342英语A要点【zj】

342英语A要点【zj】
342英语A要点【zj】

【词汇】

. 保持,维持干净的,整洁的

. 使……变得 . 空气

. 肮脏的 . 烟雾

. 垃圾 . 肮脏的,乱七八糟的

. 死的 . 垃圾桶

. 种植,栽种 . 更多的

. 博物馆 . 扔

果皮 . 地面,地上

. 滑倒 . 摔倒

. ……从……搬走. …捡起,拾起

. 工厂. ! 干得好,做得好。

注:蓝色单词为新编教材至出现的而旧教材至中没有出现的词汇【词组与短语】

. 让我们的城市保持整洁

. 我们城市的图片

使空气变脏

. 使得我们的城市变脏

. 从汽车里冒出的烟

. 来自工厂的黑烟

. 又脏又乱. 死亡

. 在水里

. …乘坐公交地铁

. 交通工具乘……去上学

. 步行去学校

. … 从……搬走

. 将垃圾放进垃圾桶

. 种植更多的树

. . 帮着做某事

. 你的主意

. 干得好,做得好

. 扫地

. 擦桌椅

. 将垃圾扔在地上

. 步行回家

. 放学后

. 住在城市里

. 许多博物馆

. 又干净又漂亮

. 一块香蕉皮

. 在地上

. … 捡起,拾起. 那样做. 太晚了. …滑倒在……上. 去医院看病. ’ 我很抱歉

【语法知识点】

. 复合宾语(名词或代词形容词)表示“使……变得……”。

如:? 什么使得空气变脏?

. 垃圾使得街道又脏又乱。

. 水果能使我们身体变得健康而强壮。

. 这部电影让我看了很伤心。

. 这猴子把狮子给惹怒了。

. 复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)表示“保持某人或某物的某种状态”。

如: . 请把你的衣服保持干净。

. . 戴上手套。这样让你的双手保持温暖。

. 我们在图书馆应该保持安静。

. ’ . 我累得眼睛都睁不开了.

. 不定式短语“…”作状语,用以说明追求。例如:

? 为了保持我们的城市干净,我们能做些什么?

. 我们可以扫地来使得我们的教室保持干净。

. 我们可以把工厂搬出城市来使得空气保持干净。

【语言知识点】

.我们可以把一些工厂从城市搬走。

…是“搬走”、“移走”的意思。如:

.请把你的车开走。

.它们(树)有助于保持空气清洁。

此句中的也是动词不定式,作的宾语。接在后的动词不定式,通常省略,尤其在非正式用语和口语中。如:

() ?你能帮忙打开窗户吗?

() .让我来帮忙打扫吧。

. . 我喜欢住在城市里。

在这里的是的宾语。接动名词形式作其宾语,意思是“喜爱……”,常指经常性的喜爱。如:

我喜欢游泳。

. .把它捡起来。

是个由动词加副词构成的短语动词。在这类动词中,如果有宾语,可以将宾语放在副词前面,也可以将宾语放在副词后面。如:

把香蕉皮捡起来。 .

把外衣穿上。 . .

但如果宾语是人称代词,就必须将它放在这副词前面。如:

. 把它捡起来。 . 把他们捡起来。

. .比利去医院看病。

通常情况下:是指住院治疗或看病。是指去医院探望病人或去医院上班等意思。

但《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第版)告诉我们:表示“去医院看病”时,英国英语是,而美国英语则是。如:

(英国英语) . 你应该去医院看病。

. 她得去看病。

. 她住院两个星期。

(美国英语) . 你应该去医院看病。

. 她得去看病。

. 她住院两个星期。

. . 我们可以乘坐公交和地铁上学。

. 我们也可以走着去上学。

上面的两句话,我们可以另外的表达方式:

.

.

再如: . .

. .

. .

. 和放学后正走回家。

“走回家”的意思。

英语中,像, , , (到达)等词是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语,如果要说“去什么地方”,那么后面要加“() 地点”。例如:, 。当后面跟副词时,不能跟或。如:, , , (到家)。而除了副词词性外,还有名词词性。当作副词时,意为“到家,回家”。作名词时,意为“家,家乡”等意思。如:, 此时前有形容词性物主代词修饰,是名词,所以前面要加上。

. ? 城市干净吗?

. 我们可以把课桌椅擦干净。

第一句中是形容词,意为:清洁的,干净的,整洁的。反义词为。第二句中是动词,意为:打扫,擦干净,清除等。例如:

. . 这条河很干净,孩子们可以在里面游泳。

? 你打扫房间了吗?

. 本单元新增了一些动词,它们的过去式有必要记一记:

– , – , – , – , – , – , – , – , – , –…

【语音】

英语的语调总的特点是,全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低,语调主要表现在句末,升调和降调通常分别用“↗”和“↘”来表示。

升调常用来表示不肯定语意未完,或表示礼貌,常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况:

①一般疑问句通常用升调。

` ↗?

` ↗?

` ↗?.

②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时,除最后那个并列成分用降调外,前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。

`’ ` ` ↘.↗,↗,↗,↗,↘. `,

↘ .

’ ` ` ↗, ` ` ` ↗,↗ `

↘.

` ` ↗,↗↘.

` ↗, ` ↗, ` ↗, ` ↗, ` ↗, ` ` ` ↘.

` ` ` ↗, ` ` ↗ ` ` ↘.

③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分,前的部分用升调,后的部分用降调,记成“前升后降”。

` ↗↘?

` ↗ ` ↘?

` ` ↗ ` ↘?

④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况:若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握,想询问对方这一句是否正确,则陈述句部分用降调,简略问句用升调。若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握,只是想要对方同意自己的观点,或是想从对方那里得到证实,则前后两部分都用降调。

` , ↗’ ?

, ’ . ` , ↗’ ?

` ` ↘,↗’ ?

⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也分两种情况:若主句在前,从句在后,主句结束时意思已比较完整,则通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用降调。但是,若从句在前,主句在后,则常常是“前升后降”。

` ↘ ` ` ↘.

` ` ↗, ` ` ↘.

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