英国城市技术有限公司ircelco2

英国城市技术有限公司ircelco2
英国城市技术有限公司ircelco2

IRceL ? CO2

Technical Specifications

Non-Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR)0-5% vol. Carbon Dioxide

Within ± (0.1% vol CO 2 + 4% of

concentration)

<35 Seconds

< ±0.003% CO 2< ±0.075% CO 2

See Operating Principles OP17

Product Dimensions

All dimensions in mm All tolerances ±0.15mm unless othewise stated

IMPORTANT NOTE:

Connection should be made via PCB sockets only. Soldering to the pins will seriously damage your sensor.

All performance data is based on conditions at 20°C, 50%RH and 1013mBar, using City

Technology recommended circuitry. For sensor performance data under other conditions, refer to the Characterisation Note and Operating Principles.

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Gas Sensor

Part Number: IRCEL-CO2R

MEASUREMENT

Operating Principle Measurement Range Accuracy (-20°C to +50°C)Response Time (T 90)Repeatability:

Zero 5% CO 2Linearity 3-5 VDC, 3.3 V to utilise

EEPROM calibration

<100 mW at 3.3 V

2 Hz, 50% duty cycle

0.005% CO 2 at zero

0.15% CO 2 at range

<10 Seconds

ELECTRICAL

Supply Voltage Power Consumption Recommended Lamp Frequency Minimum Resolution Warm-up Time Stainless Steel (see back page)

23 g Any

MECHANICAL

Housing Material Weight Orientation General Purpose Portable /

Fixed CO 2 Detection

-20°C to +50°C

0 to 99% RH (non-condensing)700 to 1300 mBar with

compensation ENVIRONMENTAL

Typical Applications Operating Temperature Range Operating Humidity Range Operating Pressure Range < 80 ppm CO 2 per month

-20°C to +50°C

> 5 years

12 months from date of despatch

LIFETIME

Long Term Zero Drift Recommended Storage Temp MTBF Standard Warranty Key Features & Benefits:

?Integrated thermister for accurate temperature compensation ?EEPROM programmed with sensor specfic performance characteristics ?

Compact Size

Pin Function 1Lamp

return 2Lamp +5V 3+5V pyro supply 4Detec tor output 5Referenc e output 6Thermis tor output 7

0V py ro s

upply

Instructions specific to hazardous area installations

(reference European ATEX Directive 94 / 9/ EC, Annex II, 1.0.6.)

The following instructions apply to equipment covered by certificate number Sira 04ATEX1084X;

1.The equipment may be used with flammable gases and vapours with apparatus groups IIA,

IIB and IIC and with temperature classifications T1, T2, T3 and T4.

2.The equipment is certified for use in ambient temperatures of -20oC to +55oC.

3.The equipment has not been assessed as a safety related device (as referred to by Directive

94 / 9 / EC Annex II, clause 1.5).

4.Installation of the equipment shall be carried out by suitably trained personnel in accordance

with the applicable code of practice (e.g. EN 60079-14)

5.Inspection and maintenance of this equipment shall be carried out by suitably trained

personnel in accordance with the applicable code of practice (e.g. EN 60079-17).

6.Repair of this equipment shall be carried out by suitably trained personnel in accordance with

the applicable code of practice (e.g. EN 60079-19).

7.Special conditions for safe use

7.1. The IRceL is designed to be connected to a gas detector which shall provide an intrinsically

safe supply and having a maximum output power (P

max

) not greater than 1.4watt.

7.2.Because the IRceL has not been proven to withstand the impact and drop tests prescribed

in EN 60079-0:2006, clauses 26.4.2 and 26.4.3, additional protection shall be provided to

ensure that it cannot be subjected to such mechanical stresses.

Approval Body:SIRA CERTIFICATION SERVICE

Test Standard:EN 60079-0:2006 General Requirements

EN 60079-1:2007 Flameproof Enclosures "d"

EN 61241-0:2006 Electrical Apparatus for use in the presence of Combustible Dust

Part 0 : General Requirements.

EN 61241-1:2004 Electrical Apparatus For use in th epresence of Combustible Dust

Part 1 : Protection of Enclosures "td"

Product Categories:ExdI/IIC T4 (T

amb

-20°C to +55°C),

Pmax = 1.4W MbGb

ExtIIICIP6xDb

II2GD/IM2 0518

Certificate Number:

Sira 04ATEX1084X

Approval Body:UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC?

Test Standard:UL913

CSA.C22.2 No 157

Product Categories:Class 1, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, D

File Number:E180262

Product Approval

8.The certification of this equipment relies upon the following materials used in its construction;

Enclosure material:either303 stainless steel, which contains less than 6%

magnesium

or304 stainless steel, which contains less than 6% magnesium

Flame arrester:316 stainless steel mesh

Cement:CW2248/HY956EN

Manufacturer Ciba-Geigy

Type of compound Epoxy resin

Colour Beige (natural)

Filler type and %55.2% trihydrated Al

2O

3

Other additives8.3%

Surface treatments None

Temperature index170°C

City Tech reference RM 497

If the equipment is likely to come into contact with aggressive substances, then it is the responsibility of the user to take suitable precautions that prevent it from being adversely affected, thus ensuring that the type of protection is not compromised.

Aggressive substances: e.g. acidic liquids or gases that may attack metals, or solvents

that may affect polymeric materials.

Suitable precautions:regular checks as part of routine inspections or establishing

from the material's data sheet that it is resistant to specific

chemicals.

9.The IRceL is available in several formats depending upon the optical filter and components

employed. The Certification marking is shown below using the IRceL CH4 label as an example:

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document at the time of printing. In accordance with the company’s policy of continued product improvement City Technology Limited reserves the right to make product changes without notice. No liability is accepted for any consequential losses, injury or damage resulting from the use of this document or from any omissions or errors herein. The data is given for guidance only. It does not constitute a specification or an offer for sale. The products are always subject to a programme of improvement and testing which may result in some changes in the characteristics quoted. As the products may be used by the client in circumstances beyond the knowledge and control of City Technology Limited, we cannot give any warranty as to the relevance of these particulars to an application. It is the clients’ responsibility to carry

out the necessary tests to determine the usefulness of the products and to ensure their safety of operation in a particular application.

Performance characteristics on this data sheet outline the performance of newly supplied sensors. Output signal can drift below the

lower limit over time.

英美文化概况之英国篇

英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 (一) 英国东邻北海,西、北面对大西洋,南面是英吉利海峡(the English Channel),与法国隔海相望。 地理上,这里被称为“不列颠群岛”(British Isles),由大不列颠岛(Great Britain)和爱尔兰岛(Ireland)这两大岛屿,以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士(England,Scotland and Wales)三个区域,而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国(Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland)两块。 政治上,大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国(the United Kingdom),而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国,则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦(London);而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林(Dublin)。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域,其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多,总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”(English)指代“不列颠人”(British),这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人(Scots and Welsh)的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地,其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后,随着不列颠国力衰退,各殖民地纷纷独立,不列颠帝国(the British Empire)在1931年起被英联邦所取代。

英联邦(the Commonwealth of Nations)是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权;各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作;各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 (二) 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原;而东部和东南部则主要是低地,他们是整个欧洲平原(the Great European Plain)的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地,那里地势平缓,多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区,土地肥沃,适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿,它拥有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰(Ben Nevis)便座落于此,高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区,6%的土地被森林覆盖,大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸,曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地,东南部为山区,而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家,四面环海,它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡(Straits of Dover),仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车,使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体,被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河(the Severn)是英国第一大河流,长338公里,它同西

英语国家概况—英国

Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066) Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381) Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688) Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990) Chapter 6 The Economy Chapter 7 Government and Administration Chapter 8 Justice the Law Chapter 9 Social Affairs Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs Chapter 1 Land, People and Language ?1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. ?People England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in England’s prosperous and fertile southeast, with over 7 million in the capital. The majority of the population are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.These people settled in England and drove the native Celtic people to the mountainous areas of Wales and Scotland. Their language became the official language of the country. Most people in W ales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people who were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. The Irish people were also of Celtic origin. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and a quarter of the world’s land area. ?Geographical Features There are 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-W est slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. There are 3 natural zones of Scotland: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.

英语国家概况

英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island:England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年,至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置: Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部,与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地,东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).

英国主要城市简介

英国 (UK) 由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四部分组成。英国的国土总面积约为24.5 万平方公里,人口总数约为 6100 万。 英格兰(England) 土地总面积:13,041 万平方公里 首都:伦敦 人口:5070 万 苏格兰(Scotland) 土地总面积:7,8772 万平方公里 首都:爱丁堡 人口:510 万 威尔士(Wales) 土地总面积:2,0758 万平方公里 首都:加的夫 人口:298 万 北爱尔兰(North Ireland) 土地总面积:1,416 万平方公里 首都:贝尔法斯特 人口:170 万 伦敦LONDON 总人口:690.5万 学生数量:188,000人 伦敦是英国的首都也是国际上主要的大都市之一。在伦敦使用的语言种类之多是世界上其它任何一座城市所无法比拟的,而且其影响力也早已突破英国的国境而深入欧洲大陆。大伦敦大体呈四个圈层的同心圆式,包括伦敦城、内伦敦(伦敦城外的12个市区)、外伦敦(内伦敦以外的20个市区)。总面积1580平方千米。依据城市特点,大伦敦又可分为伦敦城、西伦敦、东伦敦、南区、港口区和郊区等几部分。伦敦城面积仅为1.6平方千米,是英国历史中心和古王宫所在地,现为金融资本和贸易中心。西伦敦为全市最繁华的商业、文化区、王宫白金汉宫、首相宫邸唐宁街10号、会议大厦、政府机关白厅所在地,东伦敦和南区为工商业区和住宅区。郊区多公寓和别墅,是英国航空工业和汽车制造中心。伦敦是有2000年悠久历史的世界著名城市。其名胜古迹和现代化建筑多姿多彩,美不胜收。白金汉宫始建于16世纪,收藏大量珍贵家具、绘画和工艺品。威斯敏斯特宫庄严典雅,为伦敦最壮丽的哥特式建筑。圣保罗大教堂高110多米,以悠久的历史和壮观的圆形屋顶著名。此外,伦敦塔、伦敦塔桥、大英博物馆、图索德夫人馆、皇家植物园等亦为著名游览地。 伦敦的国内生产总值(GDP)几乎占了英国全国的五分之一,换句话说,其与俄罗斯全国的国内生产总值相差无几。伦敦的特别之处在于其超过百分之四十的GDP和百分之三十以上的就业机会是以商业和金融服务业为依托的。这两个行业在伦敦的发达程度超过在英国其它任何一个地方。

英美国家概况之英国

填空题 Chapter 1 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts. 4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable. Chapter 2 1.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, when

英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰

英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫,还有st james’hall 圣詹姆斯宫。The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党),因为他们短发。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后,儿子Richard 继位,但是统治失败,议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室(William of Orange橘子?英国的名字真搞笑),用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权,William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案,英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。辉格党和托利党(Whigs and Tories)两党名称来自光荣革命,辉格党就是后来的Liberal party,托利党是Conservative party 宪章运动Chartist Movement 由于对改革法案《Reform Act》和新贫困法《New Poor Law》的不满,工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association,起草了人民宪章《People’s Charter》,想让议会通过但是失败,宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。工会和工党Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意识到联合的重要性,于是工会出现,Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立,是全国的大公会,后来Trade Union Congress 开始。殖民扩张Colonial Expansion 自1583年开始,英国在新大陆Newfoundland开始殖民统治,1900日不落帝国形成,“on which the sun never set”君主政体英国是君主立宪制constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。议会组成House of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院下议院最有权力政党:工党Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守党,政党的领导人是总理Tony Blair是有史以来最年轻的工党领导人,总理。枢密院the Privy Council,是国家执行力机构,chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council 司法特点:no single legal system, no complete code,法律的来源包括:statutes法令,大量的common law,equity law衡平法,european community law。二战后英国经济的发展50s-60s稳定发展阶段,70s经济萧条,80s经济恢复:撒切尔夫人Mrs. Thatcher 当选总理,推行中期财政计划Medium-term Financial Strategy 国教established chruches:在英国church of england,在苏格兰church of scotland 非国教unestablished churches:英国圣公会anglican chruches,自由教free churches,天主教roman catholic

英语国家概况之英国文学

时间时期代表人物作品 5世纪-1485 中世纪文学 Middle Ages The Book of Kells Beowulf 贝奥武甫 Geoffrey Chaucer 英国诗歌之父 The Canterbury T ales 坎特伯雷故事 15世纪后期-17世纪初期文艺复兴 The Renaissance Christopher Marlowe The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Ben Jonson 无 William Shakespeare 200首长诗 154首十四行诗(sonnet) 38部戏剧 17世纪17世纪文学King James I the Holy Scriptures(King James Bible) Francis Bacon Essays 论说文集 The Novum Organum新工具 The New Atlantis新大西岛 John Milton (a master of the blank verse 素体诗)Areopagitica 论出版自由Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙 17世纪后期-18世纪中期启蒙时期 The Enlightenment 18世纪初新古典主义 New Classical Jonathan Swift 英国文学史上最伟 大的讽刺散文作家 Gulliver's travel格列佛游记(Lilliput小人国→ Brobdingnag大人国→laputa飞岛国→yahoo) Robert Burns Holy Willie's prayer 圣威列的祈祷 To a Mouse 致小鼠 To a Louse 致虱子 Comin'thro'the Rye穿过麦田 Auld Lang Syne. 友谊地久天长 Daniel Defoe Moll Flanders 摩尔·弗兰德斯 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾孙漂流记 1798-1832 1785-1830 浪漫主义 The Romantic Period Wordsworth和 Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集(浪漫主义时期的 Declaration of Independence ) William Wordsworth The Prelude My Heart Leaps up When I Behold(Daffodils咏水 仙) I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Samuel Taylor Coleridge Biographia Literaria 文学传记 The Rime of Ancient Mariner古舟子吟 Robert Souther 无 Lord Byron Childe Harold's pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记 Don Juan 唐璜

TestforUK英美国家概况英国部分测试题.docx

1.Off the coast of mainland Western Europe lie two islands called the British Isles of which the big one is the island of ___ , or ___ , and the small one is the island of __ . 2.Britainis divided into three par ts: ___ . and . 3.LondonGMT is s hort for, which i s the time o n the line o f __ (deg r ee) longitu de, which pa sses through ____ , a d istrict of s outheast, u sed as a bas is for calcu lati ng time throughout t he world in d iff ere nt ti me zon es. 4.United KingdomThe national fl ag of thei s also calle d ____ or __ . 5.Englandwas once conquer ed by , ____ z and . 6.EnglandOf the fou r nations,feel mo st British,is the most confid ent of its o wn identity’and__ i s most clos ely related to. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html,Monetary unit of is __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html, , __ , and are majo r industries in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html, __ , ___ , and __ a re major tr ading partne rs of. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html,is k nown as"; due to its decline s in economy . 11.National Ho liday of UK is ___ ? 12.and weakened the European monarchies,and introdu ced the age of con stitut ional mon arc hy, a mon arc hy with powe rs limited b y Parliame nt ? 13?UKThree major national pa rties of ar e ___ , and . 14. Depe nding on the rela tive st re ngt hs of the pa rties in the House of Co mmons, the 0 pposition ma y try to ove rthrow the G overnment by defeating i t on a vote. 25.The Prime Minis ter's offici al reside nee is ______ ,which is the symbol of t he British G overnment. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html,In , Ministers are appoint ed by the Qu een on the r ecommendatio n of __ ? 17.EnglandAs the langu age of, Eng lish is a la nguage belon ging to the branchofthe family. 18.S tandard Engl ish is vario usly known a s ___ …__ a nd ___ or __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html, and are very p opular Chris tian festiva Is in. 20. a system n ow in gen era I use of arr an ging the m on ths in the year and th e days in th e mon th, int roduced by P ope Gregory X III (1502-85). 21.The only re ally importa nt patriotic festival is ____ on w hich __ are remember ed in specia I church ser vices and ci vicceremoni es. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html,The popul ation ofis nearly million. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html, , and __ are the main language us ed in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea10984048.html, is nationa I nickname o f. 25?The Engli sh have a mi xed cultural heritage co mbining , ____ 〃and element s. 26.The Englis h have many differences in regional speech. The Chief divisi on is betwee n _ and __ . 27.WalesThe ancestors of the Welsh w ere _________ ,who escaped to the wild mountains of form the i n vadi ng Angl es and Sax on s. 28.Today abou t_____ % of the Welsh p opulation st ill speak We Ish as their first Iangu age and abou t ______ % of the Welsh p eople speak only Welsh,and

英语国家概况 英国&澳大利亚部分Terms

Terms 1. Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter", literally "Great Paper"). In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal Barons (男爵,贵族) and the church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. The Magna Carta is regarded as the foundation of the British Constitutionalism(立宪制度)and it provides the basic principles(基本原则)for the protection of individual rights in both Britain and the United States. 2. The Hundred Years’ War The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, Territory(领土), security(安全)and the throne(王权). The Hundred Years’ War promoted the concept of English Nationalism(民族主义)and the development of the textile industry because it reduced the export of English wool (羊毛). The war raised the social position of the bourgeois(资产阶级)class. All these factors contributed to the decline of feudalism(封建制度)in England. 3. The Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争 Between 1455 and 1485 a series of battles were fought between the two branches of the Plantagenet family, the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and the House of York, symbolized by the white rose, ended with the failure of the House of York. 4. Black Death Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly(致命的)bubonic plague(黑死病), an epidemic disease(流行病) spread by rat fleas(鼠疫跳蚤). It was a fierce and widespread outbreak of plague(瘟疫) that ravaged(毁坏)the whole of Europe in the 14th century. It hit England first in 1349 with subsequent waves between 1360 and 1375 . The plague killed perhaps up to one-third of the British population. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labour. 5. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization(机械化) of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile (纺织)industry.

英国概况

英国概况 【城市】伦敦首都。是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心,最大海港和首要工业城市。它位于英格兰东南部,跨泰晤士河下游两岸,距河口88公里。世界十大都市之一。 伦敦市城外的12个市区,称内伦敦,以外的20个市区,称外伦敦。伦敦城加上内外伦敦,合称大伦敦市。伦敦城面积1.6平方公里,大伦敦面积则达1580平方公里。 伦敦的交通很发达,是英国的铁路中心,十几条铁路干线从这里伸向大不列颠岛上各主要城镇。伦敦也是全国公路网的中心。伦敦还是世界上最大的国际港口和航运市场,世界上所有的主要航运、造船和租船公司,都在这里设有代表机构。伦敦的西郊有一座欧洲客运量最大的国际机场——希恩罗机场。 伦敦是座多古迹名胜的城市,这里有白金汉宫、唐宁街10号(首相府)、议会大厦、大本钟、“伦敦城”、大英博物馆、蜡人馆、圣保罗教堂、威斯敏特教堂、格林威治、“东伦敦”、“西伦敦”、“中国城”。海德公园和马克思城。 朴次茅斯英国南部中段沿海重要商港和最老的海军基地之一,扼英吉利海峡的朴次茅斯湾湾口。朴次茅斯建于12世纪,19世纪中叶成为重要海军基地,而且是军港、渔港、商港三者兼而有之。 伯明翰是仅次于伦敦的英国第二大城市。17世纪后,逐渐发展起来的一个工业城市,并享有“世界车间”之美称。伯明翰分为新城和老城。新城的火车站附近是英国工业展览会的所在地。老城车站是伯明翰市的中心。这里商店集中,道路狭窄,人流不息,因而禁止车辆通行。伯明翰市区只有少数的高楼大厦,大部建筑都是二层楼房,显得古朴无华。伯明翰的四周,有无数大工厂。它的工业产值占全国工业产值的1/5。 曼彻斯特 曼彻斯特在英格兰西北部兰开夏郡内,是英国中部地区工商业、金融和文化中心。曼彻斯特是英国工业革命的故乡。从20世纪初,曼彻斯特的工业结构发生了变化,纺织工业衰退了,机械、电子、化学、炼油、食品加工、玻璃塑料等工业发展起来。曼彻斯特市中心的商业区相当繁华,阿登商业中心是最大商店。从曼彻斯特商业中心往西南步行30多分钟就到了曼彻斯特的贫民区,这里是欧洲最大的贫民窟。曼彻斯特也是一座文化城市,是英国新闻业的第二中心,英国北部地区的广播和电视总部都设在这里。曼彻斯特是英国工人运动的中心之一。恩格斯曾在此居住多年。 利物浦在英格兰西海岸默西河口,英国的大工业中心和第二大商港,有人口47万(1983年)。港口的海堤全长11公里,1年的货物吞吐量达3000万吨。利物浦是个历史悠久的古城,这里有许多有名的观光胜地。利物浦北部爱尔兰海岸上有几个风景优美的海滨休养地,其中最大的是布莱克普尔。布莱克普尔的灯景是利物浦的一大景观。沿岸长长的海堤,马路的两边和天空布满了彩灯。灯形千奇百怪。 【旅游】“大本”钟泰晤士河畔议会大厦的北面,耸立着高高的钟楼,镶有大钟,名为“大本”。每隔一小时,大钟根据格林威治时间发出沉重而铿锵的响声,在数英里之外也能听到钟声的回荡。 1859年,大钟由当时的英王工务大臣本杰明·霍尔爵士监制,大钟共重21吨,铸造时耗资2.7万英镑。 “大本”钟被视为伦敦的象征,凡到伦敦观光的人,无不想到钟楼周围,站在议会桥上欣赏伦敦这个独具一格的建筑。 伦敦塔伦敦塔始建于1078年。它在历史上既作过王宫,也作过法院,后来又是一所监狱。伦敦塔占地7.2公顷,周围用巨石筑成一道厚实的城墙。城墙上有许多炮台、箭楼,四周是一条又宽又深的护城河。从1107年,诺曼征服伦敦后,伦敦塔成了国王行辕总署和兵营。从1140年到17世纪该塔一直是英国历代国王的主要住处。英国暴君詹姆斯一世在塔内被处死之后,伦敦塔就成了监禁犯人的牢狱和刑场。 伦敦塔现在已经成了对外开放的博物馆。塔内有个珍宝馆,观众可以看到英国历代国王的王冠、王室珍藏的金银珠宝。伦敦古堡中还有一些身体肥胖称为“渡乌”的大乌鸦,有专人饲养。伦敦塔有千年的历

英国概况

英国概况 一.概况(Introduction) 国名:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),简称联合王国(United Kingdom),或者英国(Britain)。 国旗(National Flag):米字旗 国徽(National Emblem):国徽中心有一枚盾,盾面的左上角和右下角分别有三只红底金狮,象征着英格兰,右上角是象征着苏格兰的三只金底红狮,左下角的竖琴(harp)则象征着爱尔兰。盾左边是一支头戴王冠的狮子,象征英格兰,而右侧的独角兽(unicorn)则象征着苏格兰。 国歌(National Anthem):《天佑女王》(God Save the Queen),如果在位君王是男性,则改为(God Save the King)。 国庆日(National Day):英王的生日即为国庆日。 国花(National Flower):玫瑰花(Rose) 首都(Capital):伦敦(London),英国的第一大城市和第一大港口,欧洲最大的都会之一。同时它也是世界三大金融中心之一。(纽约,伦敦,东京) 语言(Languages):官方用语为英语。此外英国各个地区还有自己的通用语言:威尔士语(Welsh),爱尔兰语(Irish),苏格兰语(Scots)等等。 行政区域(Administrative Region):分为四个部分:英格兰(England),威尔士(Wales),苏格兰(Scotland)和北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)。伦敦又被称作为“大伦敦” (Greater London),它辖有32个独立的城区(London Boroughs)和一个“金融城”(City of London)。 二.英国地理(Geography) 1.英国简介(Brief introduction to Britain) 英国由大不列颠岛(Britain)和北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)组成,其中大不列颠岛由英格兰(England)、苏格兰(Scotland)和威尔士(Wales)三个部分组成。 2.地理名词(Geographical Terms) 英吉利海峡(English Channel):位于英国和法国之间,是隔离英国和欧洲大陆的海峡,同时也是国际航运要道。 塞文河(Severn River):英国境内最长的河流。

相关文档
最新文档