GRE PP2 150填空

1. In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the__________ of errors is more likely to be_______ than is the establishment of probable truth.

formulation . . permitted correction . . ignored

detection . . useful accumulation . . agreeable refinement . . conditional 2. Although skeptics say financial problems will probably ________our establishing a base on the Moon, supporters of the project remain _______, saying that human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic constraints.

beset . . disillusioned hasten . . hopeful postpone . . pessimistic prevent . . enthusiastic allow . . unconvinced

3. The state of a nation's science determines its prosperity and political power, and scientists should not_______ this relationship even if their own interest in science is of a less practical nature.

overlook consider overestimate rely on notice

4. All_______ biological traits fall into one of two categories: those giving their possessors greater ________the environment and those rendering them more independent of it.

widespread . . detachment from beneficial . . control over successful . . freedom from neutral . . compatibility with harmful . . advantage in

5. Most histories of science are success stories that conclude on _______ note with the fin_______ of a theory that is the basis of subsequent inquiries by later researchers.

a retrospective . .extrapolation an analytic . . rebuttal an objective . . rationalization

a positive . . refutation a triumphal . . ascendancy

6. Whereas the Elizabethans struggled with the transition from medieval ________ experience to modern individualism, we confront an electronic technology that seems likely to reverse the trend, rendering individualism obsolete and interdepen- dence mandatory.

literary intuitive corporate heroic spiritual

7. The a tempt to breed suitable varieties of jojoba by using hybridization to_______ favorable traits was finally aban- doned in favor of a simpler and much faster ________: the domestication of flourishing wild strains.

eliminate . . alternative reinforce . . method allow . . creation

reduce . . idea concentrate . . theory

8. In spite of the increasing_______ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented.

Impartiality consistency judiciousness incisiveness polarity 9. Supporters praised the mayor's a action as a speedy and judicious solution, but critics condemned it as _______ and unfairly influenced by recent events.

innocuous fortuitous beguiling discreet premature

10. Although frequent air travelers remain unconvinced, researchers have found that, paradoxically, the_______ disorientation inherent in jet lag also may yield some mental health _______.__

temporal . . benefits acquired . . hazards somatic . . disorders random . . deficiencies typical . . standards

11. Some artists immodestly idealize or exaggerate the significance of their work; yet others________ to exalt the role of the artist, re-ject a transcendent view of art.

appearing disdaining seeking failing tending

12. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer _______; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.

preeminent pertinent beneficial essential pragmatic

13. Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in this particular experiment she

let a number of _______ results slip by.

inaccurate verifiable redundant salient anomalous

14. Despite its________, the book deals _______ with a number of crucial issues.

optimism . . cursorily importance . . needlessly virtues . . inadequately

novelty . . strangely completeness . . thoroughly

15. Because the most recent research has _______ earlier criticism of her work, one has to conclude that scient persist in dismissing her contribution are either________ the latest findings or simply obstinate.

disparaged . . satisfied with refined . . preoccupied with rejuvenated . . unmoved by confirmed . . opposed to invalidated . . ignorant of

16. Babcock's criticism of the business practices of fellow merchants was colored by _______: the

more successful the other entrepreneurs, the more bitterly they were _______.__

sensitivity . . courted jealousy . . castigated admiration . . admo nished ambivalence . . dismissed blame . . exonerated

17. Though his contemporaries tended to fixate on the politician's supposed _______, his personal correspondence _______ a surprising largesse.

charity . . confirms parsimony . . contradicts avarice . . betrays

integrity . . reveals generosity . . bespeaks

18. In contrast to more _______ publications of ever narrower purview, the journal Antiquity has remained as __________ as it was when it began, continuing to serve the broader interests of the discipline of archaeology.

atypical . . anomalous specialized . . eclectic diverse . . idiosyncratic

irrelevant . . superfluous authoritative . . autocratic

19. If the theory is self-evidently true, as its proponents assert, then why does _______ it still exist among

well-informed people?

support for excitement about regret for

resignation about opposition to

20. Religious philosopher that he was, Henry More derived his conception of an infinite universe from the Infinite God in whom he believed, a benevolent God of _______ whose nature was to create _______.__ plenitude . . abundance vengeance . . justice indifference . . suffering indulgence . . temperance rectitude . . havoc

21. According to some experts, modern science as it emerged in the seventeenth century was essentially a

_______ calling: the culture of science was more a _______ than a departure from ecclesiastical traditions. scholarly . . recapitulation of skeptical . . return to religious . . continuation of solemn . . recantation of technical . . modification of

22. We first became aware that his support for the new program was less than _______ when he declined

to make a speech in its favor.

qualified haphazard fleeting unwarranted wholehearted

23. Because of the excellent preservation of the fossil, anatomical details of early horseshoe crabs were

________ for the first time, enabling experts to_______ the evolution of the horse-

shoe crab.

scrutinized . . ensure verified . . advance identified . . dirt

obscured . . illustrate clarified . . reassess

24. Nothing _______ his irresponsibility better than his__________ delay in sending us the items he promised weeks ago.

justifies . . conspicuous characterizes . . timely epitomizes . . unnecessary

reveals . . conscientious conceals . . inexplicable

25. The few dozen gray seals that have thus far died of canine distemper can, at least for now, be considered _______, since most of the remaining 200,000 gray seals appear uninfected by the disease. unexceptional immune anomalous enda ngered contagious 26. A century ago the physician's word was _______: to doubt it was considered almost sacrilegious. inevitable intractable incontrovertible objective respectable

27. So much of modern fiction in the United States is autobiographical, and so much of the autobiography fictionalized, that the__________ sometimes seem largely _______.__

authors . . ignored needs . . unrecognized genres . . interchangeable intentions . . misunderstood misapprehensions . . uncorrected

28. Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fish were often beautiful but rarely_______ ; this cat, combined with the________ nature of most nineteenth-century taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.

impressive . . inaccurate realistic . . detailed traditional . . progressive precise . . inexact distinctive . . sophisticated

29. Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of _______ interest.

historical intrinsic astronomical experimental superfluous 30. The challenge of interpreting fictional works written under politically repressive regimes lies in distinguishing what is _______ to an author's beliefs, as opposed to what is _______ by political coercion. innate . . understood organic . . imposed contradictory . . conveyed

oblique . . captured peripheral . . demanded

31. Although the intellectual and artistic achievements of this ancient civilization were, even by modern standards, extraordinarily _______, its level of technical and mechanical development was by no means _______ to that of modern technology.

primitive . . superior diverse . . inimical sophisticated . . comparable primeval . . equivalent influential . . subordinate

32. Although the genetic explanation of why some people are right-handed whereas others are left- handed is plausible, it has been effectively__________by experiments in which genetically _______ mice showed different paw preferences.

verified . . related challenged . . indistinguishable tested . . altered

proven . . identical destroyed . . complex

33. While T.S. Eliot maintained that poets themselves were the best _______ of _______, C.S. Lewis opposed this view, declaring that one did not have to be a trained chef to be a discriminating gourmet. mimics . . life constructors . . rhyme critics . . verse

conservators . . aesthetics interpreters . . sensation

34. Paradoxically, altruism may in fact be _______ if it aids only one's c lose relatives.

stalwart beneficent rancorous selfish censorious

35. The discipline of sociology has finally achieved a degree of consensus: however _______ their indi-vidual interpretations and emphases might be, most sociologists now ________ a single broad conception of the field.

different . . share uncontroversial . . champion limited . . reject

divergent . . dispute concordant . . acknowledge

36. By forcing our surrender to the authority of the clock, systematic timekeeping has imposed a form of _______ on society.

anarchy permanence provincialism tyranny autonomy

37. The meeting seemed _______, not just because deci-sions were made with excessive deliberation, but also because the director was so ________ as to provoke extremely lengthy debate.

abbreviated . . distracted interminable . . tendentious methodical . . persuasive endless . . amenable overwhelming . . withdrawn

38. The reception given to Kimura's radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when _______ fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.

imitation reaction dogmatism invention caution

39. Although they were not direct _______, the new a arts of the Classical period were clearly created in the spirit of older Roman models and thus _______ many features of the older style.

impressions… introduced translations . . accentuated copies . . maintained masterpieces . . depicted borrowings . . improvised

40. Overall, the evidence was inconclusive as to whether the adjustment to the inflated estimates would __________their accuracy or instead________ the actual amount.

compromise . . magnify confirm . . validate d isprove . . pinpoint

verify . . distort improve . . understate

41. Perhaps there is a shortcoming in the script, but the film's poor reviews may also be a function of one or two _______ casting decisions in an otherwise _______ production.

fitting . . magnificent faulty . . solid deliberate . . cautious

has y . . mediocre confusing . . perplexing

42. As a means of _______ a tempestuous confrontation, the labor arbitrator advised the opposing parties to _______ their positions.

promoting . . qualify calming . . reinforce neglecting . clarity appraising . . soften defusing . . moderate

43. One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to reconstruct the_______ of complex ancient societies from meager and often _______ physical evidence.

riddles . . obsolete details . . irrefutable intricacies . . equivocal

patterns . . flawless configurations . . explicit

44. That she seemed to prefer _______ to concentrated effort is undeniable; nevertheless, the impressive quality of her finished paintings suggests that her actual relationship to her art was anything but _______.__ preparation . . passionate artfulness . . disengaged dabbling . . superficial caprice . . considered indecision . . lighthearted

45. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents _______.__

demur schism cooperation compliance shortsightedness 46. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are _______, social history always recounting the __________ and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.

predetermined . . bygone antithetical . . evanescent interdependent . . unnoticed irreconcilable . . unalterable indistinguishable . . transitory

47. Despite the fact that it is almost universally _______, the practice of indentured servitude still_______ in many parts of the world.

condemned . . abates tolerated . . survives proscribed . . persists mandated . . lingers disdained . . intervenes

48.Ironically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the

words, because it is the failure to recognize this_____ meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and

their attendant incongruity.

esoteric literal latent allusive symbolic

49. Having sufficient income of her own constituted for Alice _______ independence that made possible a degree of _______ in her emotional life as well.

a material . . security a profound . . conformity a financial . . economy

a psychological . . extravagance an unexpected . . uncertainty

50. The credibility of her _______ description of the conflicts experienced by many contemporary women in their everyday lives was undermined by her _______ conclusions.

even-handed . . partisan biased . . lopsided detailed . . careful

general . . far-reaching realistic . . valid

51. Her tone of voice _______ him: he could not tell whether she was being ________ or whether he was to take her comment literally.

offended . . genuine puzzled . . direct comforted . . kind

reassured . . condescending perplexed . . sarcastic

52. Mathematics consists of a group of languages that are more stable than any _______ language; mathematical symbols do not _______ their meanings as words do.

developed . . substitute written . . translate traditional . . require verbal . . change explicit . . conceal

53. While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not _______ such alternative treatments, _______ conventional medical treatments instead.

distrust . . employing embrace . . eschewing reject . . envisioning countenance . . relying on recommend . . turning from

54. From Neolithic pottery to twentieth-century posters, the extent and variety of the arts in China_______ those who search for continuity; nonetheless, certain __________values are reflected in China's artistic traditions.

confound . . enduring abet . . pervasive inform . . intangible entice . . diverse alienate . . distinctive

55. Paleontologists' assumptions about the equable nature of the climate on the primeval island of Pangaea are __________computer simulations indicating that the island's temperatures tended to _______ during the course of a year.

based on . . cool confirmed by . . vary challenged by . . stabilize bolstered by . . soar undermined by . . fluctuate

56. Whereas historians once maintained that science is ________ other enterprises, they have come to realize that science is actually_______ the values, social assumptions, and intellectual traditions of a particular historical period.

related to . . informed by ancillary to . . secondary to tantamount to . . equivalent to distinct from . . intertwined with dependent on . . influenced by

57. Chinese art has no _______ the powerfully explicit antiwar paintings of the West, but_______ subtlety and indirection to express political thought.

panacea for . . passes by diversion from . . defers to counterpart for . . relies on intimation of . . alludes to derivative of . . refrains from

58. Breakdowns in communication between intimates may occur because the _______ of the relationship, ironically, may________ openness.

depth . . necessitate closeness . . discourage reciprocity . . foster juxtaposition . . offset precariousness . . facilitate

59. Often the argument against philanthropy has the effect of_______ the character of philanthropists but not

necessarily _______ their work: they may have done good in spite of themselves.

describing . . explaining aggrandizing . . acknowledging emphasizing . . citing impugning . . discrediting obscuring . . attacking

60. The novelist devotes so much time to avid descriptions of his characters' clothes that the reader soon feels that such ________ concerns, although worthy of attention, have superseded any more directly literary aims.

didactic syntactical belletristic sartorial frivolous

61. Ecologists who believe that naturally occurring fires can o ten _______ an ecosystem are worried by calls for a policy of _______ all forest fires.

alter . . investigating damage . . fighting benefit . . suppressing unbalance . . extinguishing rejuvenate . . studying

62. Mathematicians have a distinctive sense of beau y: they strive to present their ideas and results in a clear and compelling fashion, dictated by __________ as well as by logic.

caprice aesthetics obligation methodologies intellect

63. Carruthers' latest literary criticism_______ her reputation for trenchant commentary; despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of _______. reinforces . . pronouncements belies . . platitudes prejudices . . insights advances . . aphorisms undermines . . judgments

64. The ________ of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies is one _______ of the illus ions built into games of chance in order to misguide players and take their money.

distortion . . outcome restriction . . result maintenance . . function

prediction . . accomplishment demonstration . . prerequisite

65. That the new group was unable to weather its first staff meeting without evidence of the same _______ that its creation was intended to abolish did not ________ future harmony among coworkers. cooperation . . ensure facade . . realize factions . . augur

diligence . . subdue ventures . . suggest

66. The prevailing union of passionate interest in detailed facts with equal devotion to abstract_______ is a hallmark of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, _______ and as if by chance. data . .extensively philosophy . .cyclically generalization . . sporadically evaluation . . opportunely intuition . . selectively

67. The author did not see the _______ inherent in her scathing criticism of writing style so similar to her own.

disinterest incongruity pessimism compliment symbolism

68. The author is _______ to identify any particular prin-ciple as fundamental, insisting instead that it is only when viewed within specific contexts that principles can be _______.__

reluctant . . modified unable . . relinquished loathe . . assessed

unlikely . . violated wrong . . justified

69. As _______ as she was to the widespread dissatisfaction with her performance on the job, it is no wonder that she greeted the news of her dismissal with _______.__

receptive . . disdain acquiescent . . temerity oblivious . . astonishment vulnerable . . uncertainty responsive . . apathy

70. The scientist found it puzzling that his rival's theory retained its_______ despite widespread suggestions that it was now _______.__

perspective . . dated currency . . moribund appeal . . accepted

complexity . . unfathomable credibility . . recognized

71. In keeping with the well-established custom that even the most favorable review should include some _______, the reviewer follows her _______ the book's prose with some objections to its implementations of theory.

equivocations . . quibbles with accolades . . attack on reservations . . praise of disparagements . . criticism of compliments . . consideration of

72. Even among those findings in the field of nuclear physics that have _______, many have been subject to repeated challenges on the basis of new evidence.

arisen survived declined been proposed been questioned

73. The economists were _______ to find that the theory that they had considered __________ crumbled when modern techniques for economic modeling made it possible to make new kinds of observation that contradicted its fundamental assumptions.

surprised . . problematic overjoyed . . useful stunned . . invulnerable disappointed . . faulty astonished . . suspect

74. One reason for the development of junior high schools in the United States was _______: these schools provided an efficient and inexpensive way to avoid overcrowding in the high schools.

inequality parity expediency ineptitude instability

75. Even though some of the variables identified in Chang's study of personality types are inherently _______, the application of that study's results predicts human behavior with considerable _______.__ reliable . . accuracy common . . universality nebulous . . specificity

abstruse . . error interesting . . sophistication

76. Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny _______ teach-ing in this area.

prevent defy replicate inform use

77. Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very recently, been regarded merely as ________ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.

a controversial a statistical an analytical an explicit an unimpeachable

78. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to_______ the world of achievement before reaching adulthood; happily, they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly.

ridicule conquer retire from antagonize examine

79. That many lawyers have acquired a reputation for________ even the most solemn and binding undertakings does not _______ discovery of attorneys devoted to both legal and ethical right.

enforcing . . promote articulating . . ensure repudiating . . permit disapproving . . produce subverting . . preclude

80. While some argue that imposing tolls on highway users circumvents the need to raise public t axes for road maintenance, the phenomenal expense of maintaining a vast network of roads __________ reliance on these general taxes.

avoids diminishes necessitates discourages ameliorates

81. The skeleton of ________ bird that was recently discovered indicated that this ancient creature________ today's birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head.

a primeval . . obscured a unique . . preempted a primitive . . anticipated

a contemporary . . foreshadowed an advanced . . differed from

82. According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolute ______, without any_______ law or principle, has declared war on justice.

respectability . . codification of supremacy . . suppression of autonomy . . accountability to

fairness . . deviation from responsibility . . prioritization of

83. The remark was only slightly _______, inviting a chuckle, perhaps, but certainly not a_______.__ audible . . reward hostile . . shrug amusing . . rebuke

coherent . . reaction humorous . . guffaw

84. Estimating the risks of radiation escaping from a nuclear power plant is _______ question, but one whose answer then becomes part of a value-laden, emotionally charged policy debate about whether to construct such a plant.

an incomprehensible an undefined an irresponsible a divisive a technical 85. Our highly _______ vocabulary for street crime contrasts sharply to our _______ vocabulary for corporate crime, a fact that corresponds to the general public's unawareness of the extent of corporate crime. nuanced . . subtle uninformative . . misleading euphemistic . . abstract differentiated . . limited technical . . jargon-laden

86. In modern English very few verb forms can be surely identified as subjunctives, and the use of those few is so irregular that_______ criteria for appropriate usage are hard to infer.

obscure irrelevant alternative definite independent

87. Professional photographers generally regard inadvertent surrealism in a photograph as a curse rather than

a blessing; magazine photographers, in particular, consider themselves _______ to the extent that they ca__________ its presence in their photographs.

skillful . . enhance inadequate . . eliminate original . . demonstrate fortunate . . minimize conventional . . highlight

88. Doors were closing on our past, and soon the values we had lived by would become so obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as _______ as travelers from an ancient land.

elegant ambitious interesting comfortable quaint

89. Mechanisms develop whereby every successful species can _______ its innate capacity for population growth with the constraints that arise through its interactions with the natural environment. enhance replace produce surpass reconcile

90. It was not the _______ of great wealth--jewels, limousines, palatial houses --that enticed him; rather, he was ________ by the illusion of complete freedom that unlimited financial resources created.

grandeur . . unconvinced responsibilities . . intimidated trappings . . seduced pageant . . appalled rewards . . distressed

91. Ability to _______ is the test of the perceptive historian; a history, after all, consists not only of what the historian has included, but also, in some sense, of what has been left out.

defer select confer devise reflect

92. Although the _______ of cases of measles has _______, _researchers fear that eradication of the disease, once believed to be imminent, may not come soon.

occurrence . . continued incidence . . declined prediction . . resumed

number . . increased study . . begun

93. Although it seems _______ that there would be a greater risk of serious automobile accidents in densely populated areas, such accidents are more likely to occur in sparsely populated regions. paradoxical axiomatic anomalous irrelevant portentous

94. Because art is a_______ form of human expression, the artist's approach to creation is_______ personal experience.

dispassionate . . influenced by typical . . detached from unique . . detrimental to subjective . . colored by figurative . . irrelevant to

95. When a person suddenly loses consciousness, a bystander is not expected to _______ the problem but to attempt to _______ its effects by starting vital functions if they are absent.

cure . . precipitate minimize . . predict determine . . detect

diagnose . . counter magnify . . evaluate

96. To label the 1950's in the United States a “golden age” is somewhat _______; general prosperity increased but the gains made by women in the workplace during the Second World War were _______.

nostalgic . . perpetuated facetious . . substantiated disingenuous . . modified misleading . . eroded hyperbolic . . distributed

97. Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county's solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily _______ incinerators, but because they are _______ to narrow their waste-disposal options.

disdain . . expecting favor . . inclined dote on . . eager

approve of . . loath deplore . . unwilling

98. It was lack of ecological awareness that initially allowed physicians to view the new “miracle-cure” antibiotics as a permanent _______ to bacterial infections rather than_______ victory over such diseases. alternative . . a major solution . . an interim reaction . . a strategic

answer . . a hard-won stimulus . . an ephemeral

99. The senator's attempt to convince the public that he is not interested in running for a second term is _______ given the extremely _______ fund-raising activities of his campaign committee.

futile .clandestine sincere . . visible specious . . apathetic disingenuous . . public straightforward . . dubious

100. The essays gathered in the volume are characterized by ________ that________ their disparate origins.

a standard . . undermines a permanence . . distorts a similarity . . reinforces a unity . . belies an incompatibility . . disguises

101. Though he refused any responsibility for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right t_______ himself: it was his__________ that had caused the debacle.

blame . . skill congratulate . . modes y berate . . largesse accuse . . obstinacy absolve . . acrimony

102. To this reviewer, Esterman's play was a thoroughly _______ exercise: both its laughter and its tears seemed equally _______.

plausible . . improbable trivial . . solemn sentimental . . understated artificial . . specious creative . . stilted

103. Although a change in management may appear to________ a shift in a company's fortunes, more often than not its impact is _______.__

hinder . . measurable promote . . demonstrable accelerate . . profound

betray . . fundamental augur . . inconsiderable

104. Journalists often described the incumbent senator as politically _______, despite the fact that his record had established him as a more_______ assessor of political possibilities and personalities than either of his opponents had shown themselves to be.

pragmatic . . efficient opportunistic . . seasoned naive . . shrewd

inept . . inexperienced astute . . reliable

105. During a period of protracted illness, people who are sick can become infirm, _______ both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed.

regaining denying pursuing insuring losing

106. For centuries animals have been used as __________for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.

benefactors companions examples precedents surrogates

107. Candidates who oppose the present state income tax must be able to propose ________ ways to __________ the financing of state operations.

intelligent . . initiate individual . . diversify innovative . . alleviate arbitrary . . maintain alternate . . continue

108. Social tensions among adult factions can be __________ by politics, but adolescents and children have no such_______ for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.

intensified . attitude complicated . . relief frustrated . . justification adjusted . . mechanism revealed . . opportunity

109. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way that the low heat used in pasteurization _______ the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk.

precludes initiates inhibits isolates purifies

110. In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity: it can be efficient only if it has been _______ without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.

conventionalized realized transmitted manipulated aggrandized

111. Kagan maintains that an infant's reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development, not harbingers of child- hood unhappiness or _______ signs of adolescent anxiety. prophetic normal monotonous virtual typical

112. Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because, although it _______ some problems, it also produced new ________._

clarified . . data eased . . interpretations resolved . . complications

caused . . hypotheses revealed . . inconsistencies

113. Marison was a scientist of unusual ________ and imagination who had startling success in_______ new and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.

restiveness . . acknowledging precision . . coordinating aggression . . resisting candor . . dispelling insight . . discerning

114. Documenting science's ________ philosophy would be ____,since it is almost axiomatic that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations.

distrust of . . elementary influence on . . superfluous relia nce on . . inappropriate dependence on . . difficult differences from . . impossible

115. Her ________ should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.

intemperance intolerance apprehension diffidence frugality

116. Although ancient tools were _______ preserved, enough have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally __________ progress through prehistory.

partially . . noticeable superficially . . necessary unwittingly . . documented rarely . . continual needlessly . . incessant

117. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so _______ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.

permanently imperceptibly irregularly precariously slightly

118. It is puzzling to observe that Jones's novel has recently been criticized for its________ str ucture, since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious_______ is its relentlessly rigid, indeed schematic, framework.

attention to . . preoccupation speculation about . . characteristic parody of . . disparity violation of . . contradiction lack of . . flaw

119. The spellings of many Old English words have been _______ in the living language, although their

pronunciations have changed.

preserved shortened preempted revised improved

120. In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears _______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not _______ creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible.

anomalous . . allow for abstract . . speak to anachronistic . . deny enduring . . value contradictory . . exclude

121. For some time now, _______ has been presumed not to exist: thc cynical conviction that everybody has an angle is considered wisdom.

rationality flexibility diffidence disinterestedness insincerity

122. Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the ramifications of the economic policy have been _______ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy's underlying assumptions.

supplemented undermined wasted diverted redeemed

123. The characterization of historical analysis as a form of fiction is not likely to be received_______ by either historians or literary critics, who agree that history and fiction deal wit__________ orders of experience.

quietly . . significant enthusiastically . . sting passively . . unusual sympathetically . . distinct contentiously . . realistic

124. The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, _______ between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are ________ to the maintenance of community.

a compromise . . inimical an interdependence . . subsidiary a counterpoint . . incidental an equivalence . . prerequisite a reciprocity . . conducive

125. An investigation that is_______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.

timely unguided consistent uncomplicated subjective

126. It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be _______.__

predictable unexpected admirable explicit confusing

127. In a _______ society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of _______ decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society.

bureaucratic . . edifying pragmatic . . hardheaded rational . . well-intentioned competitive . . evenhanded modern . . dysfunctional

128. During the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to widespread__________ it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose _______ was both imminent and welcome.

flight from . . restitution fascination with . . corruption rejection of . . vogue censure of . . dissolution relinquishment of . . ascent

129. The _______ of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; in turn, the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the_______ of popular literature. building . . mistrust reappearance . . display receipt . . source

selection . . influence emergence . . rise

130. The pressure of population on available resources is the key to understanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of ________ facts is_______ flawed.

demographic . . intrinsically ecological . . marginally cultural . . substantively psychological . . philosophically political . . demonstratively

131. Like many eighteenth-century scholars who lived by cultivating those in power, Winckelmann

neglected to neutralize, by some ________ gesture of comradeship, the resentment his peers were bound to feel because of his _______ the high and mighty.

quixotic . . intrigue with enigmatic . . familiarity with propitiatory . . involvement with salutary . . questioning of unfeigned . . sympathy for

132. During the opera's most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed _______, without necessary relation to what had gone before.

tedious melodious capricious compelling cautious

133. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly _______ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.

exploited quantifiable controversial inexhaustible remarkable 134. Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual, historians of th1960's portrayed him as __________thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censuring ideas he did not like.

an adventurous a doctrinaire an eclectic a judicious a cynical

135. Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are _______ would be expected to be very _______,but, surprisingly, they are not.

lethal . . rare untreated . . dangerous unusual . . refractory

new . . perplexing widespread . . acute

136. To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too _______:any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to _______ thought processes that did not originate with them.

popular . . dismiss methodical . . interpret idiosyncratic . . reenact

self-confident . . revitalize pragmatic . . discourage

137. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as _______.__

a paradigm a misnomer a profundity an inaccuracy an anomaly

138. Our biological uniqueness requires that the effects of a substance must be verified by ________ experiments, even after thousands of tests of the effects of that substance on animals.

controlled random replicated human evolutionary

139. For years manufacturers have tried to make chocolate synthetically, wit_______ success, because chocolate contains hundreds of substances and no one knows which are responsible for its _______ flavor. commercial . . special average . . true little . . distinctive

meager . . artificial considerable . . specific

140. Mathematics consists of a group of languages that are more stable than any _______ language; mathematical symbols do not _______ their meanings as words do.

developed . . substitute written . . translate traditional . . require

verbal . . change explicit . . conceal

141. While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not _______ such alternative treatments, _______ conventional medical treatments instead.

distrust . . employing embrace . . eschewing reject . . envisioning countenance . . relying on recommend . . turning from

142. From Neolithic pottery to twentieth-century posters, the extent and variety of the arts in China_______ those who search for continuity; nonetheless, certain __________values are reflected in China's artistic traditions.

confound . . enduring abet . . pervasive inform . . intangible

entice . . diverse alienate . . distinctive

143. Paleontologists' assumptions about the equable nature of the climate on the primeval island of Pangaea are __________computer simulations indicating that the island's temperatures tended to _______ during the course of a year.

based on . . cool confirmed by . . vary challenged by . . stabilize

bolstered by . . soar undermined by . . fluctuate

144. Whereas historians once maintained that science is ________ other enterprises, they have come to realize that science is actually_______ the values, social assumptions, and intellectual traditions of a particular historical period.

related to . . informed by ancillary to . . secondary to tantamount to . . equivalent to distinct from . . intertwined with dependent on . . influenced by

145. Before the Second World War, academics still ques-tioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly _______ a________ literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.

symbolized . . local constituted . . national defined . . historical outlined . . good captured . . meaningful

146. In today's world, manufacturers' innovations are easily copied and thus differences between products are usually ________; advertisers, therefore, are forced to _______ these differences in order to suggest the uniqueness of their clients' products.

crucial . . downplay minimal . . reduce slight . . exaggerate

common . . emphasize intrinsic . . create

147. The critics' evident_______ the new production was somewhat _______ by their high regard for the playwright's previous work.

admiration for . .offset curiosity about . . dampened hostility toward . . tempered disappointment in . . disguised awareness of . . frustrated

148. There is hardly a generalization that can be made about people's social behavior and the val ues informing it that cannot be _______ from one or another point of view, or even ________ as simplistic or vapid.

accepted . . praised intuited . . exposed harangued . . retracted defended . . glorified challenged . . dismissed

149. What these people were waiting for would not have been apparent to others and was perhaps not very _______ their own minds.

obscure to intimate to illusory to

difficult for definite in

150. Today water is more _______ in landscape architecture than ever before, because technological advances have made it easy, in some instances even _______, to install water features in public places. conspicuous . . prohibitive sporadic . . effortless indispensable . . intricate ubiquitous . . obligatory controversial . . unnecessary

Answer:

C D A B E C B E E A B A E C E B C B E A C E E C C C C D A B C B C D A

D B D C

E B E C C B B C B A A E D D A E D C B D D C B B C C C B C C B

C B C C C

D B C

E C C C E E D D D E E C B B B D D D D B D D E D E C E

E E D C C A C E B E D B E A A D B D E B B B D E A C C D B A C E D C D

D A

E D B C C E E D