新视野大学英语5原文对照翻译

新视野大学英语5原文对照翻译
新视野大学英语5原文对照翻译

A Technological Revolution in Education教育界的科技革命

Para. 1 A human being transported from the year 1900 to our time would recognize much of what goes on in today?s classrooms—the prevalent lecturing, the emphasis on drill, and the materials and activities ranging from the basic reader to the weekly spelling tests. With the possible exception of the church, few institutions have changed as little as those charged w ith the formal education of the next generation.

Para. 1 如果让生活在1900年的人来到我们这个时代,他会辨认出我们当前课堂里发生的许多事情——那盛行的讲座、对操练的强调、从基础读本到每周的拼写测试在内的教学材料和教学活动。可能除了教堂以外,很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校那样缺乏变化了。

Para. 2 Contrast this continuity with children?s experiences outside the school walls. In modern society children have acc ess to a range of media that would have seemed like a miracle in an earlier era. The visitor from the past, who would readily recognize today?s classroom, would have trouble relating to the out-of-school world of a 10-year-old today.

让我们把上述一贯性与校园外孩子们的经历作一番比较吧。在现代社会,孩子们有机会接触广泛的媒体,而在早些年代这些媒体简直就是奇迹。来自过去的参观者一眼就能辨认出现在的课堂,但很难适应现今一个10岁孩子的校外世界。Para. 3 Schools—if not education generally—are inherently conservative institutions. In large measure, I would defend this conservative tendency. But changes in our world are so rapid and so decisive that it will not be possible for schools to remain as they are or to simply introduce a few superficial improvements. Indeed, if schools do not change rapidly and radically, they are likely to be replaced by other more flexible institutions.

学校——如果不是一般意义上的教育界——天生是保守的机构。我会在很大程度上为这种保守的趋势辩护。但变化在我们的世界中是如此迅速而明确,学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面的改善而生存下去。的确,如果学校不迅速、彻底地变革,就有可能被其他较灵活的机构取代。

Para. 4 The Transforming Power of Computers 计算机的变革力

Para. 5 The most important technological event of our time is the rise of the computer. Computers already permeate many aspects of our lives, from transportation and telecommunications to entertainment. Scarcely ignorant of these trends, many schools now have computers and networking capacity. To some extent, these technological accessories have been absorbed into the life of the school, though often they simply deliver the old lessons in a more convenient and efficient format.

当今时代最重要的科技事件要数计算机的崛起。计算机已渗透到我们生活的诸多方面,从交通、电讯到娱乐等等。许多学校当然不能漠视这种趋势,于是也配备了计算机和网络。在某种程度上,这些科技辅助设施已被吸纳到校园生活中,尽管他们往往只是用一种更方便、更有效的模式教授旧课程。

Para. 6 In the future, however, education will be organized largely around the computer. Computers will permit a degree of individual instruction that in the past was available only to the rich. All students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style, pace, and record of success with earlier materials and lessons.

然而,未来将以计算机为基础组织教学。计算机将在一定程度上允许针对个人的授课,这种授课形式以往只向有钱人提供。所有的学生都会得到符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方法和进度的课程设置,以及对先前所学材料、课程的成绩记录。Para. 7 Computer technology puts all the information in the world at one?s fingers, quite literally. This is both a blessi ng and a curse. No longer do we have to spend long periods of time hunting down a source or a person—now, delivery of information is instantaneous. Soon we will not even have to type in an instruction; we will be able to simply ask a question out loud and t he computer will print out or speak the answer. Thu s people will achieve instant “cultural literacy”.

毫不夸张地说,计算机科技可将世界上所有的信息置于人们的指尖。这既是幸事又是灾难。我们再也无须花费很长时间查找某个出处或某个人——现在,信息的传递是瞬时的。不久,我们甚至无须键入指令,只需大声提出问题,计算机就会打印或说出答案,这样,人们就可实现即时的“文化脱盲”。

Para. 8 Less happily, the Internet has no means of quality control; “anyone can play”. Information and disinformat ion mingle comfortably and, as of yet, there are no reliable ways to distinguish sense from the distorted facts and downright nonsense common on the Net. Identifying the true, the beautiful, and the good—and which of these truths, beauties, or goods are worth knowing—constitutes a formidable challenge.

美中不足的是,因特网没有质量控制手段;“任何人都可以拨弄”。信息和虚假信息往往混杂在一起,现在还没有将网上十分普遍的被歪曲的事实和一派胡言与真实含义区分开来的可靠手段。要识别出真的、美的、好的信息,并挑出其中那些值

得知晓的, 这对人们构成巨大的挑战。

Para. 9 It might be said, in response, that the world has always been filled with misinformation. True enough, but in the past educational authorities could at least choose their favorite texts. Today?s situation, with everyone having instantaneous ac cess to millions of sources, is without precedent.

对此也许有人会说,这个世界一直充斥着错误的信息。的确如此,但以前教育当局至少能选择他们中意的课本。而今天的形势则是每个人都拥有瞬时可得的数以百万计的信息源,这种情况是史无前例的。

Para. 10 Customizing Education 教育的客户化

Para. 11 In a change from previous trends, the acquisition of a diploma from certified institutions may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves and exhibit their competence in a simulated setting. Why pay $120,000 to go to law school, if one can “read law” as in earlier times and then demonstrate one?s repertoire of legal skills via a computer-simulated practical examination? Or learn to fly a plane or conduct surgery by similar means, for that matter?

与以往的趋势不同,从授权机构获取证书可能会变得不再重要。每个人都能在模拟的环境中自学并展示个人才能。如果一个人能像早些时候那样“读法律”,然后通过计算机模拟的实践考试展现自己的全部法律技能,为什么还要花12万美元去上法学院呢?用类似的方法学开飞机或学做外科手术不同样可行吗?

Para. 12 Much of education in the past was essentially vocational: designed to make sure that individuals could carry out a single job, reliably, throughout their productive adult years. Nowadays, this assumption is flawed. Few people will remain in the s ame occupation for their whole lives; many will move frequently from one position, company, and sector of the economy to another.

在过去,大部分教育基本是职业性的:目的是确保个人在其年富力强的整个成人阶段能可靠地从事某项工作。现在,这种设想有了缺陷。很少有人会一生只从事一种职业;许多人都会频繁地从一个职位、公司或经济部门跳到另一个。

Para. 13 The explosion of new and rapidly changing roles in the economy makes education much more complicated. Most adult teachers and parents will not have experiences on which they can draw to prepare youngsters for a world in which they can expect to change jobs regularly. In the absence of precedent, adolescents will have to prepare themselves for rapidly changing “career paths” and life situations.

在经济中,这些新的、迅速变换的角色的激增使教育变得大为复杂。大部分老成持重的教师和家长对帮助青年一代应对这个会经常变换工作的世界缺乏经验。由于没有先例,青少年们只有自己为快速变化的“事业之路”和生活状况作准备。Para. 14 The Further Effects of Technology 技术的更深远影响

Para. 15 While computer-based teaching figures to be the dominant technological influence on education, other innovations will have impacts as well. Medical technologies will permit study of students? brain activity and blood flow as they engage in va rious kinds of problem-solving or creative activities.

在以计算机为基础的教学成为对教育的主要科技影响力的同时,其他创新手段也会冲击教育。医学技术可使人们对学生在解决各类问题或进行创造性活动时的大脑活动和血流状况进行研究。

Para. 16 (a) Enhanced understanding of the genetic basis of learning is also likely to invade the classroom. It may be possible to determine which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem d oomed to “difficult” school experiences. Some authorities will insist that these findings be applied in specific cases, while others will vigorously object to any decisions made on the basis of genetic information.

对学习过程的基因基础的进一步了解也可能影响课堂教学。也许由此能够决定哪些年青学子可能更快取得进步,哪些注定要有“艰难的” 求学历程。一些权威人士坚持认为这些发现应该应用于特定情况中,而另一些人则极力反对在基因信息基础上所做的任何决定。

Para. 16 (b) Drugs that claim to improve learning, memory, or enthusiasm will become readily available. Teachers and parent s may face moral dilemmas that would in earlier times have been restricted to science fiction.

声称能改善学习、记忆或激发热情的药品将唾手可得。教师和家长将面对以往只在科幻小说中出现的道德上的两难窘境。Para. 17 Finally, recent breakthroughs in biology and medicine may change education in the most radical ways. If individuals seek to “design” offspring through genetic engineering, or to alter the genetic structure of an already existing person, or if it becomes possible to clone humans, then our definitions of what it means to be a human being, and to be a part of a human society, will be changed forever.

最后,近来在生物学和医学方面的突破会给教育界带来翻天覆地的变化。如果每个人都设法通过基因工程“设计”后代,或

改变现有一个人的基因结构,或使克隆人类成为可能,那么成为一个人、成为人类社会的一部分意义何在,我们对此所作的定义将永远处于变化中。

Para. 18 Conservatism Is Not Necessarily Evil 保守主义未必是坏事

Para. 19 (a) I have noted that education is conservative, and that this conservative tendency is not necessarily an evil. Indeed, with respect to the transmission of values and the teaching of certain subjects, a conservative approach may well be called for.

前文提到,教育是保守的,这个保守的趋势也不一定是坏事。诚然,对于价值观的传授和某些学科的讲授确实还需要保守的方法。

Para. 19 (b)

Y et the explosion of knowledge calls for close and fresh attention to the curriculum. New and imaginative approaches will have to be developed if young people are to be prepared for the rapidly changing roles they can expect to assume.

但知识爆炸要求对课程设置予以密切而全新的注意。如果年青人要为自己期望承担的迅速变换的角色作好准备,那么必须想出新的和富于想象力的方法。

Do we really want eternal life? 我们真的想长寿吗?

Para. 1 Are you hoping for a long life? Thought so. Are you looking forward to growing old? Thought not. Men have wanted one without the other for thousands of years, and have invariably been disappointed. The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon was more famous for his search for the Fountain of Y outh than for discovering Florida in 1513. He never did find the spring that the natives had told him of, and perished from a poisoned Indian arrow a few years later.

你希望长寿吗?一定想过。你期望自己变老吗?不期望。几千年来,人们一直想要长寿,不变老,然而他们总是失望。西班牙探险家胡安·庞塞·德莱昂之闻名与其说是因为他在1513年发现了佛罗里达,倒不如说是因为他寻找“青春泉”。他从来没有找到过当地人告诉他的“青春泉” ,而自己却在几年之后死于印第安人的毒箭之下。

Para. 2 The legend of the Fountain of Y outh may have originated in northern India. It had reached Europe by the 7th century, and was widely known there in the Middle Ages. One painter painted a famous picture of the fabulous spring, with wrinkled old women going in at one end and young beauties coming out at the other. Writers have constantly imagined worlds where people lived to extraordinary ages while holding on to their youthful looks and vigor by various means, mostly foul. In the real world too, people are tempted to try all kinds of disgusting things, from bathing in tubs of warm mud to receiving injections of monkey glands, all in the hope of foiling the negative effects of ageing. “青春泉”的传说也许起源于北印度;7世纪时流传到欧洲,中世纪时已在那儿广为人知。一位油画家曾经画过一幅传说中的“青春泉”的名画,画中满脸皱纹的老妇从泉水的一端走进,而从另一端出来时已经变得年轻貌美了。许多作家总是幻想着有可以长命百岁的福地,在那里,人们以各种办法,多数是左道旁门的招数,保持着他们的青春和活力。在现实世界里,人们也禁不住试用各种各样令人厌恶的方法,如从装满温热泥浆的浴缸内洗澡到注射猴子的腺体等,以抑制衰老的负面影响。

Para. 3 Though the probability of living to old age has risen sharply, the individual human lifespan set by nature has remained much the same throughout most of recorded history. It was,even if mainly in theory, 70 years at the time the Bible was written, and it isn?t much more now. Most people died of one thing or another long before their maximum span was up.

虽然长寿的可能性已经明显加大了,但是在绝大多数有记载的历史时期内,自然界赋予人类的寿命并没有多大变化。即使主要从理论上探讨,人的寿命在写《圣经》的那个时候就是70岁,到现在也没有增加多少。大多数人在他们的最大寿限到达之前就由于这样或者那样的原因死去了。

Para. 4 The big achievement of modern times is that, in developed countries at least, most people are now well enough off to

reach the age they were designed for. No longer do they die in large numbers in the first year of life, or later from infectious diseases and medical problems such as a ruptured appendix, or suffer from hunger, or work themselves to death. Barring accidents, most people now go on until they die of one of the diseases that afflict the old, such as heart disease or cancer.

现代的一个重大成就是多数人因为生活境遇好而能够活到天年,至少在发达国家是这样。在出生后的第一年里,婴儿不再会大量死亡,在随后的日子里人们不会因为传染病或者像阑尾破裂这样的医疗问题而死亡,也不会因为饥饿或过度劳累而死亡。如不发生意外,多数人能够一直活下去,直到他们死于像心脏病或癌症那样折磨老年人的疾病。

Para. 5 The current emphasis in age research is on finding ways to ensure that the rising number of people who achieve the maximum lifespan do so in optimum health, not just die after extra years of chronic illness and decay. Much of the advice handed out is simple common sense: adhere to a healthy lifestyle, eat and drink in moderation, do not smoke, take regular exercise but don?t overdo it. These rules are often ignored, sometimes without apparent ill effect. In a speech at his 70th birthday celebration, Mark Twain outlined his own survival strategy:

目前衰老研究的重点是寻求有效的方法,确保日益增多的达到最大寿限的人能够在最佳健康状况下实现长寿,而不是仅仅在慢性病和体力衰退的折磨下再多活几年。人们得到的多数忠告都是一些简单的常识:坚持一种健康的生活方式,饮食适度,不吸烟,经常锻炼,但是不要过量。这些忠告常常被人们忽略, 有时也不会产生不利于健康的负面影响。马克·吐温在他的70岁生日讲话中介绍了他的养生之道:

Para. 6 “I have made it a rule to go to bed when there wasn?t anybody left to sit up with; and I have made it a rule to get up when I had to. In the matter of diet, I have been persistent in not eating the things that didn?t agree with me, until one o r the other of us made the best of them. I have made it a rule never to smoke more than one cigar at a time. As for drinking, when others drink I like to help. I have never taken any exercise, except sleeping and resting, and I never intend to take any. Exercise I despi se.”

“我的规矩是,当所有人都走了,没人要陪时,就去睡觉。当我必须起床的时候,我就起床;这也是我的一个规矩。至于饮食,我坚持不吃那些并不适合我吃的东西,直到我们中间有人吃了以后获益匪浅。我的另一规矩是每次吸烟从来不超过一根雪茄。至于喝酒,我喜爱在别人喝酒时作陪。除了睡觉和休息外,我从来不锻炼,从来就没想过要锻炼;我讨厌锻炼。”Para. 7 He lived to 75. In 1910, that was much longer than most Americans.

他活到75岁。在1910年,这个岁数比大多数美国人活得都要长多了。

Para. 8 But even for those who stick to the rules, all that a healthy lifestyle can do is to improve their chances of staying in reasonable shape for their age; it will not slow down the ageing process. And despite all the advertising, none of those highly profitable patented remedies so widely marketed nowadays can achieve this either, at least not for now. The only experiments on laboratory animals that have definitely shown a life-lengthening effect have involved subjecting rats and mice to a severely restricted diet. The fewer calories they eat, short of actual starvation, and the longer they go on doing so, the longer they live. But they pay a price; starving rats reproduce less, and starving mice don?t reproduce at all.

但是,即便是对那些遵循这些忠告的人来说,一种健康的生活方式的作用也只不过是使他们更有机会保持就其年龄而言合理的健康状况, 而不会减缓衰老的过程。那些利润丰厚的专利药物, 尽管广告做得很多,市场火爆,但至少到目前为止没有一种药物能减缓衰老的过程。惟一显示的确能延长寿命的实验是用实验室动物进行的, 受试的大家鼠和小家鼠要接受严格的饮食限制。让它们吃的食物热量越少,在不让它们真正挨饿的条件下,这样持续的时间越长,它们的寿命就越长。但是,它们要付出代价。挨饿的大家鼠较少生育,挨饿的小家鼠则完全失去了生育能力。

Para. 9 A different approach might work. To some extent long life is an inherited trait. Experiments with that old friend of science, the fruit fly, have shown that mating flies with long lifespans can produce significantly longer-lasting descendants. But again, that would not be much help to humans: we have long life-cycles, so the results might be centuries ahead, even were we ready to choose potentially long-lived mates rather than beautiful or wealthy ones.

不同的方法也许管用。在某种程度上,长寿是一种生来就具有的特性。果蝇是科学实验的老朋友, 对它们的实验表明,与长寿的果蝇交配而产生的后代具有明显延长的生命期。但是,这对人类来说并没有多大的用处。人类的生命周期很长,所以即便我们愿意选择那些潜在的、能够长寿的配偶,而不选择那些漂亮或富有的配偶,其延长寿命的结果也许是几个世纪后的事情了。

Para. 10 What, though, if instead of selective breeding for longer-lived descendants, we were to manipulate our genes? Now, all sorts of gene therapy treatments are beginning to look promising. The process of ageing is a complex matter in which many different genes appear to be involved, but in time it may become possible to use gene therapy to slow down ageing, if not eliminate

it.

如果我们不采用择偶的方式使后代长寿,而去控制我们的基因的话又怎么样呢?现在,所有的基因治疗方法都开始看上去前景不错。衰老的过程是一个复杂的事情,涉及到许多不同的基因。但是,即使人们不能消除衰老,最终也能够用基因疗法减缓衰老。

Para. 11 Meanwhile, having individuals around for hundreds or even thousands of years would necessitate some radical changes. 与此同时,人类要能健康地活到几百岁甚至是几千岁,一些根本性的变化是少不了的。

Para. 12 If people were to live a lot longer, and everything else stayed the same, old people would soon end up as a huge majority. Scientists reckon the planet will have trouble handling just the 8.9 billion people forecast for 2050 under current conditions, not counting a new group of the extremely old. Even were there shelter and food, these multitudes of the super-old would face a grim life, unless they could survive without extra medical care and remain fit enough to go on and on working, to avoid having to be maintained by a diminishing minority of younger people.

如果人类的寿命大大延长,而其他事物又不发生变化的话,老年人将很快成为人口中的大多数。科学家估计,在现有的条件下,地球难以供养到2050年预计达到的89亿人口,这还没有将那些新出现的、超高龄的群体计算在内。到那时,即使他们食宿无忧, 这一大群超老年人也将面临非常艰难的生活,除非无需额外的医疗照顾能够生存,且能够保持足以继续工作的健康水平,他们才能避免依靠数量不断减少的年纪较轻的少数人群来抚养。

Para. 13 It is desirable for a man to be terminated at his proper time. For as nature has marked the bounds of everything else, so she has marked the bounds of life. Moreover, old age is the final scene, as it were, in life?s drama, from which we ought to esc ape when we grow weary and, certainly, when we have had our fill.

人在适当的时候结束生命是理智的。正如大自然标出了其他一切事物的界限一样,它同样标出了生命的年限。而且,老年可以说是人生戏剧中的最后一幕,当我们疲倦时,当我们已经饱尝了人生一切之后,我们应该从这一幕中消失。

An Introduction to Sales Promotion产品促销概述

Para. 1 (a) Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity. As such, any promotional activities that do not fall under the other three activities of the promotion mix are considered sales promotion. 产品促销是指除广告、个人销售和宣传以外的推销活动。严格地说,不属于以上三种结合在一起的推销活动都被认为是促销。Para. 1 (b) One airline, for example, offered its passengers discount cards that could be used to purchase coats at greatly reduced prices from a well-known clothing company. For our purposes here, promotion is a broad term that includes sales promotion as well as the other three promotional activities.

比如说,一家航空公司向乘客赠送打折卡,用这种卡在一家有名的服装公司购买大衣,价格会低很多。本文所说的推销是一个广义的概念,包括促销以及其他三种推销活动。

Para. 2 (a) The techniques of sales promotion are varied and numerous. The common ones used are coupons, drawings, games, contests, discounts, demonstrations, premiums, samples, money refund offers, and trading stamps. A combination of these can be, and often is, used in the same campaign. When a breakfast cereal company expanded its business abroad, it had to enlighten consumers about dry cereal and cold breakfasts.

促销的手段多种多样,数不胜数。常见的促销手段有附在商品上的优惠券、各种抽奖活动、游戏、竞赛、打折、产品演示、各种奖励、样品试用、钱款返还以及可兑换商品的赠券等。在同一促销活动中,多种手段可以结合使用,实际情况通常就是这样。一家从事早点麦片销售的公司为了拓展海外业务,还得向消费者传授吃干麦片和凉早餐的知识。

Para. 2 (b) To encourage this new eating habit, the company used samples and demonstrations in conjunction with a heavy advertising campaign. To regain market share during an economic slump, another company distributed 1.5 million free samples of improved baby napkins. Each box also had a picture of a little bear. Parents could get baby items by saving the required number of bears.

为了培养这种新的早餐习惯,该公司发动了强大的广告攻势,同时开展了样品品尝和示范活动。另一家公司为了在经济萧条期间重占市场份额,免费向社会发放了150万新型婴儿尿布的样品。同时,每个包装袋上还印有一幅小熊的照片,父母们集齐规定数量的小熊照片,即可获得各式儿童用品。

Para. 3 (a) Sales promotion is temporary in nature. Not being self-sustaining, its function is supplementary to advertising, personal selling, and publicity. To launch Budweiser beer in Great Britain, the beer company employed an "American" theme. It broadcast TV commercials on the Fourth of July and Thanksgiving Day that were filmed in California with American actors.

从本质上说,促销活动具有暂时性的特点。促销活动本身没有自我持续的能力,因而它的作用就是作为广告、个人销售和宣传等推销活动的补充。为了将百威啤酒打入英国市场,该公司运用了"美国"主题,在7月4日和感恩节播放由美国演员在加利福尼亚拍摄的电视广告片。

Para. 3 (b) To amplify its advertising effort, the company used a variety of sales-promotion techniques. It made posters, flags, banners, and T-shirts available to pubs for promotional parties. Budweiser glasses, bar towels, football banners, and similar items were also offered for sale to pub patrons. Moreover, Americans were brought in to plan American music nights.

为加强宣传力度,该公司运用了大量的促销手段,向举办促销晚会的酒吧提供海报、装饰旗帜、横幅以及T恤衫等。同时公司还制作了带有"百威"标志的玻璃杯、酒吧餐巾、足球赛用的三角旗以及诸如此类的物品卖给酒吧常客。此外,该公司还专门邀请美国人筹划美国音乐之夜。

Para. 4 Sales promotion is not restricted to stimulating demand at the consumer level. It may be used as a stimulus to magn ify business people's support as well. In order to get businesses in Thailand to carry one American company's dairy products, the company used sales contracts to provide small retail outlets and restaurants with refrigerators for $1 if a certain quota of the company's products were sold. The American company also had to convince the Thai businessmen not to store other companies' products in the freezers and not to unplug freezer units at night to save electricity.

促销不仅限于刺激消费者的需求,也可以鼓励中间商加大对销售产品的支持。为使泰国的中间商销售其乳制品,一家美国公司同其签订销售合同。合同规定,只要产品销售达到一定的定额,该公司即以一美元的价格向零售小商店和饭店提供冰箱。同时,该公司还得说服这些泰国中间商不要在冰箱中储存其他公司的产品,并且不要为了省电而在夜间拔去冰箱的电源插头。

Para. 5 The use of sales promotion is not limited to consumer products; it can be used with industrial selling too. Many drug manufacturers attract drug distribution companies by sponsoring cocktail parties, trips and other events. Gifts are given to doctors, and doctors' wives are taken on shopping tours.

促销手段不仅可用于消费品的销售,也可用于工业品的销售。许多制药公司通过举办鸡尾酒会、旅游和其他活动来吸引药品批发商。他们向医生们赠送礼品,而且让医生的夫人们参加购物旅游。

Para. 6 (a) The popularity of sales promotion has grown steadily both in the United States and overseas. A questionnaire sent to executives by a leading advertising journal revealed a shift from media advertising to sales promotion. Compared with five years ago, three of five firms had moved to increase their expenditures on such non-media alternatives as booths at trade shows and expositions, displays where people can purchase the product directly, and publicity.

无论是在美国还是在海外,促销活动越来越受人青睐,而且持续稳定。一家主要的广告杂志进行的一项问卷调查表明,公司经理们已从媒体广告转向促销活动。同五年前相比,有五分之三的公司开始增加对非媒体宣传的投入,如在产品交易会和展销会摆设摊位、举办使顾客能够直接购买产品的展销会、举办各种宣传活动等等。

Para. 6 (b) According to one study of shopping behavior in the United States, almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated by in-store decisions; therefore, displays and other in-store promotions are highly effective. If the same decision-making pattern is prevalent outside the United States, sales promotion in these localities should prove to be just as indispensable.

根据对美国消费者购物行为所作的一项调查,除了食品以外,超市里所售商品中有70%是顾客在店内临时决定购买的。因此,店内产品展示和其他促销手段的效果颇为显著。如果这种根据临时决定购买的方式能在美国以外的其他地方盛行开来,那么,促销活动在其他地方将被证明同样是必不可少的。

Para. 7 (a) Sales promotion is effective in helping consumers become acquainted with a new product when it is first introduced to a market. It also works well with existing products that are highly competitive and similar to each other, especially when they have a low unit-price and high turnover. Under such conditions, sales promotion is needed

to gain that "extra" competitive advantage.

某一产品初次进入一个市场时,促销活动可以有效地帮助消费者了解这种产品。同时,对于现有产品,如果产品本身极具竞争力,互相之间无明显差别,尤其是如果这种产品单价较低而且流通量大,促销活动会同样有效。在这种条件下,就需

要以促销来赢得"额外"竞争优势。

Para. 7 (b) A Japanese firm created a great deal of excitement in Thailand by including game cards in its soap boxes, and consumers could not resist buying more and more soap in search of the winning cards. Likewise, most gas stations in Thailand at one time gave away free towels as a bonus when a customer filled his car's gas tank.

一家日本公司将游戏卡装在其肥皂盒中,结果在泰国引起轰动效应。消费者禁不住对这种皂盒越买越多,以期得到得奖的纸卡。与此类似,在泰国大多数加油站曾经有这样的做法,顾客每加一次油,即可免费得到一块毛巾,作为馈赠。Para. 8 (a) In Brazil, electrical fixtures are treated as commodities, and Philips wanted to make electricians aware of its brand. Toward this objective, the company offered a training course, with a certificate and a tool kit as bonuses. The course consisted of four lessons that had a great number of illustrations to accommodate the low literacy rate of Brazilian electricians.

在巴西,用电设施被看作商品,飞利浦公司希望巴西电工能够了解该公司的品牌。为此目的,公司开设了一个培训课程,除了颁发结业证书,还送电工一个工具箱作为奖励。该课程共计四讲,附有大量插图,以适合文化水平较低的巴西电工。Para. 8 (b) The company's problem was that there was no trade magazine specifically for electricians whereby they could advertise the course. Philips devised a program to put up displays in electrician shops, where electricians could pick up leaflets advertising the course.

但该公司碰到的问题是,没有一家专为电工出版的行业杂志刊登这一课程的广告。飞利浦公司想了个办法,在电工用品商店设点展示,电工们可以在展点内随手取阅该培训课程的活页广告。

Para. 9 Since the course was too costly for an audience made up of just anyone, the company limited the course to people whose occupations were related to the electrical industry. Electrical equipment shops were also allowed to participate in the sales-promotion program: stores were informed of the program's benefits and their sales clerks were invited to take the course too.

由于该培训课程的学费很高,任何一个听课的个人都无能力支付,飞利浦公司将参加培训的对象限定为职业与电力工业有关的人员。同时让电力设备商店也参加该促销活动:公司向这些商店介绍本次活动的好处,同时,邀请商店的销售人员参加培训课程。

Para. 10 The techniques of sales promotion can sometimes collide with psychological barriers, and this fact is applicable t o shop owners as well as consumers. Some foreign retailers are reluctant to accept manufacturers' discount coupons because they fear that the manufacturer will not repay them the money they lose when giving the discount. Consumers, on the other hand, may view promotions such as money-back guarantees with suspicion, thinking that something must be wrong with the product.

促销手段有时会与心理障碍发生冲突,这一情况在店主和消费者中都存在。有些国外零售商不大愿意接受产品厂家提供的打折赠券,因为他们担心厂家不会补偿他们在打折销售中损失的款额。另一方面,消费者可能对诸如返还款项的促销承诺心存怀疑,他们认为,这样的产品肯定有问题。

Para. 11 Much like many other marketing aspects, sales-promotion methods may have to be amended. The techniques employed, to be effective, should be consistent with the local preferences. Philips offered a set of dominoes as a premium in Brazil, w here the game is a national pastime. A player holds the colored side up to prevent an opponent from seeing the dotted numbers side. Since the company's name was on the back of every domino, electricians were often reminded of the brand.

如同营销活动的其他诸多方面一样,促销手段也须改进。要使所用手段产生效果,就应使其迎合当地人的喜好。玩多米诺骨牌是巴西的一项全国性的消遣活动,飞利浦公司即在该国用多米诺骨牌作为购买电工产品的奖励。玩牌的一方要将骨牌彩色的一面朝上,不让对方看到带点数字的那一面。由于每张骨牌的反面印有飞利浦公司的名称,电工们便会经常想起这一品牌。

Work Still Has V alue劳动的价值依然存在

Para. 1 During the 19th-century development of industry i n America, the idea of work?s inherent virtue may have seemed ridiculous to those who labored in the mines and mills and factories for a few nickels a day. The century?s huge machinery of productio n punished and stunned those who ran it.

美国19世纪工业发展时期,对那些在矿山、作坊和工厂辛勤劳动,每天只挣几个硬币的人们大讲劳动的固有德行,也许显得荒唐可笑。那个时代,庞大的生产机器让操作者受苦受难,头昏眼花。

Para. 2 And yet for generations of immigrants, work was ultimately fruitful: the sweat of an uneducated immigrant grandfather got the father a start in life and a high school education, and the son wound up in college or even law school. So for millions of Americans, as they labored through the generations, work worked, and the immigrant work ethic came at last to merge with the

Protestant work ethic.

然而,对于几代移民来说,劳动最终结出了累累硕果:祖父移民来美时目不识丁,其辛勤汗水给父亲的一生打下了基础,并让他上了中学;而儿子则终于进入大学甚至法学院。因此,在数百万美国人看来,他们几代人的劳动证实,劳动是可以产生好的结果的。移民的职业道德终于与清教徒的职业道德融为一体。

Para. 3The motive of work is all. To work for mere survival is desperate. To work for a better life for one?s children and grandchildren confers on the labor a fierce dignity. That dignity, a hopeful energy and aspiration—driving, persisting like a life force—is the American quality that many find missing now.

劳动的动机决定一切。仅为活命而劳动是无奈。为儿孙们创造更加美好的生活,这样的动机赋予劳动一种强烈的尊严。这种尊严,一种有希望的活力和抱负——就像生命的原动力一样长盛不衰——就是许多人如今发现不复存在的美国品质。Para. 4 (a) The work ethic is not dead, but it is diluted now. The way people view work is much changed in America. The painful memory of the Great Depression used to enforce a disciplined and occasionally passive approach to work—in much the same way that older citizens in the former Soviet Union do not complain about scarce food and crowded apartments, because they remember how much more horrible everything was during the Second World War.

当今社会,职业道德并未消失,而是淡化了。在美国,人们对待劳动的态度发生了很大变化。过去,由于对于经济大萧条的痛苦记忆,人们对劳动常采取了一种严守纪律,有时是被动的态度——这有点像前苏联的老一代人,由于对二战期间可怕得多的经历记忆犹新,因而并不抱怨食品短缺、住房拥挤。

Para. 4 (b) But the generation of the Great Depression is retiring and dying off, and today?s younger workers, though sometim es laid off and kicked around by recessions, still do not carry terrible memories of the poverty and suffering of the Depression.但是,经历过经济大萧条的那一代人相继退休,也相继不在了。当今年纪较轻的这代劳动者,尽管有时也会因为经济不景气而下岗,受不到公正待遇,但在他们的脑海中,毕竟没有对于大萧条时期那种贫困和艰难的痛苦记忆。

Para. 5 (a) Today, elaborate financial cushions—unemployment insurance, welfare payments and so on—have made it less disastrous to be out of a job for a while. Work still receives a profound respect in America and most Americans suffer a sense of loss, even a loss of self-esteem, if they are thrown out on the street. But the blow seldom carries the life-and-death implications it once had, the sense of personal ruin.

如今,各种精心设计以缓解困境的经济手段——如失业保险、福利金等——使短期失业的困难程度减轻了。劳动仍然深受美国社会的尊敬。大多数美国人,如果流落街头,就会感到失落,甚至丧失自尊。但这种打击如今很少带有它曾经有过的生死攸关的含义。

Para. 5 (b) Besides, the wild and notorious behavior of the economy takes a certain amount of personal shame out of losing a job; if a big company closes down a plant and throws 3,700 workers into the unemployment lines, the guilt falls less on individuals than on a weak economy.

此外,经济生活中肆无忌惮、声名狼藉的行为,也会减少失业的羞愧感;如果某大公司关闭了一家工厂,将该厂3,700工人抛向失业者的行列中,那么人们更多地归罪于疲软的经济而不是个人。

Para. 6 Because today?s workers are better educated than those in the past, their expectations are higher and their prioriti es different. While their fathers and grandfathers and great-grandfathers concentrated hard upon the work at hand, some younger workers now ask questions about the point of working hard. For the first time in the history of the world, masses of people in industrially advanced countries no longer have to focus their minds upon work as the central concern of their existence.

同过去相比,今天的劳动者受教育的水平提高了,因而,他们期待更多,兴趣各异。他们的父辈、祖父辈和曾祖父辈专心于手头的活计,而年轻一代则对拼命干活的意义提出了质疑。人类历史上,工业发达国家的民众,再也无须集中心思于劳动,将其视为自身生计之首要因素,这是世界历史前所未有的现象。

Para. 7 According to the scheme of the well-known psychologist, Maslow, work functions in a hierarchy of needs: first and foremost, work provides food and shelter, basic human maintenance. After that, it can address the need for security, and then the need for friendship and connection with others. Next, the demands of the ego arise, the need for respect. Finally, men and women assert a larger desire to “fulfill themselves”. That seems a harmless and even worthy enterprise, but sometimes degenerates into a se lfish discontent.

根据著名心理学家马斯洛的描述,劳动是通过满足一系列轻重缓急的需求体系而发挥功能的。最重要的是,劳动可以提供食物和栖身之所,这是人类生存的基本保证。其次,劳动可以满足安全需求,并且满足与他人交友和交往的需求。再次,自我

的要求也产生了,即需要受到尊重。最后,人类,无论男女,都有“实现自我”的永无止境的愿望。这种愿望似乎是一种于人无损甚至是值得尊敬的上进心,但有时也会沦落成一种自私的不满。Para. 8 Of course, in America, different classes and ethnic groups are positioned at different stages in the work hierarchy. Ambitious immigrants—legal and illegal—who still flock densely to America are fighting for the security that the selfish tribes of those trying to “fulfill themselves” achieved thr ee generations ago. Working women, to the extent that they are new at having a career, now form a powerful source of ambition and energy. The women?s rights movement—and financial need—have made them, in effect, an immigrant wave upon the economy.

当然,在美国社会,不同阶层、不同族群对劳动所要满足的需求也各不相同。那些雄心勃勃的非法和合法移民如今依然蜂拥来美,为取得安全感而努力,而那些试图

“实现自我”的自私的当地部落在三代人以前就得到了这种安全感。劳动妇女的事业刚刚起步,她们正在形成一股理想和活力的强大源泉。女权运动及其经济需要,使她们实际上成为了经济生活中的移民群体。

Para. 9 Having to work to stay alive, to build a future, gives one?s efforts a tough moral simplicity. The point of work in t hat case is so obvious that it need not be discussed. But apart from the sheer necessity of sustaining life, is there something of inherent worth that can be distilled from work?

为了生计而劳动,为了创造未来而劳动,使人们的努力具有坚强的、道德上的纯朴性。在此情况下,劳动的要旨显而易见,无需探讨。但除了维持生命这一需要本身以外,能否从劳动中提炼出其本身固有的价值呢?

Para. 10 (a) It is arrogant for the well-off to praise work that is truly dreadful and destructive to workers. But misery is always comparative. Irrespective of the romantic ideas sometimes associated with their lives, the medieval peasant or t he man who lubricated the engines of a 19th-century steam train did work far more brutal than that on the modern assembly line. The poor soul who recycles refuse in the streets of any city in India would react with disbelief at the discontent of a $l7-an-hour worker on an American automobile assembly line.

对那些令工人生畏且于人有害的劳动,富人们的大肆称颂是一种高高在上的傲慢表现。然而劳动带给人们的不幸总是相对而言的。中世纪的农民和19世纪为蒸汽列车的车头添加润滑油的工人生活中尽管有些浪漫,但同现代化生产线相比,他们的劳动条件要残酷得多。一个流浪在印度城市街头回收垃圾的穷人听说在美国汽车装配线干活的工人一小时挣17美元还不满足时,他肯定是不会相信的。

Para. 10 (b) In South America, the average 19-year-old peasant has worked longer and harder than most Americans of middle age. Americans prone to depression over the spiritual shortcomings of work should consult unemployed young men and women in their own communities: they know with painful clarity the importance of the personal dignity that a job brings.在南美,一个平均年龄为19岁的普通农民的劳动时间和强度都要高出大多数美国中年人。那些因工作造成精神缺陷而情绪低落的美国人,应该请教他们周边社区中失业的男男女女,因为后者虽痛苦却明确地懂得一份工作带给个人的尊严有多么重要。

Para. 11 (a) Work is still the complicated and crucial core of most lives, the occupation merged with the identity; Freud said that the successful mind is one capable of love and of work. Work is the most thorough and profound organizing principle in American l ife. If movement to new places has weakened old ties of blood, our co-workers often form our new family, our tribe, our social world.

劳动仍然是多数人生活中复杂、关键的核心,职业与自身融为一体。弗洛伊德曾经指出,成功人士是那些能够付出爱心又肯于劳动的人。劳动是美国生活中最彻底、最深刻的组成群体的原则。如果我们因迁居新地而削弱了原来的血缘关系,那么我们的同事常常形成我们新的家庭、新的部族、新的社交圈。

Para. 11 (b) One expert in sociology believes that people like jobs mainly because they need other people; they need to gossip with them, hang out with them, and to build relationships. In his words, “the workplace performs the function of a community.” 一位社会学家认为,人们喜欢工作主要是因为他们需要别人,他们需要同别人聊天、需要同别人来往、需要同别人建立关系。用他的话来说就是:“劳动场所发挥着社区的功能。”

Para. 12 Unless it is dishonest or destructive—the labor of a thief, say—all work has intrinsic value that is rarely understood as it once was. Work is the way that we tend the world, the way that people connect. It is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life—in individuals and in civilizations.

除了那些不诚实的或有害的劳动——比如说小偷的劳动——所有劳动都有其固有价值。人们曾经了解劳动的固有价值,但这一价值现已鲜为人知。劳动是人们报效社会的途径,是人们相互联系的途径。劳动是生活最有力、最生动的体现——无论对于个人还是对于文明社会都是如此。

V ancouver: A City Risen from the Forest温哥华:一座在森林中拔地而起的城市

Para. 1 During a visit to V ancouver one is told over and over how young the city is and how recently the vast Canadian West was settled. As a poster at a forty-story high, 360-degree viewing room in downtown V ancouver reminded me, by the 1700s virtually the entire map of America had been filled in except for the continent?s northwest coast. Here, although ships from Spain, Ru ssia, and Britain had first poked along the shores in the 1770s, no one actually set foot on land, leaving the native population as sole tenants of the remote forests for a little while longer.

人们在参观温哥华期间,会反复地听人说这座城市是多么的年轻,广阔的加拿大西部有人定居也就是近期的事。温哥华市中心有一个40层楼高的360度的全方位观景室,室内的一幅招贴画使我想起,18世纪的整个美洲大陆实际上都已被人占住,剩下的只是西北海岸了。18世纪70年代,西班牙、俄国和英国的轮船沿着这里的海岸线探索,但实际上无人登陆,从而使土著人得以在此后一段时间内依然是这片偏僻森林的惟一居住者。

Para. 2 In 1792 the British ship captain George Vancouver and a Spanish ship captain arrived simultaneously off what is now the site of the campus of the University of British Columbia. The two had an entirely cordial breakfast meeting on the British ship, compared notes, wished each other well, and sailed away. Earlier on this same trip, Captain V ancouver had passed right by the mouth of the Columbia River at Cape Disappointment, where he noticed a small inlet that bore no promise of a great river. This blunder may well have shaped the future of the entire Pacific Northeast. A month later it was an American who sailed inland on the Columbia, laying the basis for the United States? future claim to much of the region. Despite Captain V ancouver?s m istake, he is still remembered in the name of this present-day city of more than one million.

1792年,英国船长乔治·温哥华和一名西班牙船长同时到达了离现在英属哥伦比亚大学校园不远的地方。两位船长在英国轮船上友好地共进早餐,交流航行记录,互相祝福,然后又各奔东西。在此次航行的早些时候,温哥华船长恰好在失望角经过了哥伦比亚河的河口;在那里他注意到了一个小海湾,但那看上去不像是一条大河的出口。这是一个严重的错误,它可能改变了整个太平洋东北岸的前途。一个月之后,一名美国人沿着哥伦比亚河向内陆方向航行,这为日后美国索取西北部的大片土地奠定了基础。尽管温哥华船长有那次失误,这座如今拥有100多万人口的城市仍以他的名字命名,以表示对他的纪念。

Para. 3 In a place that has seen so many changes, it takes some effort to imagine the untouched forest of two hundred years ago. Some t rade vessels, mostly American, followed the first explorers, but it wasn?t until the 1860s that white pioneers appeared. Eve n in 1890, one major street “was just an opening slashed in the forest; a solid wall of trees on both sides...with timber so ta ll you had to look straight up to see the sky”.

在经历了许多变化的地方,很难想象200年前这里竟是一片原始森林。一些商船是随首批探险者来的,其中多数是美国商船。但是直到19世纪60年代白人拓荒者才在这里定居。甚至到了1890年,这里的一条主要街道“依然是森林中一条砍伐出来的通道,两旁是密密实实的树墙,树身高大,你只能仰头直视才能看见天空” 。

Para. 4 Later on, an American entrepreneur saw the futur e here. “A thousand factors...are contributing toward the development of the great western country,” he wrote. “Seattle and V ancouver are destined to be vast centers. V ancouver, with its wonderful surroundings, will probably be the largest city of all and become the greatest commercial port on the Pacific.”

后来,一位美国企业家看到了这个地方的未来。“开发大西部的因素成百上千,” 他这样写道,“西雅图和温哥华命中注定会成为巨大的中心。温哥华拥有极好的环境,它可能会成为太平洋沿岸最大的城市和最大的商业港口。”

Para. 5 A good first view of the setting from which V ancouver gained its destiny is offered at the Landing, an agreeable brick shopping center where several blocks of old warehouses and offices have been restored. From the Landing?s second floor you ca n look out across the harbor and to the remarkably close mountains on the other side. The bay is alive with excursion boats, ferries, and yachts. A dozen large freight ships lie farther out at anchor. To the left rise the huge, white sails that form the roof of Canada Place, which holds a convention center, a hotel, and docks where cruise ships stop.

温哥华有今天的地位,得益于它的周围环境,而在兰定能让人最先饱览这一景色了。兰定是一个砖砌购物中心,很受人们喜爱,那里有好几座陈旧库房和办公房得到了重新修复。从兰定的二楼你可以眺望港口,看到另一侧近在咫尺的群山。港湾很繁忙,游轮、渡轮和游艇等往来不断。稍远处停泊着十几只大货船。它的左边高高耸起巨大的白帆,它们构成了加拿大广场的屋顶,广场内设有一个会议中心和一家旅馆,以及游船停靠的码头。

Para. 6 The large, tree-covered peninsula across the water is Stanley Park, a thousand-acre sea of green for which the original city leaders made provision just about a day after V ancouver got its name. The clean break of the park's forest with the “st eel and glass” city is a strong reminder of how the city of V ancouver virtually erupted from its surrounding paradise.

海湾对面被大片树林覆盖的半岛是有1,000英亩林海的斯坦利公园。就在温哥华命名大约一天之后,该市最初的领导人就为规划这片树林做好了准备。公园中的森林与这座“钢铁和玻璃”构成的城市界限分明,强烈地向人们展示着温哥华当初是如何在这片美丽的土地上崛起的。

Para. 7 From Heritage Harbor, home to a collection of antique boats, a tiny ferry goes to Granville Island every fifteen minutes. What Granville Island?s management calls an urban park is a place like no other.

从古船收集地赫里蒂奇港到格兰维尔岛每15分钟就有一艘小渡轮。格兰维尔岛的管理人员所称的城市公园是一个独一无二的地方。

Para. 8 Granville Island began life as nothing but barren sand, where nearby waters offered rich fishing for the local Indians. With the city?s growth, the banks of the island became ripe for change into a prime industrial site attached by a bridge to t he heart of downtown. Later, as the factories and mills that had come to inhabit the island moved away, what remained was shabby and neglected.

格兰维尔岛最初只是一片贫瘠的沙地,它周边的海域为当地的印第安人提供了丰富的渔业资源。随着城市的发展,海岛沿岸改建为重要的工业基地,并有大桥与市中心相连。之后,随着原先落户海岛的工厂和作坊的迁出,留下的是破旧不堪、被人遗忘的土地。

Para. 9 In 1972, with federal help, the city began to restore the place. The cement works remained; a wire factory and a business that brews beer were also lured there. So were an art school, a theater, crafts workers, a vast public market, and a variety of restaurants. A hotel and boat docks wer e placed at one end of the island, and a park grew along Granville?s southern margin. V ery little was modified; today all the structures wear the same metal sides as the original factories. Since there were no pedestrian paths in the old place, there are none now, forcing visitors to dodge cars and cement trucks. This is by design. “It has always been this way,” I read on a sign at the information center. The goal is “to keep a balance between people going about with their lunch buckets, working eight t o four in a factory, and rich people just coming down to the island to shop”.

到1972年,在联邦政府的帮助下,温哥华开始重建格兰维尔岛。水泥厂还在;一家电线厂和啤酒厂也被吸引过来;来这里的还有一所艺术学校、一座剧院、大量能工巧匠、一家大型公共集市以及各式的餐馆。海岛的一端有一座旅馆和一些轮船码头,一座公园沿着格兰维尔岛的南缘延伸。格兰维尔岛几乎一切如故;今天,所有建筑物的外墙面都是金属构造,与当年的工厂完全相同。由于原来的地方没有人行道,现在也没有,所以参观者不得不小心地避开来往的汽车和运送水泥的卡车。这是设计的要求。我在信息中心的告示牌上读到,“一直都是这样安排的。” 我继续读下去才知道其目的是“为了使在工厂从早上八点工作到下午四点,而中午提着午餐随处乱跑的工人和那些在此时来海岛购物的富豪保持和谐”。

Para. 10 All of this spreads, as cheerful and busy on a rainy day as on a sunny one, beneath the arch of a tall bridge, which gives the scene an industrial flavor wherever you look.

无论是雨天还是晴天,大桥的拱形结构下面都是一片欣欣向荣和熙熙攘攘的景象;无论从哪里观看,这一景象都增添了一种工业气息。

Para. 11 Granville Island is a huge success with the people of V ancouver. Among the amazing annual figure of six mil lion visitors, out-of-town tourists constitute no more than a quarter. After the second year, a city spokesman told me, the whole operation cost the city government not one cent. What is so fine for those of us who love cities is that this unique balance of the elements of urban life succeeds in reviving the area without adding the perfume of affluence that so often undermines the ori ginal flavor of a working-class neighborhood.

格兰维尔岛是温哥华人民的巨大成功。在每年为数惊人的600万参观者中,外地的游客不足四分之一。该城市的发言人告诉我,格兰维尔岛建成两年后,整个运营没有花市政府一分钱。对于我们热爱城市的人来说,最美好的就是城市生活的方方面面都达到无与伦比的和谐,这振兴了该地区,且没有增添任何富裕的气氛,而这种气氛常会冲淡当地工人阶级的本色。Para. 12 Y ou would feel better on a visit to V ancouver to hang out on the deck of the public market on Granville Island with a cup of coffee and a pastry. Turn your eyes toward the bays where the first explorers stopped, and then glimpse off to Stanley Park, all that remains of the original virgin forest. If that forest couldn?t have been frozen in place, —and history rarely offers up such opportunities, —then this is a pretty good substitute.

当你参观温哥华的时候,在格兰维尔岛公共集市的露天平台上悠闲自得地逛一逛,喝上一杯咖啡,品尝一些酥皮糕点,你的感觉会更加美好。举目注视第一批探险者落脚的海湾,再看一眼斯坦利公园,那最初的原始森林在这里都留存如故。如果那片森林不能够保存完好的话,——历史极少会提供这样的机遇,——那么它演变成今天的状况也是相当不错的。

Identity Theft: A New Epidemic盗用他人身份:一种新型犯罪

Para. 1. March 27, 1997, dawned as a normal day at the Collins? home. By the middle of the morning, Jack Collins was at his desk, writing checks, paying bills the way he always had: on time.

1997年3月27日,天刚刚亮,对柯林斯一家来说,这是正常一天的开始。上午过了一半,杰克? 柯林斯坐在桌前开支票付账单——他付账一贯是信守时间的。

Para. 2 Then the phone rang, and the nightmare began. 接着,电话铃响了,噩梦也就从此开始。

Para. 3 An investigator for a bank was on the line, asking in a stern voice why Collins, a university physicist, was late on payments for a $27,000 car, bought in V irginia the previous year.

打电话的是一家银行的调查员,他用严厉的口吻质问柯林斯——一位在大学里工作的物理学家——为什么前一年在弗吉尼亚买了一辆价值27, 000美元的汽车,却逾期付款。

Para. 4 “I don?t have a car like this,” Collins protested. The last time he had set foot in Virginia was as an officer at a submarine base, three decades ago. But his name was on the contract, and so was his Social Security Number. “我没有你所说的车,”柯林斯申辩道。他上一次到弗吉尼亚时还是潜水艇基地的一名军官,那已是30年前的事了。然而购车合同上有他的名字,还有他的社会保险号码。

Para. 5 During the months that ensued, he and his wife learned that someone had bought four more cars and 28 other items—worth $113,000 in all—in their name. Their hitherto good credit record had been destroyed. “After a lifetime of being conscientious,” says Collins, “all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal.”在接下来的几个月里,他和妻子得知有人假冒他们的名义又买了四辆车和28件其他物品,总价值为113,000美元。他们在此以前建立的良好信誉被毁掉了。“我一辈子没有做过亏心事,”柯林斯说,“现在我一下子被指控偷窃,并被当成罪犯来看待。”

Para. 6 This is what it means to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast-growing crime: identity theft.

这就是成为身份盗窃——一种虽非暴力,但让人害怕且增长迅速的犯罪——的受害人的后果。

Para. 7 It happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year, according to government figures.

政府的统计数字表明,每年至少有50万人成为这一犯罪新的受害者。

Para. 8 And it happens very easily because every identification number you have — Social Security, credit card, driver?s license, telephone —“is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods,” says a fraud program manager of the US Postal Service. “So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, I?m not becoming you,but to the credit card company I?ve become your account.”

这类事情很容易发生,因为你所有的身份证件号码,诸如社会保险号码、信用卡号、驾照号以及电话号码,“都可能是开启你存储钱物的钥匙,”美国邮政总局的一位反诈骗项目主管说道。“因此,如果你把信用卡收据扔掉,我捡到后使用上面的号码,我不会变成你,但对信用卡公司来说,我就变成了你的账户。”

Para. 9 One major problem, experts say, is that the Social Security Number (SSN)—originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes—has become the universal way to identify people. It is used as identification by the military, colleges and in billions of commercial transactions.

专家认为,主要问题在于,社会保险号码现在成了确认身份的普遍方式——而它原来只用于领取退休养老金和纳税。如今在军队、大学以及数以亿计的商业交易中,它都被当作身份的证明。

Para. 10 Y et a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wallet, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext. 然而,精明的窃贼能轻而易举地攫取你的社会保险号码,除了偷你的钱包外,还可以从你的信箱中窃取邮件,从你的垃圾中寻找你扔掉的收据和账单,或者打个电话以某种借口问到你的号码。

Para. 11 Using your SSN, the thief applies for a credit card in your name, asking that it be sent to a different address t han yours, and uses it for multiple purchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment. 窃贼使用你的社会保险号码,就能以你的名义申请信用卡,要求把它寄到别的地址,然后用它去做很多事情。几个月后,信用卡公司或其催债机构就会来催你付钱。

Para.12Y ou don?t have to pay the debt, but you must clean up your damaged credit record. That means getting a police report and

copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit report, which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort. 尽管你不必偿还这笔债款,但是你必须清除不良的信用记录。这就意味着你首先必须得到一份警方的报告和一份假冒合同的复印件,然后凭着这些材料把关于你的诈骗行为的不实记录从你的信用报告中删除。其中的每一步办起来都得费九牛二虎之力。

Para. 13 In the Collins? case, the clearance of the erroneous charges from their record required three years of poring over records and $6,000 in solicitor?s fees. In the meantime, they were denied a loan to build a vacation home, forced to pay cash for a new heating and cooling system, hounded by debt collectors, and embarrassed by the spectacle of having their home watched by investigators looking for the missing car. 就柯林斯一家的案子来说,为了消除对他们信用记录上的不实指控,不但花了三年时间来仔细审查信用记录,而且还花了6,000美元的律师费。在此期间,他们盖度假住房的贷款申请遭到了拒绝,被迫用现金购买取暖和制冷系统,讨债者对他们纠缠不休,还有调查人员监视他们的家,以期寻找失踪的汽车,这一情景也让他们十分难堪。

Para. 14 Of course, thousands of people are caught and prosecuted for identity theft. But it was only last year that Congress made identity theft itself a federal crime. That law set up a special government office to help victims regain their lost credit and to streamline police efforts by tracking cases on a national scale.

当然,有成千上万的人由于盗用他人身份而被逮捕并被起诉,但是直到去年国会才将盗用他人身份定为一项全国性的罪行,并依法建立了一个专门的政府办公室,来帮助受害者恢复他们失去的信用以及允许警方在全国范围内追踪调查以提高办案效率。

Para15Consumer advocates say this may help but will not address the basic problems, which, they believe, are causing the outbreak in identity theft: industry?s rush to attract more customers by issuing instant credit, inadequate checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers' personal information.维护消费者权益的人士认为,这一做法会有所帮助,但是解决不了根本问题。他们认为盗用他人身份之所以突然猖獗,其根本问题在于,一些企业为了吸引更多顾客,即时发放信用卡,身份验证不严,对消费者的个人信息也远远缺少法律保护。

Para. 16 Several proposed laws have attempted to protect personal privacy and avert fraud by limiting the use of SSNs in commerce. The most comprehensive would prohibit businesses from obtaining or distributing anyone?s SSN unless they have been authorized to do so by that person—in writing.

目前已经有几项法律提案试图在商业活动中限制使用社会保险号码以保护个人稳私,防止欺诈。最全面的提案将会禁止商家获取或者散发任何人的社会保险号码,除非商家得到了顾客本人的书面授权。

Para. 17 Also, the law would clamp down on the selling of “credit headers”—the top portion of credit reports— without consent. Each lists a consumer?s name, address and telephone number, mother?s family name, date of birth and Social Security Number. T he credit bureaus have admitted that selling headers earns them tens of millions of dollars annually.另外,该法律将取缔在未经同意的情况下出售“信用页眉”,也就是资信调查报告顶端的那个部分,上面列有顾客的姓名、地址、电话号码、母亲的姓氏、生日和社会保险号码。信用调查所承认,出售“信用页眉”每年给他们带来数千万美元的收入。

Para. 18 The law faces fierce resistance from the credit industry, which argues that withholding consumer information and remov ing the SSN as the universal criterion for establishing a person?s identity would break the main link of confidence between business and consumer, complicate the process and slow transactions. “Unlike any other economy in the world, we demand credit, and w e demand credit now,” says one credit industry leader.

但是,上述法律面临着信用业的强烈抵制。他们辩护说,如果扣住顾客的有关信息不公布,删除社会保险号码,不再把它作为确认身份的统一标准,那么商家和顾客之间互相信任的主要环节就会被打断,工作过程就会复杂化,交易就会放慢。“与世界上任何其他经济制度不同,我们需要信用,而且现在就需要,”一位信用业领导如是说。

Para. 19 There is no way to gauge the true magnitude of identity fraud. One of the biggest credit bureaus reported an average 20,000 calls a day from fraud victims in 1997, up from 135 a day in 1992. About a third were from consumers wanting to know how to avoid identity theft. 很难估计盗用他人身份的欺诈犯罪的程度有多严重。一家最大的信用调查所报告说,1997年平均每天有2万名欺诈案的受害者给他们打电话,而在1992年每天只有135人。他们当中约有三分之一的人是要了解如何避免身份被盗的客户。

Para. 20 “Unless you never give out information for any reason, you can?t prevent identity theft,” says an expert. “But ther e are ways of minimizing the risk.”Such as: “除非你在任何情况下对个人信息守口如瓶,否则总有被人盗用的可能,”有专家这样

说。“但是也有办法将危险降到最低程度。”比如说:

· Never carry your SSN in your wallet or printed on checks. 决不要把社会保险号码放在钱包里或者印在支票上。

·Guard your SSN closely, giving it out only to official authorities or businesses you trust. Some fir ms will accept other identification if you ask.

慎用社会保险号码,只把它提供给官方机构和可信的商家。如果你提出用其他的证件,有的公司也会接受。

·Be careful how you dispose of documents. Ideally, destroy them. 要小心弃置有关文件,最好是销毁掉。

·Exercise your right to stop your credit header being sold. 行使你的权利,不准别人出售你的“信用页眉”。

·Don?t post personal information on the Internet—for example, on college reunion sites.

不要把个人信息放在互联网上,比如说,网上的大学联谊会。

·Check your credit report at least once a year. 至少每年核对一次信用调查报告。

· And above all: Check bank and credit statements item by item.最为重要的是,逐条核对银行账单和信用结算单。

Para. 21 Finally: “I don?t want to be called a victim,” added Collins. “We were furious and came out fighting. Y ou can?t al low these people to intimidate you. So fighter would be a better word.” 最后:“我不希望被称为受害者,”柯林斯补充道。“我们愤怒不已,要挺身战斗。决不能容许这些家伙威胁你,因此用…斗士?这个字更贴切。”

新视野大学英语四翻译

第一单元 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的

新视野大学英语翻译答案

新视野大学英语翻译答案 Unit 1 一. 汉译英 1.对于网络课程,学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习,在回答问题 之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。 Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋,而他认为网上学习毫无疑义和 用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验,从中我们能学到 许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4.如今,越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。 Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子,但是她觉得这个要求太过分 了。 He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6.既然我们已经学完这门课程,就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 二. 英译汉 1.I’ll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding. Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师,是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有 价值的。如果没有他,我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。 2.No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures

新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译

爱情与逻辑:谬误的故事 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景,足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩 照人、谈吐优雅的另一半,我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。“光彩照人”,她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”,让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后,我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区,我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里,我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么?”她问道。“逻辑学。” “好酷啊,”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 “逻辑学的原理,”我说道,“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实,其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做…绝对判断?的逻辑谬误。” “好啊,”她表示同意。

“…绝对判断?是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。比方说:运动是有益的,所以每个人都应该运动。 她点头表示赞同。 我看得出她没弄明白。“波莉,”我解释说,“这个推断太过简单化了。如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的,运动就变得有害而不是有益。所以你应该说,运动对大多数人来说是有益的。” “接下来是…草率结论?。这似乎不言自明,对吧?仔细听好了:你不会说法语,罗伯也不会说法语,那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。” “是吗?”波莉吃惊地说。“没有人吗?” “这也是一种逻辑谬误,”我说,“这一结论太草率了,因为能够支持 这一结论的例证太少了。” 她似乎学得很开心,而我也可以放心地说我的计划正在稳步推进中。我把她送回家,并且定下了下一次约会交谈的日子。 第二天晚上,坐在那棵橡树下,我说:“今天晚上我们要谈的第一个 逻辑谬误叫…文不对题?。” 她高兴地点了点头。 “听好了,”我说,“有个人去申请工作,当老板问他有什么应聘资格时,他说他有六个孩子要抚养。” “哇,这太可怕了,太可怕了,”她哽咽着轻声说到。

新视野大学英语读写教程第五册课后翻译答案-(1)

Unit1 1. In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good. 2. Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger. After all, it is an adventure sport. 3. The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace. 4. It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will tell us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to "difficult" school experiences. 5. It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants. 6. In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people's lives. 7. The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it. 8. The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history. 9. Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time. 10. People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt

新视野大学英语4读写教程翻译

一、 1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。(otherthan) Theplantdoesnotgrowwellinsoilsotherthantheoneinwhichithasbeendeveloped. 2.研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。(mayhavedone) Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwemayhav edoneduringtheday. 3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justifysth.by) Somepeopletendtojustifytheirfailurebyblamingothersfornottryingtheirbest. 4.我们忠于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到。(remaintrueto) Weremaintruetoourcommitment:Whateverwepromisedtodo,wewoulddoit. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。(discount;betrueof) EvenBeethoven'sfatherdiscountedthepossibilitythathissonwouldonedaybecomethegreatestmusici anintheworld.ThesameistrueofEdison,whoseemedtohisteachertobequitedull. 6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。(accusesb.ofsth.) Theywereaccusedbytheauthoritiesofthreateningthestatesecurity. 二、 1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。(if...had+pastparticiple,would+have+pastparticiple) Ifthecharactersinthiscomedyhadbeenmorehumorous,itwouldhaveattractedalargeraudience. 2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。(itisapossibilityto)Shehasneverlostfaithinherownability,soitisapossibilityforhertobecomeasuccessf ulactress. 3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。(goalong) Ineverhadformaltraining,IjustlearnedasIwentalong. 4.随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。(findone'swayinto) Astheirproductsfindtheirwayintotheinternationalmarket,theirbrandisgaininginpopularity. 5.她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。(makeup) Shecouldmakeupastorybysayingshewasknockedunconsciousbythievesandthatallhermoneywasgo ne,butshedoubtedwhethershecouldmakeitsoundbelievable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评。(on purpose) No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 三、 1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。(be reported to; look into) Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the may or has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。(regret doing sth.; yield to; be faced with) These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。

新视野大学英语3翻译汉译英

U1 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都会很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样,吉米也关心他们。Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 老师回来的时候你敢告我状的话,我就不再和你说话了。If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 有些老年人愿意独自过日子,但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 我现在需要面对的事情是:如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. UNIT2 被告是一位年仅30岁的女子,她坚持称自己无罪。The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 总体看来,枣,豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化。No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度,提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 服药后若有呕吐感,请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 总结这次讨论时,他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效地方法来解决这一问题。Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. UNIT4 从各方面讨论,这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 尽管没有得到父母的赞同,他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的,这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 据说,画家是以他母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. 这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而成名,小说的灵感来自他和一位姑娘来自农场的经历The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm. 有个故事说,US山姆大叔的缩写,它曾和一名男子一起工作,这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同,给军队提供肉食。One story says that “US”was short for “Uncle Sam”whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. UNIT5 直到看见弥留之际看见躺在场上的母亲,他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 考虑到他最近的身体状况,我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动,一时间我都纳闷她是否活着。Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 整栋楼一片漆黑,只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window. 这些士兵接受了严格的训练,并对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.

新视野大学英语第三册翻译

新视野大学英语第三册 u1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都很难再这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。 No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样,吉米也关心他们。 Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗的车辆、。 Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师哦回来的时候你敢告我的状,我就不再和你说话了。 If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子,但大多数老年人选择和女儿一起生活。 Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是:如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。 Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. u2 1.被告是一位年仅30岁的女子,她坚持称自己无罪。 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体来看,枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3.正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到哪个地区受欢迎的程度,提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感,请立即停止服用并尽快告诉医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时,他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. u3 1.在思维方面,与他的行为一样,他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2.教师节一旦同意接受新的教学计划,他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远来看,大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from

新视野大学英语第五册翻译答案

Unit1 1.在一个充斥着错误信息的世界, 让学生学会识别真的、美的、好的信息是一个巨大的挑战。 (a formidable challenge, identify) In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good 2.任何形式的登山运动(mountaineering)都有其内在的危险性,毕竟它是一项冒险运动。(inherent) Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger .After all ,it is an advantage sport 3.那所大学将在一定程度上允许针对个人的授课,学生会得到符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方法和进度的课程设置。(tailored to) The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace 4.据说对学习过程的基因基础的理解能告诉我们哪些年青学子可能更快取得进步,哪些注定要有“艰难的”求学历程。(the understanding of the genetic basis of learning, doomed to) It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will tell us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to difficult school experience 5.据报道,在加拿大几乎有数以千计的江、湖不再能维持鱼和植物的生长。(literally) It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants 6.在文化普及率相对高的国家中,书籍对丰富人们的生活起着重要作用。(literacy rate) In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people’s lives 7.政府干预的实质向来都是限制和歪曲竞争,而不是鼓励竞争。(distort) The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it 8. 中国人民所从事的伟大改革事业是史无前例的。(without precedent in history) The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history 9.模拟考试训练不得推迟到临近正式考试时进行。(simulated examination) Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time 10.人们发现,在那个森林里狮子和狼常常协作搜寻活食。(hunt down) People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt down live animals by cooperative efforts VII Translation The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directly communicate with others are its greatest benefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information can travel at tremendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet uses hundreds of thousands of computers all connected to each other to store vast amount of information. And finally, because the Internet allows individuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people can easily communicate with one another. 1 可能除了教会以外,很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校/教育机构那样缺乏变化了 2 来自过去的参观者一眼就能辨认出现在的课程,但很难适应现今一个10岁孩子的校外世界 3 但变化在我们的世界中是如此迅速和明确,以至于学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面

新视野大学英语4翻译

1. 这种植物只有在培养它的土壤中才能很好的生长。 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力,一次来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. 我们终于我们的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做的。 We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。 They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 1. 要是这部喜剧中的人物更加幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2. 她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。 She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3.我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学。 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4. 随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能够让这个故事听起来可信。 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他的更多的批评。 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 1. 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格,它可以使你在买东西的时候享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 4. 不知道为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了,结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。

新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译

新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译 Unit 1 The Way to Success 课文A Never, ever give up! 永不言弃! As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了,在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来,他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气,为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心,不仅激励了整个民族,还鼓舞了全世界。 在他首相任期即将结束时,他应邀前往母校哈罗公学,为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说:“年轻的先生们,当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲,他提出的任何中肯的建议,你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有5 英尺5 英寸高,体重却有107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话:“年轻人,要永不放弃。永不放弃!永不放弃!永不,永不,永不,永不!” Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas - none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships,

相关文档
最新文档