上海牛津英语8A重点语法知识点(初二期末复习用)
授课内容:
1.In the magazine &on the magazine
2. Would like to do sth
3. One and a half metres tall
4. My hobby is doing sth. My ambition is to do sth.
5. Sth nearby: a restaurant nearby
6. At school/university; attend/leave school(上学/离开学校毕业)
7. Be keen on sth/doing sth
8. Enjoy doing sth
9. a photo of myself/our school; a photo of mine
10. Hope & wish:
Hope: 1) Hope to do sth; 2) Hope (that)从句…
3) Hope for sth希望,期待 Everyone hopes for snow.
Let‘s hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
wish:1) Wish sb sth 祝愿 ;We wish you good luck.
2) Wish to do, wish sb to do,想要;希望,渴望
What do you wish me to do?你想要我做什么?
I wish you to be happy
I wish to go, but my mother wishes me to stay at home.
我想去,但母亲希望我呆在家。
3) Wish (that)但愿(虚拟)I wish (that) I were/was younger.
4) wish for希望,想要 We have everything we can wish for.
5) Wish sb/sth + adj:I wish you well and happy;
I wish everything ready.
11. 反义疑问句:反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
!)不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是
(1)用one时,后面的疑问句可用one/he.
(2)用no one时,后面附加疑问句中主语用they。
(3)everything,anything,nothing,something时,附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they (4)this, that,或those, these时,附加疑问句中主语用it或they.
(5)everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,nobody等,附加疑问句中主语一般用they(口头语,非正式文体)/he(正式文体)。
(6)不定式,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it。
(7)在there be句型中,附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。
2)否定意义的词
(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing,none,rarely ,no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:
There're few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he:
Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he?
(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it:
Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?
(4)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un,dis,no-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:
He looks unhappy,doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she? 这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
(5)当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
There will be less pollution, won't there?
3)祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:
(1)一般情况下用will you 或won't you。
Give me a hand, will you?
Leave all the things as they are, won’t you?
(2)以Let's(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,疑问句必须用shall we (shall只用于第一人称);只有以Let us(听话人不被包括在“us”里面)或Let me开头的祈使句,问句才用will you。
Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
Let's try again, shall we?
Let me help you, will you?
Let’s have a look on your book,shall we?
(3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用will you 或can you 。
e.g. don’t make much noise, will/can you?
4)Must
.当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:
(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
(2)must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?
(3)must be表推测,用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must b e good at English, isn’the? 他英语一定学得很好,是吗?
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she? 她一定是位优秀的英语老师,是吗?
(4)当must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。
She mu st have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
她上星期一定读了这本小说,不是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
你一定把这事告诉她了,不是吗?
回答反意疑问句的回答:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:
(1)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?
Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努力
(2)Th ey don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的,他们工作不努力
否定反义疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。”
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。”
此时,"Yes"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定。
12. Look for,think of,
13. Germany德国 German德语,德国人
14. Be close to sth
15. Like to do/like doing; love to do/love doing
16. Share sth with sb.
17. A school uniform;
18. Friends from all over the world
19. On weekdays;at weekends
20. One of the top students
21. Have already done sth.
22. Success - successful - succeed
23. Family:家庭成员(复)All of her family work in her business.
24. Put on one‘s school uniform & wear a uniform
25. Luck - luckily
26. Be responsible for =be in charge of= take charge of
27. Discuss sth/have a talk over/at breakfast;
have a chat over breakfast/ a cup of coffee
28. Go to sp. in one‘s car;in one‘s car & by car
29. Drive sb to sp.11. On the way (to sp.)
30. Start school开始上课
31. Achieve sth;achieve A grades
32. Fail sth; fail an exam
33. Collect sb. from sp.
34. Client - customer
35. Attend a club
36. Assist sb; assist sb to do sth;assist - assistant
37. Continue to do sth./ continue doing sth.
38. Work on sth
39. Need much sleep
40. Never, seldom;
41. Wake up;get up;get out of bed;
42. Join the circus加入;perform in the circus
43. Then 那时 back then 当时,那个时候
44. It‘s time for sth.
1). It is time for your study.
是时候学习了。(是学习的时候了。)
2). It is time for a change.
是时候做出一些改变了。”
3). And now it is time for you to move on.
45. Travel with sb. ; practise with sb. (live/work with sb .)
46. Get bored; (get hurt; get + done)
47. Train for the circus; for 为了
48. Fall down; & fall off sth
49. Have a pain in my leg or arm32. Be tough
50. Put on make-up; wear make-up
51. Have a big crowd
52. Perform - performance
53. Return = go back
54. expect to do sth, expect sb to do sth; expect sb/sth(等待)
55. Hot - heat
56. Sell - sale; be on sale; be for sale