青海民族大学 2012级函授英语本科考试题答案

青海民族大学 2012级函授英语本科考试题答案
青海民族大学 2012级函授英语本科考试题答案

青海民族大学2012级函授英语本科考试题答案

一.1)k 2)e 3)a 4)I 5)c 6)b 7)f 8) d 9) g 10) j

二.1.put together 2. once in a while 3. Vested interest 4. take for granted

5. At the expense of

6. have access to

7. In the light of

8. Arise from

9. exempt from

10. have a crush on

三.阅读理解。1-5 CDBAD 6-10 DCABD 11-15 CDDAD

【全文翻译】

欧洲南部的妇女在10和11世纪时享有较高的社会地位,这并未获得广泛认识。作为一个妻子,女性的地位受到其嫁妆的保护。诚然,嫁妆最初的目的是防止女性被抛弃;但是,它在当时家庭和社会现实生活中起着更重要的作用。妻子的嫁妆使她有权获得其丈夫十分之一的财物。妻子有权利拒绝丈夫所做的任何交易,但这不仅仅只是一项权利而已;文件表明她与丈夫一样平等地享有真正的决定权。文件没有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何差别。

妻子享有管理丈夫私人财产的权利,但是反之则不然。如果丈夫要越权侵犯她们的利益,女性们会时刻准备着捍卫自己的利益,有时她们还会表现出一种坚强的斗争精神。Maria Vivas就是一个典型的例子。为了家庭的需要,她同意其丈夫Miro出售一块属于她的土地,但是她坚持要求获得补偿。但是丈夫没有给她提供补偿,于是她把丈夫拖到一个文书处,起草了一份合同,成功地把他丈夫的一块私人土地划归自己。正如合同所写的,“为了和平”,这个不幸的丈夫不得不同意。要么借助嫁妆,要么通过发脾气,妻子知道如何在家庭中为自己赢得强大的经济地位。

1. 【解析】[C]推断题。本文介绍了欧洲南部10和11世纪嫁妆对女性在婚姻中地位的重要性。虽然嫁妆最初的目的是防止女性被抛弃,但实际上它的作用远远不止于此。它使妻子在婚姻中的地位与丈夫平等,并保障了妻子的经济利益。女性在维护自己的利益上,是很坚定果敢的,Maria Vivas就是一个例子。见第一段第三句,“Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion...”,虽然在实际生活中嫁妆有更重要的作用,但最初它的作用只是为了防范女性被丈夫抛弃,所以C为正确答案。

2.【解析】[D]细节题。根据本文,妻子在婚姻中的法律地位和丈夫是平等的。见第一段最后一句,“In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife”文件中并没有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何的差别,也就是说他们的地位是平等的,所以D为正确答案。

3.【解析】[B]推断题。作者举Maria Vivas的事例,是为了说明妻子是能够捍卫自己的利益的。见第二段第二句,“Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance...they showed a fine fighting spirit.”如果丈夫要侵占自己的利益,女性们就时刻准备着捍卫自己的利益,有时她们还表现出很强的斗争精神。接下来作者就举了Maria Vivas的例子,说明女性是有能力捍卫自己的利益的。所以B为正确答案。

4.【解析】[A]细节题。Maria Vivas得到的一份作为补偿的土地,本来是属于Miro的个人财产。见第二段第五句,“None being offered, she succeeded in... assigning her a piece of land from Miro s personal inheritance”由此知A为正确答案。

5.【解析】[D]推断题。作者对Maria Vivas所持的态度是客观的。作者客观地介绍了Maria Vivas 的事例,并没有表示出同情、不满或者是漠不关心,所以A、B、C都是错误答案。Passage Two 【全文翻译】

社会学家认为,有几种不同的方法可以使人成为某个社会群体公认的领导者。在家庭生活中,传统的文化模式赋予父母一方或者双方领导的地位。在其他情况下,比如友谊团体,尽管没有正式的选举程序,一个或更多的人会逐渐地成为领导。在比较大的群体中,领导者通常是通过正式的选举或招募的形式

产生的。

虽然通常认为领导具有人不同寻常的个人能力,数十年的研究未能找出可靠的证据来证明那些人是“天生的领导者”。看起来似乎没有所有的领导都具有的固定的个人品格;相反,只要具有适合某个特别群体所需要的品质,几乎任何人都可以成为其领导。

研究表明,通常不同的人会充当两种不同的领导角色。指导型领导注重社会群体目标的实现。群体成员期望指导型领导人“把事情搞定”。另一方面,表现型领导则强调社会群体成员的集体幸福。表现型领导并不侧重于群体目标的实现,而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持,并尽力减少内部的紧张和纷争。

指导型领导与其他的群体成员之间的关系可能是相当次要的。他们可能会约束阻止实现群体目标的成员的行为。表现型领导则与群体其他成员之间建立了一种更私人的或者相当重要的关系。当有人经历过困难时,他们表示同情,并设法解决危及群体分裂的问题。正如这两种不同角色所表明的那样:表现型领导一般会从群体成员那里获得更多的个人感情;而指导型领导,如果他们能成功地实现群体的目标,可能会获得更广泛的尊重。

【答案解析】

6.【解析】[D]主旨题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。A、B、C选项都不能正确概括本文主旨。

7.【解析】[C]细节题。A选项的招募(recruitment)和B选项选举程序(election process)都在第一段中作为大群体的领导者产生的方式被明确提到。D选项也在第一段中作为家庭领导者的产生的方式被明确提到。只有C选项没有作为产生领导者的一种方式在本文中被提及。

8.【解析】[A]推断题。A选项意思是:某一特定群体的有效领导者,不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者。这正好与第二段的意思相吻合,即领导者没有一个固定的特点,只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者(It seems...virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B选项和C选项的意思与本文无关。D选项意为:许多人想成为领导者,但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格。显然是对文章意思的曲解。

9.【解析】[B]细节题。第二段中“...decades of research have failed to produce consi stent evidence that there is any category of …natural leaders?”意思是说数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明哪些人可以成为“天生领导者”,与B项意思一致。

10.【解析】[D]细节题。第三、四段主要讲了两种类型的领导者的区别。其中instrumental leader 侧重于群体目标的实现,而expressive leader相对于前者并不侧重于群体目标的实现,而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持,并尽力减少内部纷争。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)

Passage C

11. What can we learn from some recent studies?

答案:D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

关键词:recent studies, but also

定位:题干中some recent studies提示答案定位在第一段第一句话。

解析:问题提问从最近的研究中我们可以了解到什么?第一段第一句中Several recent studies found that…与题干对应,由此可知that后的就是recent studies的内容,即being randomly assigned to a roommate of

another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict。其中“being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race”对应了选项D中的“interracial lodging”,“can… but also…”说明了interracial lodging是有利有弊的。因此D选项符合文意。而C选项“弊大于利”不符合文意, A“不同种族学生之间的争执是不可避免的”选项与B“不同种族的学生相互存在偏见”原文中没有明确提及

12. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?

答案:D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.

关键词:surrounded, something to prove

定位:题干中出现的人名Sam Boakye提示答案定位在第四段第一句话。

解析:问题提问Sam Boakye的话是什么意思?通过定位可以找到Sam Boakye的那段话,即if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove. 这句话前面的插入语-the only black student on his freshman year floor- 介绍了Sam Boakye作为黑人学生的背景,帮助我们理解之前那句话:如果你的周围都是白人,那么一定会去证明些什么,言下之意就是选项D“白人同伴的存在会激励黑人学生更加努力地去取得成功”。而选项A, B, C在文中没有明确提及。本题选项C有个干扰信息“the freshman year”,在原文中出现。某些考生看到这个词,不假思索就选择了这个选项,但没有搞懂原文的意思,导致错误选择。请考生留意。

13. What does the Indian University study show?

答案:A. Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

关键词:Indian University, more likely,

定位:题干中出现的机构名称Indian University提示答案定位在第七段第一句话。

解析:问题提问Indian University的研究显示了什么?通过定位可以发现研究结果显示Interracial roommate were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together,与选项A中的more likely to fall out 对应,因此选择D。此处,fall out 应该理解为“散伙,分开”有些考生可能因为不理解意思而产生歧义,请考生留意。

14. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?

答案:D. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

关键词:Alec Webley, definition of integration

定位:题干出现的人名Alec Webley提示答案定位在第十段第一句。

解析:通过定位找到人名,人名后出现“This is the definition of integration”,由“this”可知人名前就是我们要找的答案,即the process throws you together randomly,“throw you together randomly”与“randomly assign”对应。意思与选项D符合。因此,此处选择D。

15. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?

答案:A. It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

关键词:Grace Kao, generalizations

定位:题干中出现的人名Grace Kao以及generalizations提示答案定位在文章最后一段。根据最后一段意思:要得出Interracial lodging的一般规律,需要对学生的背景特征有更多的研究,与选项D的意思相同。而选项ABC在文中没有明确提及。

四.完形填空

1. to

2. specific

3. key

4. different

5. prevent

6. in

7. focus

8. over

9. rather10. consumed 11. vital 12. amazed

13. contain14. interact 15. on 16. up 17. fill 18. avoid 19. doubt 20. impact

这是一篇关于科学饮食的科技新闻。

为了让学生快速进入语境,文章第一段没有挖空。

从第一段中,我们可以获得全文主旨:科学饮食的真谛是从大处着眼,

67. 第二段首句有个定语从句:科学饮食远不止分析每一口放到嘴里的饭。这里要选择一个介词,lift 的原意是高举,在这里的意思就是“放到嘴边”,to 表示方向。between 表示在某某之间,不合题意。inside 表示静态,与lift这个动作相矛盾。同理,B选项through,表示穿过,lift这个动作,到嘴边就结束了,并没有穿过嘴巴。

68. 按照原文的逻辑,接下来的一句话,表达过去人们如何如何,是为了给出“靶子”加以批评,所以,我们需要继续往后读,读到作者提倡的做法,然后反向理解一下,便可选出答案。

69. 根据语法搭配,只有key才可以和后面的to相搭配,所以选择A选项。

70. 句首的but,是题眼,表达对比之意,所以,下文开始讲述“另一种”“不同的”饮食习惯。因此,选择B选项,different。

71. 这里是个不定式短语,需要一个动词,由宾语heart disease可知,“prevent”(预防)是最佳搭配。

72. 考察和general搭配的介词,只有in 符合语法。

73. 需要一个动词和on搭配,语法上四个选项都可以搭配,只能从词义上判断,turn on 表示打开,focus on 表示注重,put on 表示穿衣,carry on 表示执行。根据宾语,“更广的层面”,可知应该选择focus on。

74. 需要一个和“时间段”搭配的介词,over a period of time 表示一段时间以来,符合题意。

75. 这里表示“是什么而不是什么”,应该用rather than 才能准确达意。

76. 这是个分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的“this or that”,这里的this or that代指食物。convey是表达,不搭配。enter 可以表示“输入,记下”,也不和食物搭配。和食物搭配的只有B和D,consume表示,消费或消耗。exhaust 表示耗尽。很明显,这里的食物并不会耗尽,所以只能选B选项。

这里我们可以回过头来,看一下第68题,文章的主旨是,“Scientist now focus on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten over several days or a week”即“科学家现在注重最近几天内的均衡饮食”,与此能够形成对比的,“单个营养元素的定量摄入”,这里能表达特定量的词只有“certain”或者“specific”,这里用certain 更自然,但是没有提供选项,因此就只能选择specific,表示“特定的”。

77. 需要个形容词,做后置定语,和for good health 搭配,这里只有vital 能和for搭配,表示“对…重要”。

78. 这里是一个The more…the more 的固定表达,表示“越……越……”,这里用amazed表达科研人员,对新发现所产生的“惊奇之感”。

79. 这里的they表示食物,结合后面的动词,构成定语从句,修饰“必备营养元素”,这里的用contain 才能准确达意,“食物包含必备营养元素”

80. 需要一个动词和with搭配,只能选择A和B,但从语义上判断,必备营养元素之间会相互反应,肯定不会相互干扰。因此只能选择interact。

81. 这里需要一个介词和track搭配,只有on the right track才符合语法

82. 这里根据题意,“蔬菜、水果和谷物构成了饭菜的四分之三”,这里make up表达“构成”之意。

83. 这里需要一个动词,宾语是“剩余的四分之一”,从语义上理解,我们需要选择“填充”,因此,fill in 是符合语法的。

84. 这里需要一个动词,结合题意,这个空应该表达“不吃”,才能和前面的eat形成对比,这里的avoid,表达避免的意思,比delete(删除)更切题。

85. 文章在最后一句,要下一个结论,这里用without a doubt 表达“毫无疑问”,符合题目要求。

86. 这里需要一个名词,和on搭配,只有impact符合题意。

总之,今年四级的完型填空,涉及3处名词,5处介词,7处动词,4处形容词和1处副词。

只有1题(第68题)需要整体把握,其余部分只要在句子内部或者句子之间进行上下文逻辑比对或语法搭配,即可完成

五.英译汉

六.汉译英

七.写作

Doing Shopping Online

With the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don't even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick.

However, people's opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist that mis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their accounts.

In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mind that certain traps do exist, so we'd better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourselves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information.

文章点评:

这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。本文先对网购热潮进行简介,引出全篇;接着对网络购物的正反两方面进行对比;最后提出自己的看法结束全篇。整体看思路清晰,逻辑严密,行文流畅,用语较为地道。

下面说一下这篇文章的有待提高之处:

1. 文章结构上,能看得出该同学试图采用议论文的“三段式”(提出问题、分析问题、解决问题)。但是,以“With the development of the Internet”为开首语,有些落入俗套,有硬套模板的嫌疑。稍加注意,应该能写出更好的句子。

2. 微观语言点方面,有些语句稍显啰嗦,比如With plentiful selection options… 简化成With plentiful selections… 更好,意思没有丝毫减损,表达力反而增强许多。

[看了就懂]函授本科和自考本科的区别

在职成人提升学历有函授、远程、自考、电大四种形式,其中函授和自考是平时听到最多、最熟悉的两种形式。在选择形式时,由于对学习形式、考试等不太了解,会很纠结不知道怎么选择,为了帮助同学,下面姚老师为大家讲解下函授本科和自考本科的区别。 一、函授本科和自考本科的区别 1、入学考试不同: 自考没有入学考试,函授本科需要参加成人高考(入学考试)。 2、毕业证不同: 自考毕业证上面加盖省自考委印章和主考院校印章(双章),函授本科毕业证书上面只加盖毕业学校的章(单章)。 3、学制不同: 自考没有学制限制,比较灵活,什么时候通过课程考试,什么时候就可以申请毕业,而函授本科学制一般是4~5年。 4、毕业难度不同: 自考虽然相对灵活,但是考试难度相比其他所有成人考试都要高,仅次于全日制高考。想要通过所有考试需考考生有一定学习基础和学历能力,更关键的是要有足够的学习时间。而函授本科的考试难度更小,更适合学习基础差、学习时间少的在职人士。 二、毕业证样本 函授本科毕业证样本:

自考本科毕业证样本: 三、函授本科和自考本科怎么选择

提升学历的在职成人一般都比较忙,很少有时间学习,报名自考本科需要同学们花费大量的时间去复习,所以不建议大家报名自考本科。 如果你自学能力比较强且时间充足,可以选择这种方式,但大部分同学参加自考都不能考过,甚至考8-9年还没毕业的大有人在,这时候找一家专业的教育机构是必须必然的,一来过关率有保证,二来毕业时间短,三来省时省事省力。 国家提供各种不同学历提升途径,本身目的就是要方便不同的人群。不管自考也好,函授本科也好,每个人应该根据自己的实际情况来选择其中一种,而不必要过于纠结哪种更好的问题,适合自己的一定是最好的。

江苏高考英语试卷及答案

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成教本科严进宽出,学生只有通过国家统一的成人高考考试,才能入学就读。 学制方面不同 自考本科没有学制方面的限制,只要考完报考专业的所有科目都合格通过即可申请毕业,即一年考完一年毕业,五年考完五年毕业,只要8年内考完就行,相关时间政策根据当年政策情况。 报考函授本科的考生在10月考完后,第二年3月左右注册学籍,两年半毕业,在这两年半期间会有周末或假期集中授课,属于函授。入学后,每学期参加期末考试,学制为2.5年。 毕业难度 函授本科一般来说只要考过了入学考试,那拿毕业证的难度就很低了;自考本科的话,所有的课程考试全部通过后才可以申请毕业,难度相对较高。 张老师提醒大家:成人高考一年仅有一次报名机会,远程教育和自考一年有2次招生,春、秋两季均可报考!

我中心提供全程服务,可以协助考生办理各种手续,省去很多不必要的麻烦,让你轻松拿学历! 在我中心报名可享受: 1.免费赠送考前辅导资料 2.免费为学员报名、查询成绩、录取结果,并实时通知考生。 3.成绩过线优先被院校录取。 4.免费通知考生学习、考试等新动态,并跟踪回访学习进度。 5.全程服务,直至顺利毕业!

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