Of study Francis bacon

Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for dlight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.

For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars.one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament.is affectation;to make judgement only by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.

They perfect nature,and are perfected by experience;for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large.except they be bounded in by experiences.

Crafty men contemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by observation.

Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.

Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them by others;but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are,like common distilled waters,flashy things.

Reading maketh a full man:conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.And therefore,if a man write little, he had need have a great memory;if he confer little.he had need have a present wit,and if he read little,he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.

No man is an island

No man is an island,entire of itself

Every man is a piece of continent

A part of the main

If a cold be washed away by the sea

Europe is the less

As well as if a promontory were,

As well as if a manor of thy friend

Or of thine own,were

Any man's death of diminishes me,

Because I am involved in mankind;

And,therefore,never sand to know

For whom the bell tolls:

It tolls for thee

Read Sonnet 18 and answer the following questions.

ˇˇˇˇˇ

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.

(5) Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

(10) Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,

Nor shall Death brag t hough wand’rest in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:

(13) So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long live this, and this gives life to thee.

1.Count the number of lines:fourteen(lines) Count the number of syllables per line:_10__

2 Find the iambic units in each of the lines of sonnet 18. Mark the words/syllables with the iambic with the iambic symbols ( ˇ/ ) Thus, how many IAMBS make up each line in a Shakespearean SONNET? __5_

3The RHYME SCHEME of the sonnet is _ABAB CDCD EFEF GG__

4Now, let us take apart the meaning of this SONNET:

a)In Shakespeare’s day, poets often made extravagant claims about the

person they loved. What extravagant claim is made at the start of this

poem?

He compares his lover to a lovely summer's day in England

b)Why does Shakespeare then say he refutes the claim?

c)What image does Shakespeare use to demonstrate that summer weather is

unpredictable?

d)What does he mean by Summer’s lease?

e)What is the “eye of heaven” in line 5 and why is it not constant or

trustworthy?

f)According to lines 7-8, what might happen to any kind of beauty?

g)What is “nature’s changing course” in line 8?

h)In the third quatrain (lines 9-12), the speaker makes a daring statement to

his lover. What does he claim will never happen?

i)Quote the line of containing an example of personification.

j)What does the final couplet mean and what does “this” refer to?

k)What is the theme of the poem?

5Finally, let us examine the structure of Shakespearean SONNET. It is introduced by the “hypothesis”, followed by the “thesis”, and concluded in the “resolution” in the couplet. What are three thoughts that explicate this

poem?