经济学人英语

经济学人英语
经济学人英语

The global economy

The worldwide wobble

世界经济不稳定

The world economy will have a bumpy 2014.But the recovery is not, yet, at risk

2014年世界经济将崎岖发展。但是经济复苏没有问题。

Feb 8th 2014 | From the print edition

FOR much of 2013 the world’s bigstockmarkets had a magicalquality about them. They soared upwards—America’s S&P 500 index[wendy1] roseby 30% last year, and Japan’s Nikkei[wendy2] by 57%—buoyed by [wendy3] monetary stimulus and growing optimism about globalgrowth. Over the past month, the magic has abruptly worn off[wendy4] . More than $3 trillion has been wiped off[wendy5] global share prices since the start of January. TheS&P 500 is downby almost 5%, the Nikkei by 14% and the MSCI[wendy6] emerging-market index by almost 9%.

正如2013年许多世界大型股票市场拥有魔法般的特性一样,(世界经济)直线上涨。美国标准普尔500指数去年上涨30%,财政刺激以及全球经济上行的乐观估计使得日经指数上涨57%,近月来,这种魔法突然消失了。从一月初开始,全球股票价格缩水幅度超过3万亿美元。美国标准普尔指数500下降近5%,日经指数下降14%,MSCI新兴市场指数下降近9%

[wendy1]标准普尔500指数英文简写为S&P 500 Index,是记录美国500家上市公司的一个股票指数。这个股票指数由标准普尔公司创建并维护。

[wendy2]日经指数(NikkeiIndex), 日本东京证交所编制的股价指数, 是投资人研究日本股市的一个重要参考指数, 日经指数有不同系列, 最为人熟知的是Nikkei 225

[wendy3]:buoy:['b?i] If someone in a difficult situation is buoyed by something, it makes them feel more cheerful andoptimistic. 使振奋,用于描述上升理由

[wendy4]Wear off: PHRASAL VERB If a drug, sensation, or feeling wears off, itdisappears slowly until it no longer exists or has any effect. (药性、感觉、感情等) 逐渐消失[wendy5]Wipe out: 清除

[wendy6]Morgan Stanley Capital International,简称MSCI,是一家提供全球指数及相关衍生金融产品标的国际公司,其推出的MSCI指数广为投资人参考。MSCI指数是全球投资组合经理中最多采用的投资标的

That investors should lock in someprofits after such a remarkable surge[wendy1] is hardly surprising (see article). American share prices, in particular,were beginning to look too high: the S&P finished 2013 at a multiple of 25times ten-year earnings, well above the historical average of 16. A few bits ofpoor economic news of late are scarcely grounds for [wendy2] panic. It is hard to see a compelling[wendy3] economic reason why one unexpectedly weak report on Americanmanufacturing, for instance, should push Japan’s Nikkei down by more than 4% ina day. Far easier to explain the market gyration[wendy4] s as a necessary correction.

在这次令人印象深刻的涌动之后,投资者应该锁定一些利润并不令人吃惊。尤其是美国股价看起来过高了:2013年末标准普尔指数是十年收入的25倍,远高于历史平均水平(16倍)。一些迟到的关于困难经济形势的新闻碎片也很难成为恐慌的理由。举个例子,很难找到一个

令人信服的原意解释为什么美国制造业会让日经指数一天内下降幅大于4%。将市场波动解释为必要的改正要比找到理由容易多了。

[wendy1]Remarkable等同于magical,surge是上文提及的经济先升后降的趋势[wendy2]Be grounds for:

N-VAR Ifsomething is grounds for a feeling or action, it is a reason for it.If you do something on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is thereason for your action. 理由

[wendy3]Compelling: ADJ A compelling argument or reason is one that convinces youthat something is true or that something should be done. 令人信服的

[wendy4]Gyration:[d?a?'re??n] n. 旋转,[力] 回转;螺层

From supercal…to fragilistic[1][i]

从卓越到脆弱

Prices always jump around[wendy1] , but in the end they are determined by the underlyingeconomy. Here it would be a mistake to be too sanguine[wendy2] . Economists are notoriously [wendy3] bad at predicting sudden turning-points in global growth.Even if it goes no further, the dip[wendy4] in asset prices has hurt this year’s growth prospects,particularly in emergingmarkets[wendy5] , where [wendy6] credit conditions are tighter and foreign capital lessabundant. Tellingly,[wendy7] commodity prices are slipping too. The price of iron ore[wendy8] fell by more than 8% in January.

[1]It's a play on the title of an old song from Mary Poppins: Mary Poppins - Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious Lyrics(see endnotes)

They're suggesting that the economy has gone from "super" to"fragile", but are also punning on the song title.

价格总是波动的,但是到头来价格总是由潜在的经济形势决定。在现在的形势下,太过乐观是一种错误。众所周知的,经济学家很难预测到全球增长中的转折点。即使不深入探究,资本价格的突然下降都伤害了当年的增长预测。这在信用条件较紧和外国资本相对不充裕的新兴市场上表现得尤为明显。商品价格也显著的下降,铁矿石的价格在1月下降幅度超过了8%.

[i] Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: 《Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious》是1964年美国电影《欢乐满人间》(Mary Poppin)的插曲,该曲入选了美国电影协会(AFI)在2004年评出的影史百年最经典的一百首歌榜单。ps:这歌超可爱

由此歌曲衍生出的同名单词"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"意为奇妙的、难以置信的。该词由super(非常,超越),cali(美丽),fragilistic(易碎的),expiali(补偿)和docious (可教育的)五个字根组成,大意可以解释为“用易碎的美丽补偿可教育性的缺失(Atoning ([?'t??n] V-I If you atone for something that you have done, you dosomething to show that you are sorry you did it. 弥补; 赎罪)for educability through delicate beauty)”

这里引用意思为从卓越(super)到易碎的(fragile)

[wendy1]Jump around: 蹦蹦跳跳的,有一种活泼淘气的感觉,与前文的经济波动趋势相符合,flow

[wendy2]Sanguine: ['s??gw?n] ADJ If you are sanguine aboutsomething, you are cheerful and confidentthat things will happen in the way you want them to. 乐观的; 自信的

[wendy3]Notoriously: [no?t??ri?sli] adv. 众所周知地;声名狼藉地;恶名昭彰地[wendy4]Dip:V-I If something dips, it makesa downward movement, usually quickly. (突然) 下沉;蘸,是不是有一种蜻蜓点水般下沉的感觉?

[wendy5]Emerging market新兴市场

[wendy6]Where引导的状语从句事实上充当了原因的成分

[wendy7]Tellingly:有效地;显著地

[wendy8]Ore:[?r] 矿石

On balance, however, th is newspaper’sassessment of the evidence to date[wendy1] is that investors’ gloom[wendy2] is overdone. A handful of[wendy3] disappointing n umbers does not mean that America’sunderlying recovery is stalling[wendy4] . Chin a’s economy is slowing, but the odds of a sudden slump [wendy5] remain low. Alth ough other emerging markets will indeedgrow more slowly in 2014, they are not he ading for[wendy6] a broad[wendy7] collapse[wendy8] . And the odds are rising that monetary policy in bothEurope and Japan is about to be eased further. Global gro wth will stillprobably exceed last year’s pace of 3% (on a purchasing-power parity basis).For now, this looks more like a wobble than a tumble[wendy9] .

然而,平均而言,这份报纸对于迄今为止证据的评估是投资者过度忧郁了。少量的令人失望的数据并不意味着美国潜在恢复停止。(就像)中国的经济发展很慢,但是突然暴跌的几率是非常小的。虽然在2014年,其他的新兴市场确实会增长更慢些,但是他们不会朝大规模下跌的方向发展。而且,欧洲和日本的货币政策放松的几率正在上升。全球增长任将超过去年的3%(这是基于购买力平价的基础的)。目前为止,经济更像是摇晃而不是摔倒。

[wendy1]To date:迄今为止

[wendy2]Gloom:[ɡlum] N-UNCOUNT Gloom is a feeling of sadness and lack of hop e. 忧郁

[wendy3]A handful of 少量的

[wendy4]Stalling:['st?:li?] V-T/V-I If a process stalls, or if someone or something stal ls it, the process stops but may continue at a later time. 使暂停; 暂停

[wendy5]Slump:[sl?mp] V-I If something such as the value of something slumps, it

fallssuddenly and by a large amount. (价值等) 暴跌

[wendy6]Head for: V to go or cause to go (towards) 朝...进发

[wendy7]Broad: ADJ You use broad to describe a feeling or opinion that isshared b y many people, or by people of many different kinds. 普遍的

[wendy8]Collapse:坍塌,瓦解

[wendy9] Tumble:['t?mbl V-I/N If someone or something tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling orbouncing movement. 摔倒

The outlook[wendy1] for America’s economy is by far the most importantreason for this view. Since the United States is driving the global recovery,sustained weakness there would mean that prospects for the world economy were grim[wendy2] . But that does not seem likely. January’s spate of [wendy3] feeble[wendy4] statistics—fro m weak manufacturing orders to low carsales—can be explained, in part, by the w eather. America has had an unusuallybitter winter, with punishing snowfall and frigi d temperatures. This hasdisrupted economic activity. It suggests that all the figures for January,including the all-important employment figures, which were due to be r eleasedon February 7th after The Economist went to press, should betaken with a truckload of salt.

美国经济的发展前景是目前为止这个观点最重要的证据。自从美国推动全球复以来,持续的疲软意味着世界经济的前景是严酷的。但是事实并不如此。产生一月的一连串从生产订单到汽车销量的疲软的统计数据能部分解释为天气情况。美国经历了一场不寻常的严冬,降雪过多,气温严寒。这样的气候破坏了经济活动。有人建议一月的所有数据(包括在2月7日经济学人杂志刊登以后才发布的所有重要的就业数据)都要捎带一卡车的盐。

[wendy1]Outlook:N-SING The outlook for something is what people think willhappe n in relation to it. 前景

[wendy2]Grim: [ɡr?m] ADJ A situation or piece of information that is grim is unple asant, depressing, and difficult to accept. 严酷的; 令人沮丧的

[wendy3]Spate of:spate:[spet]N-COUNT A spate of things, especially unpleasant t hings, is alarge number of them that happen or appear within a short period of tim e. 一连串

[wendy4]Feeble:['fibl] ADJ If you describe someone or something as feeble, you m

eanthat they are weak. 虚弱的

All the more so [wendy1] because there is no reason to expect a sudden spendingslump. The balance-sheet[wendy2] s of American households are strong. The stockmarketslide has dent[wendy3] ed consumer co nfidence, but investors’ flight[wendy4] from risk has pushed down yields on[wendy5] Treasury bonds[wendy6] , which in turn should lower

mortgage rates[wendy7] . Fiscal policy is far less of a drag than it was in2013. All this still points to solid, above-trend growth of around 3% in 2014.One reason this may not excite investors is that it no longer implies anacceleration. America’s economy was roaring along at a 3.2% pace at the end of2013. The first few months of 2014 will be weaker than that, even thougha verage growth for 2014 still looks likely to outpace[wendy8] last year’s rate of 1.9%.

因为花销不可能暴跌,所以所有的数据都要增加。美国房产的资产负债表很强劲。股票市场挫伤了消费者的信心,但是投资者信心从危机中缓慢复苏推动了长期国债收益率的下降,而长期国债收益率的下降反过来会降低按揭利率。相比2013年,财政政策的拖累明显减少了很多。所有这些依然指向2014年高于趋势的大约3%的净增长。其中一个投资者没有被刺激到的原因是,这不再暗示增长。美国的经济在2013年底以3.2%的增速飞速增长。即使2014年的平均增长超过了上一年的平均增长率(1.9%),2014年的头几个月增长率也会比13年底小些。

[wendy1]All the more so+从句:更是如此

[wendy2]资产负债表

[wendy3] Dent:[d?nt]V-T If something dents your confidence or your pride, it makes yourealize that you are not as good or successful as you thought. 挫伤(信心或自尊等) ·[wendy4]Flight:V to cause (a ball, dart, etc) to float slowlyor deceptively towards its target 使(球,镖等)慢慢移向目标

作动词,这里investors’ = investors’ confidence.

[wendy5]收益率,而且一般都是这样用:yield on treasury,做形容词

[wendy6]短期国库券(Treasury Bills)、中期国债(Treasury Notes)、长期国债(Treasury Bonds).

[wendy7]Mortgage rate: N the level of interest charged by buildingsocieties and banks on house-purchase loans 按揭利率

[wendy8]Outpace:V-T To outpace someone or something means to perform aparticular action faster or better than they can. 超过

China’s economy, for its part[wendy1] , is clearly slowing. The latest purchasing managers’ index[wendy2] suggests factory activity is at a six-month low. Thequestion is how far and how fast that slowdown goes. Ma ny investors fear a“hard landing”. Their logic is that China has reached the limits of adebt-fuelled and investment-led growth model; and that this kind of growth doesnot just slow but ends in a financial bust. Hence the jitter[wendy3] s on news that a shadow-bank product had to be bailed out[wendy4] . Yet it remains more likely that China’s growth isslowing rather than slumping. The government has the capacity to prevent a rout[wendy5] ; and the recent bail-out suggests it is willing to useit.

中国的经济明显增速很慢。最新的采购经理人指数(PMI)显示工业活动达到六月来的最低点。问题是,减速的强度有多达且会持续多久。许多投资者害怕“硬着陆”。他们认为中国已经达到了债务带动和投资拉动模型的边界。这样的增长不会仅仅减缓,而是会造成财务破产。因此,关于影子银行产品必须摆脱困境的新闻带来了不安情绪。但是中国更有可能保持较低的增长速度而不是暴跌。政府有能力防止经济崩溃,最近的紧急财政援助暗示了政府将会使

用它的能力。

[wendy1]For its part: specifically" or "inparticular

[w endy2]Purchasing managers’ index(PMI)采购经理人指数:它是衡量制造业的“体检表”,是衡量制造业在生产、新订单、商品价格、存货、雇员、订单交货、新出口订单和进口等八个方面状况的指数,是经济先行指标中一项非常重要的附属指标,是美国供应管理协会ISM 商业报告中关于制造业的一个主要参数。通常采购经理人指数与金属需求指标密切相关,因而能被看作是金属需求增长率变化的有效指标。采购经理人指数是以百分比来表示,常以50%作为经济强弱的分界点:当指数高于50%时,则被解释为经济扩张的讯号。当指数低于50%,尤其是非常接近40%时,则有经济萧条的忧虑。一般在40~~50之间时,说明制造业处于衰退,但整体经济还在扩张。它是领先指标中一项非常重要的附属指针。[wendy3]Jitter:['d??t?] 紧张不安

[wendy4]Bail out:bail: [bel] V-T If someone is bailed, they are released while they are waiting for their trial,after paying an amount of money to the court. 保释

Bail out:PHRASAL VERB If you bail someone out, you help them out of a difficult situation, often bygiving them money. (常通过提供资金) 帮助…摆脱困境

Rout:[ra?t] [wendy5]溃败;暴动

If fears about a hard landing in Chinaare exaggerated, then so are worries about a broad emerging-market collapse.That is because the pace of Chinese growth has a big direct impact on emergingeconomies as a whole. Expectations for Chinese growth will also be a biginfluence on the desire of foreigners to flee[wendy1] other emerging markets, and hence on how much financialconditions in these countries tighten. After more than doubling interest rates,Turkey’s economy will be lucky to grow by 2% in 2014, compared with almost 4%in 2013. But in most places less draconian[wendy2] rate hikes will merely dampen[wendy3] a hoped-for acceleration in growth rather than prompt arout.

预计中国硬着陆的恐慌在扩大,预计广泛的新兴市场崩溃的恐慌也在扩大。这是因为中国经济的增速直接影响了整个的新型经济。中国增长的预期也同样在很大程度会使外国人逃离其他新兴市场,因此也对这些国家的金融环境有多紧产生影响。在利率翻倍之后,2014年土耳其的经济幸运的增长了2%,但它2013年增长了将近4%。但是,在大多数地方不太严厉的汇率增长仅仅会减少期待的增长加速,而不是导致溃退。

[wendy1]Flee:[fli] V-T/V-I If you flee from something or someone, or flee a person or thing, you escape from them. 逃走

[wendy2]Draconian:[dr?'kon??n] ADJ Draconian laws or measures are extremely harsh and severe. 严酷的(法令或措施)

Dampen:[wendy3]['d?mp?n] V-T To dampen something such as someone's enthusiasm orexcitement means to make it less lively or intense. 抑制; 减少

The final, paradoxical, reason forguarded optimism is that the market jitters make bolder monetary action morelikely in Europe and Japan (see article). With inflation in the euro arearunning at a worryingly low 0.8%, the European Central Bank (which met onFebruary

6th after we went to press) needs to do more to loosen monetaryconditions. Really bold action, such as buying bundles of bank loans, is morelikely when financial markets are in a funk[wendy1] . That logic is even stronger in Japan, whose stockmarkethas fallen furthest and where the economy will be hit by a sharp rise in theconsumption tax on April 1st. So more easing is on the cards.[wendy2]

关于谨慎乐观的最后的矛盾的原因是市场恐惧让大胆的金融举措更多的发生在欧洲和日本。欧元区通胀率在0.8%的低位上,这使得欧洲中央银行(他们是在我们付印之后开会的)需要做更多来放松金融环境。如购买银行贷款这类的真正勇敢的行为更有可能发生在金融市场处在忧愁之中。这逻辑甚至强过日本。(日本在经济在四月一日达到消费税的最高点的时候,股票市场剧烈下跌)所以,更多地释放是有可能的。

[wendy1]Funk:N-COUNT A funk is a state of mind in which you feel sad ordepressed. 忧愁

[wendy2]On the cards:可能

Still in need of a spoonful of sugar

仍然需要一勺糖

If this analysis is correct, the currentmarket pessimism could prove temporary. Investors should recover their nerve asthey realise that the bottom is not falling out of the world economy. Our prognosis[wendy1] is a lot better than the outcome markets now fear. Butit would not be much to get excited about. The global recovery will be far fromhealthy: tooreliant[wendy2] on America, still at risk from China, and stilldependent on theprop[wendy3] of easy monetary policy. In other words, still awfullywobbly.

如果这篇文章的分析正确,现在市场上的悲观情绪则是暂时的。投资者应该客服他们的紧张,因为他们意识到底部并没有是世界经济下滑。我们的经济恢复的预期比现在市场担忧的要好太多。但是这并没有什么好激动的。全球经济复苏离健康还有很远的距离:太过依赖美国,中国仍处在危险之中,而且仍然依赖于宽松的货币政策的支撑。换句话说,世界经济仍处在可怕的摇晃之中。

[wendy1]Prognosis:[prɑg'nos?s] N-COUNT A prognosis is an estimate of the future of someone orsomething, especially about whether a patient will recover from an illness. (尤指对病人能否康复的) 预后

[wendy2]Reliant:ADJ A person or thing that is reliant on something needs it and often cannot live or work withoutit. 依赖的; 依靠的

[wendy3]Prop:[prɑp] PHRASAL VERB Prop up means the same as . 支撑; 维持

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经济学人科技类文章中英双语

The Brain Activity Map 绘制大脑活动地图 Hard cell 棘手的细胞 An ambitious project to map the brain is in the works. Possibly too ambitious 一个绘制大脑活动地图的宏伟计划正在准备当中,或许有些太宏伟了 NEWS of what protagonists hope will be America’s next big science project continues to dribble out. 有关其发起人心中下一个科学大工程的新闻报道层出不穷。 A leak to the New York Times, published on February 17th, let the cat out of the bag, with a report that Barack Obama’s administration is thinking of sponsoring what will be known as the Brain Activity Map. 2月17日,《纽约时报》刊登的一位线人报告终于泄露了秘密,报告称奥巴马政府正在考虑赞助将被称为“大脑活动地图”的计划。 And on March 7th several of those protagonists published a manifesto for the project in Science. 3月7日,部分发起人在《科学》杂志上发表声明证实了这一计划。 The purpose of BAM is to change the scale at which the brain is understood. “大脑活动地图”计划的目标是改变人们在认知大脑时采用的度量方法。 At the moment, neuroscience operates at two disconnected levels. 眼下,神经学的研究处在两个断开的层次。 The higher one, where the dimensions of features are measured in centimetres, has many techniques at its disposal, notably functional magnetic-res onance imaging, which measures changes in tissues’ fuel consumption. 在相对宏观的层次当中各个特征的规模用厘米来衡量,有很多技术可以使用,尤其是用来测量组织中能量消耗变动情况的核磁共振成像技术。 This lets researchers see which bits of the brain are active in particular tasks—as long as those tasks can be performed by a person lying down inside a scanner. 该技术可使研究人员找出在完成具体的任务时,大脑的哪些部分处于活跃状态。At the other end of the scale, where features are measured in microns, lots of research has been done on how individual nerve cells work, how messages are sent from one to another, and how the connections between cells strengthen and weaken as memories are formed. 而另一个度量的层次则要求用微米来测量各种特征,这一层次的研究很多都是关于单个神经细胞是如何工作的、信息在神经细胞之间是如何传递的以及当产生记忆的时候神经细胞之间的联系是如何得到加强和减弱的。 Between these two, though, all is darkness. 然而,位于这两个层次之间的研究还处于一片漆黑当中。 It is like trying to navigate America with an atlas that shows the states, the big cities and the main highways, and has a few street maps of local neighbourhoods, but displays nothing in between.

如何养活世界(来自经济学人的英语阅读精品,含翻译)

[2009.11.17]How to feed the world 如何养活世界 Nov 19th 2009 From The Economist print edition Business as usual will not do it 一切照旧已不再可行 IN 1974 Henry Kissinger, then America’s secretary of state, told the first world food conference in Rome that no child would go to bed hungry within ten years. Just over 35 years later, in the week of another United Nations food summit in Rome, 1 billion people will go to bed hungry. 1974年,在罗马举行的第一届世界粮食会议上,当时的美国国务卿亨利?基辛格宣称10年内将没有小孩再饿着肚子入睡。而35年之后的罗马,在又一届联合国粮食峰会在罗马召开的这一周内,仍有10亿人饿着肚子上床睡觉。 This failure, already dreadful, may soon get worse. None of the underlying agricultural problems which produced a spike in food prices in 2007-08 and increased the number of hungry people has gone away. Between now and 2050 the world’s populat ion will rise by a third, but demand for agricultural goods will rise by 70% and demand for meat will double. These increases are in a sense good news in that they are a result of rising wealth in poor and middle-income countries. But they will have to happen without farmers clearing large amounts of new land (there is some scope for expansion, but not much) or using up lots more water (in parts of the world, water supplies are stretched to their limit or beyond). Moreover, they will take place while farmers also wrestle with the consequences of climate change, which, on balance, will do more harm than good to farmland round the world. 这样的失败虽已甚为可怕,但很快将会变得更糟。现存的农业问题推动了2007-08年粮食价格的上涨,使饥饿人数有所增加,而这些问题无一得到解决。现在至2050年间,世界人口将增长1/3,但农产品需求将上涨70%,而肉类需求更将翻番。这些增长在一定意义上是个好消息,因为这是中低收入国家财富增长的结果。但是伴随这些增长的却是一些不容乐观的景象:农民无法清理出大量的新地(可耕地有扩大的空间,但并不多),更多的水资源会被耗尽(在世界某些地方,供水量已至其极限甚至超过了极限)。此外,与此同时农民还需应对气候变化造成的影响。总的来说,气候变化对其全球的耕地来说将是弊大于利的。 It may be too late to avoid another bout of price rises. Despite a global recession and the largest grain harvest on record in 2008, food prices are heading up again. Still, countries have a brief window of opportunity in which to set long-term policy goals without being distracted by panic measures. They need to do two things: invest in the productive capacity of agriculture and improve the operation of food markets. 或许想避免下一轮的价格上涨为时已晚。尽管全球经济衰退,而2008年收获了有记录以来

比特币原文+译文(来自经济学人)

18Bitcoin’s future比特币的未来 Hidden flipside另一面;反面隐藏的另一面 How the crypto-currency could become the internet of money 加密货币是怎样变成互联网货币的 Mar 15th 2014 | From the print edition Bitcoin: the original 比特币的由来 1.THE father has been found in time for 及时赶上his child’s funeral. That would appear to be 似乎是,仿佛,显示为the sorry 遗憾的state of affairs 事态,状态,情况好坏in the land of Bitcoin, a crypto-currency, if recent press coverage 新闻报道is to be believed. On March 6th Newsweek新闻周刊(美国一杂志)reported that it had足迹,踪迹tracked down 追踪Satoshi Nakamoto,中本聪Bitcoin’s elusive [?'l(j)u?s?v]难以捉摸的creator. And on March 11th Mt Gox, the Japanese online exchange 交易所,交换,交流,兑换that had long dominated控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位the trade in the currency before losing $490m of customers’Bitcoins at today’s prices, once more再一次,重新filed 提出for 再一次申请bankruptcy protection, this time in America. “父亲奔赴孩子的葬礼。”如果最近的新闻报道属实的话,那似乎会是比特币领域很遗憾的情况。3月6日,据《新闻周刊》报道,业已追踪到比特币发明人中本聪的踪迹,此人难以捉摸。日本的在线交易所Mt Gox长期以来一直是比特币行业的佼佼者,而如今,这一平台4.9亿客户的比特币被盗,于是,3月11日Mt Gox又在向美国申请破产保护。 2.In reality, things are rather different. Evidence证据,证明;迹象;明显is mounting 增加;爬上that Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto, whom Newsweek identified as Bitcoin’s father, is not the relevant Satoshi. More importantly, Bitcoin’s best days 得意时代;全盛时代may still be ahead of优于,超过it—if not as a fully fledged成熟的;快会飞的;羽毛丰满的currency, then as a platform for financial innovation金融创新. Much as虽然,尽管(表让步);非常像,和…几乎一样the internet is a foundation for digital services数字化服务, the technology behind Bitcoin could support a revolution革命in the way people own and pay for things. Geeks极客,专业人士of all sorts各种各样的are getting excited—including a growing number of 越来越多的venture capitalists,风险投资家,风险资本家who know a new platform when they see one. 事实上,一切都是迥然不同的。不断增加的证据表明《新闻周刊》的报道是错的,多利安-蒲伦蒂斯-中本聪(Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto)和比特币之父中本聪并不是同一个人。更重要的是,如果比特币没有作为一种完全成熟的货币,而是作为金融创新的平台,那么达到比特币的全盛时代依然任重而道远。如同互联网是数字化服务的基石一样,比特币背后的科技可以引领一场革命,而这场革命可以改变买方和卖方的交易方式。各路极客们都异常兴奋,其中不乏渐多大批风险资本家,一旦一个新平台出现,这些人就会对其了如指掌。 3.To understand the enthusiasm in this modern currency, it helps to think about a very old one. Until the early 20th century the people on Yap,[j?p]雅浦岛an island in the Pacific Ocean,太平洋used large stone disks 圆盘,磁盘(pictured) as money货币,钱,钱币for big expenses, 开支;消费;损失,代价such as a daughter’s dowry.嫁妆,陪嫁,天资Being very heavy, they were rarely 很少地;难得;罕有地moved when spent. Instead, they simply changed owners. Every

考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练五十

Convalescent plasma and artificial antibodies:Survivors as saviours 恢复期血浆和人工抗体:康复者成为了人们的救星 During the flu pandemic of1918-19doctors at an American naval hospital developed a treatment which,according to the American Journal of Public Health,had“a decided influence in shortening the course of the disease and in lowering the mortality”. 据《美国公共卫生杂志》报道称,在1918年至1919年的流感大流行期间,美国一家海军医院的医生研发了一种能够“有效缩短疾病病程并降低患者死亡率”的治疗方法。It involved clotting and then centrifuging blood from people who had got over the disease so as to separate out the antibodies it contained,then giving those antibodies to patients in dire need. 该方法是对处于恢复期的病人的血液进行采集和离心,进而分离出含有抗体的血浆,然后将其用于那些亟待治疗的患者。 Since then antibody-rich“convalescent plasma”(CP)has been used as a treatment for various diseases,including SARS and the pandemic strains of H1N1and H5N1influenza.Now covid-19has joined the list. 从那时起,富含抗体的“恢复期血浆”被广泛用于治疗包括SARS以及H1N1和H5N1流感大流行在内的各种疾病。如今,新冠肺炎也也位列其中。 A recent study in Wuhan found that severely ill covid-19patients treated with CP did significantly better than patients matched with them by age, gender and severity of infection had done earlier in the epidemic. 最近在武汉进行的一项研究发现,相比疫情早期那些年龄、性别和病情相当的新冠肺炎患者,接受恢复期血浆治疗的重症患者的治疗效果明显要好一些。

经济学人中英对照Brave new words

Central banks 各国央行 Brave new words 大胆新言论 Rich-world central banks explore more doveish strategies 发达国家央行探索更加温和的政策 FOR four years rich-world central banks have done their best to rejuvenate economies with conventional and unconventional monetary policy. Now, with short-term interest rates still stuck near zero and their balance-sheets stuffed with government bonds, the central banks of America, Britain and Japan are experimenting with a shift in approach: coupling monetary action with commitments designed to alter the public’s expectati ons of interest rates, inflation and the economy. The sense of change is reinforced by the prospect of new leaders at the Japanese and British central banks, and the increasing prominence of several doves at America’s. 4年来,发达国家央行为经济复苏想尽了一切办法,常规和非常规货币政策你方唱罢我登场。时至今日,短期利率依然近乎于零,资产负债表上依然满是政府债券。美国、英国和日本央行正在尝试改变路线:为了改变公众对于利率、通胀和经济前景的预期,他们做出一系列承诺,并将货币政策与承诺相结合。日本和英国央行新领导人即将走马上任,加上美国几位鸽派人物的声音日益突出,使改变即将到来的感觉愈发强烈。 A more doveish stance would entail tolerating higher inflation, at least temporarily, in pursuit of higher output: a significant shift given the primacy central banks have long given to low inflation. Bond investors have begun to price in higher inflation (see chart). But just how far each central bank is prepared to go is still uncertain. 为了提高产值,更加温和的政策意味着必须要容忍更高水平的通胀,至少短期内会是如此:央行长期以来将低通胀率视为第一要务的政策即将迎来重大改变。一些大胆的投资人已经开始以更高的通胀率定价(见图)。但是各国央行的新政力度到底有多大尚不得而知。 In Japan, Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, has used the term “regime change” to describe the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ’s) agreement to raise its inflation targe t to 2% from 1%, and pursue it with unlimited asset purchases. There are expectations for even more forceful action once Masaaki Shirakawa, the current governor, and his two deputies depart on March 19th. Under Mr Shirakawa the BoJ bought lots more assets, but critics said he undercut the positive impact by repeatedly saying they were not enough to end deflation and by restricting the maturity of bonds the bank bought. 日本首相安倍晋三曾以“制度改革”一词来形容日本央行的政策变化。日本央行同意将通胀目标从1%提高到2%,并表示为了实现这一目标资产收购将不设上限。有人预期现任行长白川方明和两位副行长3月19日离任之后,会有力度更大的政策出台。白川在任期间日本央行购入了大量资产,但是有人批评到,由于白川经常强调购入的资产数量仍不足以结束通货紧缩,而且对买入债券的期限种类

Eco中英文对照

Iran’s election and the internet 伊朗总统选举与互联网 Behind a thick curtain 重重幕帘后的伊朗总统选举 In the run-up to the presidential poll, the authorities are blocking the web 总统选举民意测验姗姗走来,互联网转身离开 Jun 15th 2013| TEHRAN |From the print edition AFTER a string of strong performances on the world stage in recent years, Iran’s national kick-boxing team has had to drop out of an international championship in Greece this month. The Greek embassy in Tehran, citing “communications disruptions in Iran”, said that poor internet c onnectivity, which has drastically slowed down in the run-up to the presidential election on June 14th, was to blame. Apparently the Greeks could not get onto an essential server to process the fighters’ visas. “When the elections come, the internet goes,”explains a 31-year-old Iranian teacher. “We are behind a thick curtain at the moment. It happens at every election, even the parliamentary ones.” 这个月,曾经叱咤风云几度春秋的伊朗国家跆拳道队不得不黯然离开希腊国际大奖赛的舞台。希腊驻德黑兰大使馆指责伊朗境内几乎停滞的缓慢网速是罪魁祸首。6月14日,总统选举前夕,“伊朗出现了‘沟通混乱’”。慢得掉渣的网速使希腊大使馆完全无法展开正常工作,更别提给这些跆拳道选手们发放Visa了。“大选迎面走来,但是互联网离我们远去”,一个31岁的伊朗教师解释道,“一块深深幕帘遮挡住了我们。这种‘遮挡’发生在每次选举的前夕,即便是国会选举也是如此。” Wary of the role social networks and videos played in fomenting massive street protests after the disputed re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinej ad as president in 2009, the state’s cyber sleuths are taking no chances this time. Since March, virtual private networks (VPNs), the chief means whereby many of Iran’s 43m internet users evade censorship filters, have been blocked. This is the first time the authorities have managed so protracted and comprehensive a blockage of the VPNs, which means that thousands of foreign websites, including The Economist’s, are blocked, along with Twitter and Facebook. Users trying to get access to such sites are redirected to a slide-show of flowers and mosques. 2009年,内贾德几经波折,终于再次当选总统之后,席卷而来的社交网络与宣传短片煽动了规模庞大的街头抗议。这次教训使得今年的网络侦探们格外谨慎行事。早在三月份,虚拟的私营网络(VPNs)——这个曾经帮助43,000,000伊朗网民摆脱网络监视的“法宝”,就被政府封锁了。这是有史以来伊朗权威部门如此兴师动众地大规模封锁VPNs,这一举动意味着包括经济学人、推特、脸书等在内的成千上万的国外网站一同从伊朗网络上消失。那些仍不死心的网民打开输入这些网址时,发现进入的是一些满是鲜花与清真寺的幻灯片。 The only way netizens can reach censored sites is by using an array of “proxy” applications that work only sporadically and are considered less safe from the Revolutionary Guard’s snooping internet police. Speeds on these proxies are often intolerably slow, uploading virtually impossible. An owner of an engineering firm in Tehran says he has stopped sending technical drawings to clients over the net and uses an expensive private courier instead. 唯一的能打开这些“禁网”的方法就要靠一系列“代理软件”了。即便如此,这些软件也动不动就“罢工”。伊朗革命自卫队的网络警察眼里,这些网站极不安全。经过代理软件处理的网速通常是极其缓慢,想要下载任何东西几乎也是天方夜谭。德黑兰的一位工程公司的老板无奈地表示,形势逼迫他放弃了用网络给客户发技术草图,转

经济学人两篇+翻译

Disney Star Wars, Disney and myth-making How one company came to master the business of storytelling FROM a galaxy far, far away to a cinema just down the road: “The Force Awakens”, the newest instalment of the Star Wars saga, is inescapable this Christmas. The first Star Wars title since Lucasfilm, the owner of the franchise, was acquired by Disney in 2012 for $4.1 billion, it represents more than just the revival of a beloved science-fiction series. It is the latest example of the way Disney has prospered over the past decade from a series of shrewd acquisitions (see article). Having bought Pixar, Marvel and Lucasfilm, Disney has skilfullycapitalised on their intellectual property—and in so doing, cemented its position as the market leader in the industrialisation of mythology. Its success rests on its mastery of the three elements of modern myth-making: tropes, technology and toys. From Homer to Han Solo Start with the tropes. Disney properties, which include everything from “Thor” to “Toy Story”, draw on well-worn devices of mythic structure to give their stories cultural resonance. Walt Disney himself had an intuitive grasp of the power of fables. George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, is an avid student of the work of Joseph Campbell, an American comparative mythologist who outlined the “monomyth” structure in which a hero answers a call, is assisted by a mentor figure, voyages to another world, survives various trials and emerges triumphant. Both film-makers merrily plundered ancient mythology and folklore. The Marvel universe goes even further, directly appropriating chunks of Greco-Roman and Norse mythology. (This makes Disney's enthusiasm for fierce enforcement of intellectual-property laws, and the seemingly perpetual extension of copyright, somewhat ironic.) The internal mechanics of myths may not have changed much over the ages, but the technology used to impart them certainly has. That highlights Disney's second area of expertise. In Homer's day, legends were passed on in the form of dactylic hexameters; modern myth-makers prefer computer graphics, special effects, 3D projection, surround sound and internet video distribution,

考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020021502

Youngsters’job preferences and prospects are mismatched 年轻人的工作偏好与就业前景不相匹配 Teenage picks 青少年的选择 The world of work is changing.Are people ready for the new job outlook? A survey of15-year-olds across41countries by the OECD,a club of mostly rich countries,found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available. 职业的世界正在发生变化。人们做好准备接受新的就业观了吗?世界经合组织(一个以发达国家为主的组织)对41个国家的15岁青少年进行了一项调查,结果发现青少年对于未来可能从事的工作抱有不切实际的期望。 Four of the five most popular choices were traditional professional roles: doctors,teachers,business managers and lawyers. Teenagers clustered around the most popular jobs,with the top ten being chosen by47%of boys and53%of girls.Those shares were significantly higher than when the survey was conducted back in2000. 在五个最受欢迎的职业选择中有四个是传统的职业角色:医生、教师、企业经理和律师。青少年对于最受欢迎工作的选择呈现了聚集性,有47%的男孩和53%的女孩选择了排在前十位的职业。这一比例显著高于2000年调查时的水平。 The rationale for this selection was partly down to wishful thinking on the part of those surveyed(designers,actors and musical performers were three of the top15jobs).Youth must be allowed a bit of hope. 受访者做出这一选择往往是出于自己的一厢情愿(最受欢迎的15个职业中有3个分别是设计师、演员和歌手)。我们必须给年轻人一点希望。

15年每周经济学人报刊中英文对照讲课讲稿

15年每周经济学人报刊中英文对照

空气污染英国需要采取更多措施来净化污浊的空气 Air pollution空气污染The big smoke雾都 Britain needs to do more to clean up its dirty air 英国需要采取更多措施来净化污浊的空气VISITING Oxford Street, a road teeming with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a noxious gas, have been found to be around three times higher there than the legal limit. In 2013 the annual mean concentration of NO2 on the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe. 来到牛津街,你会看到街道两边布满了各式杂乱的商店,而道路上人满为患。行走在这条街上,很明显是个磨练。不为人觉察的是,这里有毒气体二氧化氮(NO2)测出含量超出法定水平的约三倍以上。2013年,这条街的NO2年均浓度是欧洲最高之一。 British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago. Fewer people use coal-burning stoves; old industrial plants have been decommissioned. But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma, have fallen more slowly. The exact number of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown. But in 2010 a government advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere would increase life expectancy for those born in 2008 by an average of six months. 英国的空气比几十年前干净多了。使用燃煤炉灶的人越来越少;老工业厂已经停产。但自2009年起,氧 化氮、微粒物质、以及与肺癌和哮喘相关的粗、细颗粒含量的下降速度减慢了。因污浊空气所引发的死亡人数是未知的。但2010年,一个政府顾问组估算如果将大气中人为造成的微粒物质除去的话,2008年的出生人口人均寿命将增加六个月。 Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars, which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars. In 2001 only 14% of all cars ran on diesel; by 2013 the proportion had increased to 35%. (Greener “hybrid” and electric cars have increased ninefold since 2006, but account for just 0.5% of the entire fleet.) Second-hand cars are particularly noxious, but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped. Many cars that belched out few pollutants in tests produced more when on the roads. 下降速度放缓的大部分原因在于柴油汽车排放的尾气—这为历任政府所支持,因为柴油汽车耗用更少的能源,比汽油汽车排放更少的二氧化碳。2001年,仅14%的汽车使用柴油。2013年,这个比例上涨到了35%。(更绿色的“混合动力”和电瓶车自2006年以来增加了九倍,但仅占汽车总量的0.5%。)二手汽 车尤其有害,但新车也没所期望的那样清洁。很多车在污染物排放测试中排放量低,车在上路时却排放了更多。 Climate change and geoengineering气候变化与地质工程学Fears of a bright planet 地球发光,令人担心Experiments designed to learn more about ways of geoengineering the climate should be allowed to proceed为更好地利用工程学手段研究气候问题所设计的实验应该获准进行下去。SHINY things absorb less heat when left in the sun. This means that if the Earth could be made a little shinier it would be less susceptible to global warming. Ways to brighten it, such as adding nanoscale specks of salt to low clouds, making them whiter, or putting a thin haze of particles into the stratosphere, are the province of “geoengineering”. The small band of scientists which have been studying this subject over the past decade or so have mostly been using computer models. Some of them are now proposing outdoor experiments—using seawater-fed sprayers to churn out particles of the exact size needed to brighten clouds, or spewing sulphur particles from underneath a large balloon 20km up in the sky.发光的物体放在太阳下面会吸收较少的热量。这就意味着如果让地球发一点光的话,受到全球变暖的影响就会小一些。让地球发光的方式,比方说在低空云层上添加纳米级的盐微粒,让云变得更白,或者是将一层薄的雾状物洒向平流层,这些都属于地质工程学的范畴。过去十年左右研究这一领域的一小批科学家主要使用计算机模型,其中一些人现在提出要做室外实验――就是用装有

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