部收益率为零。 F 9. 对于独立项目，无论采用NPV还是IRR，对项目投资决策的判断是一致的。F 10. 对于互斥项目方案，采用NPV或IRR指标，对项目投资决策的判断可能是出现互相矛盾，这时可以采用增量IRR指标分析，做出决策判断。T 11．在通货膨胀条件下，如果通胀对投资项目的收入和成本支出增加的影响是相同的，则不会减少企业的经济效益。T 12．在通货膨胀条件下，计算NPV指标需要采用通胀调整后的折现率。一般采用通胀调整折现率的精确值较采用近似的通胀调整折现率计算得出的项目NPV 值小。 F 13 如果在项目期末发生固定资产的变卖收入，则该收入应必须缴纳企业收入所得税。T 14. 在项目期末发生的流动资产回收的收入无需缴纳企业所得税。T 15．IRR指标对再投资收益率的假设为它自身，所以理论上，NPV指标比IRR 较为合理。 F 16．ERR指标通过改变再投资收益率的假设，因而消除了IRR指标可能出现多个根的情形，因而ERR指标在理论上更加合理。T 17．在风险条件下，由于每个人的风险偏好不一致，所以不存在一个公共的风险条件下的决策准则。 18. 按照经验公式，当一国希望其GDP在十年中实现倍增，则其年均增长率应不低于7.2%。T 19. 按照IRR的定义，IRR是项目总投资所赚取的投资收益率。F 20. 按照AIRR的定义，当IRR 清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句 1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret. 当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密. 2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim. 相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标. 3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat. 轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘. 4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value. 我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel. 必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行. 6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea. 借助微波导航，海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。 7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major. 我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难. 8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext for 清华考博英语真题+答案解析 清华大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题 Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words in this part.For each sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one that completes the sentences or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 21.Right now there is a sale of 19th-century European Paintings and sculpture in the museum. A.photographs B.images C.status D.stone paintings 22.The more intrusive advertisements become,the more they irritate web users. A.annoy B.dismay C.surprise D.startle 23.Both police officers and high officials here are susceptible to corruption. A.sustainable B.suspicious C.skeptical D.vulnerable 24.In the new shark repellent method,an insulted cable is buried on the bottom of the sea around a beach from which people swim.在新的抵抗鲨鱼方案里，一个绝缘电缆被掩埋在靠近沙滩的海底，这是人 们游泳的地方。 A.frightening B.resisting C.protective D.raising 25.His work shed provocative yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this deadly virus. A.provisional B.seductive C.insulting 清华大学考博英语真题常见长难句辨析 1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.(难度系数5，下同) 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 难句类型：倒装、省略 a本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes.And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number 清华外国语言文学专业日语语言文学方向考博考试内容-育明考博 一、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业方向招生人数初试内容 复试内容050200 外国语言文学日语语言文学约1人①101英语、102俄语、104德语、105法语 ②848日语语言文学501综合考试 育明考博辅导中心杜老师解析： 1、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈） 2、本专业有两位导师：隽雪艳、王成 3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。 4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。 5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。 6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。 育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。 （清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三、二四一、二二六） 二、清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心） 育明考博辅导中心杜老师解析： 1、人文学院外国语言文学专业共有6个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。 2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。年份 录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分 12人/9人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分 综合考试60分15人/11人（不包括骨干计划） 考研视频课程收听 清华大学2004年研究生入学考试经济学试题答案 考试科目：经济学试题编号：807 一、简答题（15分） 1.当消费者的收入或商品的价格发生变化时，无差异曲线本身是否会发生变化？（15分） 答：⑴无差异曲线是用来表示消费偏好相同的两种商品的所有组合的。或者说它是表示能给消费者带来相同效用水平或满足程度的两种商品的不同数量的各种组合的。相对应的效用函数为：),(21x x f U ，其中1x 和2x 分别是商品1和商品2的数量。 （2）当消费者的收入或商品的价格发生变化时，无差异曲线本身是不会变化的。因为收入或商品的价格发生变化时，给消费者带来相同效用水平的各种组合并未发生改变，也就是说，相同效用水平的各种组合中包含的商品1和商品2没有变化，所以无差异曲线不会变化。 2.怎样理解经济学中所说的成本？ 答：（1）经济学中的成本与会计中的成本概念是有区别的。会计中的成本是企业对所购买的生产要素的货币支出，通常指显成本（explicitcost ）,而经济学中的成本除了显成本以外，还包括隐成本（implicitcost ）,此外，经济学中还引进了机会成本的分析。 （2）显性成本与隐性成本。在经济学里，一个企业的生产成本包含显性成本和隐性成本。显性成本是指厂商为生产一定商品而在要素市场上购买生产要素所支付的实际费用。如给工人支付的工资，为购买原材料所支付的货币，向银行支付的利息。它们可以从企业的会计账簿上得到反映。隐性成本是指厂商在生产过程中使用自身所拥有的那些生产要素的价值总额。如企业所有者自身的薪金，生产中使用自己所拥有的厂房、机器等。在经济学中考察生产成本时，应将隐性成本包含在内。 2009年清华大学考博英语作文题目及范文》关键词：考博英语写作 题目： 近些年学术界出现了，学者们盲目追求发表文章的数量，而忽视文章质量的现象，请以“quantity and quality of works”为题目阐明个人观点，书写工整、字数不少于300字。考博.中国 参考范文： The past years witnessed considerable improvement in scientific research in this country. One typical sign is the mounting number of papers published in SCI and SSCI periodicals. However, the quality of many such papers and works is doubtable. One proof is that the average citation frequency of these papers has remained unchanged for years. This phenomenon has given rise to heated debate. Personally, I believe that this phenomenon should be viewed from more than one perspective. On the one hand, it must be admitted that there has appeared an undesirable trend in Chinese academic circle in the past years, that is, too much emphasis has been put on the number of papers published rather than the quality of these papers, or substantial efforts and contribution in scientific research. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to enumerate. The number of papers, especially the number of papers published in SCI or SSCI periodicals has been regarded as the most important or the single criteria in uating a scientific researcher. It is even directly related to his salary and opportunity for promotion. This trend has led Chinese academy to an unhealthy road of development. As we can see, many scholars have become more of writers than researchers. Some even plagiarize in order to publish more papers. On the other hand, however, we should not hastily say no to the quantitative uation of scientific researchers. In fact, the number of papers is a critical index in measuring the achievement of a scholar or an academic institution. As we can see, nations with developed sciences rank among the top in SCI and SSCI publications. Quantitative uation is especially necessary in some disciplines in China where there are not sufficient experts to give an objective assessment. To sum up, we should not go to extremes in this matter. While we should continue to adopt the quantity of works as an index in uating scientific researchers, we should not lay as much emphasis on it as we did. Instead, more freedom and a looser environment should be provided for researchers so that they can give full play to their talent. Only in this way can we expect a boom of science in this country.清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句
清华考博英语真题及答案解析
清华大学考博英语真题常见长难句辨析
2016清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博历年真题解析-育明考博
04年清华大学经济学答案
2009年清华大学考博英语作文题目及范文