高考英语二轮复习疯狂专练二十一 模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists 教师版

1.【2017·北京卷】3

2. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.

A. to spend

B. spend

C. spending

D. spent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:Jim 已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语,空格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是time ,和spend 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent 。

考点:考查非谓语动词。

2.【2016〃江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message

________within the work. A. to hide B. hidden

C. hiding

D. being hidden 【答案】B

【解析】考查分词做定语。本句中名词短语a secret message 与动词hide 构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the work 在句中做后置定语,修饰名词短语a secret message, 相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work 。A C 项表示主动含义,D 项强调正在进行,与语境不符。故B 正确。

3.【2016〃浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.

A. having conducted

B. to be conducted

C. conducting

D. conducted

【答案】D

【解析】句意:为了回到水污染的问题,我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语,study 和conduct 是动宾关系,用过去分词作定语。B 项也表示被动,但是不定式的被动,表示将要发生的事情。故选D 。

A

【2017·衡阳高三一模】There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals to find cures for human diseases in experimental research. Personally, if there are no other alternatives, and if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for experimental research. The animal righ ts supporters label scientists as “cruel” for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for food. Some even claim that people and animals are 疯狂专练二十一 模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Ⅰ.单项选择

Ⅱ.阅读理解

equal and they should be treated equally. But can the death of an animal be the same thing as the death of a person? I think causing animals to die for science or for saving human lives may be considered ethical (伦理的), if it will contribute to the advancement of science and human health in general.

Another basic argument of animal rights supporters is that people and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even state that it is better to use people directly as they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on man. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die until a healthy result is obtained. People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree, scientists are right to use animal models to do some experiments that could not be achieved in human. There are also a lot of examples which show that using animals resulted in significant developments and helped to cure some serious illnesses.

All in all, using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that animals are treated humanely.

语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议。作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。1.Animal rights supporters hold the opinion that ________.

A.farmers have the legal rights to kill animals

B.causing animals to die for science is acceptable

C.scientists are to blame for killing animals for research

D.animals and people are not different genetically

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。故选C。

2.We can infer that the author ________.

A.seems to be an animal rights supporter

B.does experimental research on animals

C.is concerned about the future of animals

D.agrees that animals can be used in medical research

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知,作者同意用动物进行医学研究。故选D。3.According to the text, it is a fact that ________.

A.it is always illegal to use animals for experimental research

B.using animals for medical experiments contributes to curing some serious illnesses

C.using people models is against the law and regarded as cruel

D.it makes no difference whether to use animals or people for experimental research

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,B项所述是事实。故选B。

B

People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.

Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.

According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.

“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals,” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.

This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Peto's paradox (悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.

The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.

“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. “It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”

语篇解读:科学家研究发现,大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53,人类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症。

4.Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?

A.They have a rather large body size.

B.Their genes suffer no DNA damage.

C.Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.

D.They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“A team at the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing.”可知,因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因,所以大象不患癌症,D项正确。

5.According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?

A.Deadly tumors.

B.The huge body mass.

C.Cells killing themselves.

D.Sensitivity to DNA damage.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals”可知,许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险,故A项正确。6.What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” i n Paragraph 5 probably refer to?

A.Larger animals have protection from TP53.

B.The risk of cancer is not related to body size.

C.Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.

D.The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.

【答案】B

【解析】指代判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.”可知,This phenomenon 指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关,故B项正确。

7.What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.

B.The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.

C.Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.

D.The extra copies of elephants' genes are used to cure cancer patients.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“It's up to us to learn how ...prevent cancer in people.”并结合上文陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断,人们有望通过制造TP53来预防癌症,故C项正确。

Ⅲ.阅读理解(七选五)

【2017·河北衡水中学一模】

Get a Thorough Understanding of Oneself

In all one's life time, it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with.__1__

When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate (高估) yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. __2__ It's likely that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world. Actually, to get a thorough understanding of oneself, you may as well keep the following tips in mind.

Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for dreams can never be fully realized. You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. __3__

Selfappreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature. __4__ If you earnestly (诚挚地) admire yourself you'll have a real sense of selfappreciation.

__5__ In time of anger, do yourself a favor by releasing (释放) it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.

Get a full control of one's life. Then one will find one's life full of color and flavor.

A.It has its own value.

B.Do oneself a favor when it's needed.

C.Do yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.

D.But it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.

E.Especially if it is well within your reach, you are just too blind to see it.

F.When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.

G.So long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself, there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.

【答案】D F G A B

【解析】

语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者向我们提出了彻底了解自己的几点建议:正确认识自己、欣赏自己、善待自己以及充分把握自己的生命。

1.选D本文的标题是“全面了解自己”。上文提到人生在世,和我们相处最久、打交道最多的是我们自己;故D项“但是一个人往往最不了解的恰恰也是自己”与上文话题衔接紧密,也为本文的主旨埋下伏笔。故选D。2.选F上文提到“When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate (高估) yourself.”;故F项“When

you are going downhill ...”在此处与上文构成对比,符合语境。故选F。

3.选G上文提到你可能会勇敢地迎接挑战,但是你必须清楚自己努力的方向;故G项“只要你对自己非常了解,你就没有克服不了的困难”与上文话题衔接紧密,且与本段主旨“正确了解自己”相吻合。故选G。4.选A上文提到无论你把自己比作一座高山还是一块石头,你都代表着自己的一种状态;而A项意为“它都有它自己存在的价值”,放在此处符合语境,与上文话题衔接紧密,且与该段小标题“自我欣赏”相照应。故选A。

5.选B分析文章结构可知,空格处为该段小标题。根据下文三个排比句“In time of anger, do yourself a favor by ...in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor ...”并通读该段内容可知,B项“必要时请善待自己”概括了该段大意,适合做该段标题。故选B。

Ⅳ.语法填空

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

【湖北省襄阳市第五中学2017届高三第一次适应性考试(5月)】Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way. But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns all over the world have helped to make China’s New Year the most famous. These days growing _______1_______ (number) of people who are not of Chinese origin are joining in. In Tokyo window cleaners dress up _______2_______ the animals of the Chinese Shengxiao. America, Canada and New Zealand have published memorial stamps for the year of the chicken. Last year New York City made the Lunar New Year ____3____ school holiday for the first time.

The spread of the Spring Festival is ______4______(part) due to recent immigration from China. 9.5 million Chinese people ______5______ (move) abroad since 1978, many of ______6______ are far richer than earlier waves of immigrants.

Aware of China's growing economic and political influence, foreign leaders have noticed the occasion. Britain’s prime minister, Theresa May, has given a video address, a tradition ____7____ (start)

in 2014 by her predecessor (前任) . This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual ______8______ (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year.

It _____9_____(hope) that the festival will promote its cultural “soft power” abroad. So it may give the Chinese people _______10_______ (satisfy) to see foreigners enjoy such festivities.

【答案】

1. numbers

2. as

3. a

4. partly

5. have moved

6. whom

7. started 8. to avoid 9. is hoped 10. satisfaction

【解析】文章讲述了中国传统的舞龙舞狮在国外的流行和发展的过程。

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