主从复合句 完整版
主从复合句
一宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用，它可以用作动词的宾语，也可以做动词的宾语，也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词（如：sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied等）的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。
他想他过几天就会好了。
I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days.
你知道他们在等谁吗？
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
他问那是谁的字典。
He asked whose dictionary it was.
注意老师说的话。
Pay attention to what the teacher said.
1.宾语从句在句中的位置
（1）作宾语的从句。如：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。
（2）作介词的宾语。如：
Our success depends upon/on how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。
She is worried about whether her mother can come on time.
她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。
（3）作形容词的宾语。
I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。
类似的形容词还有：anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。
（4）it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中，如：
他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
注意：有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语，这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。
2.宾语从句的引导词
（1）当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时，由that 引导，这时that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。如：
I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。
He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。
I don’t believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。
（2）当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换而来时，由whether, if引导，表示“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等。如：
He asked if/whether she would come.他问她是否要来。
I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他来还是不来。
They are talking about whether he will win the game.
他们在谈论他是否能赢得比赛。
学会学习
以下情况中只能用whether，不能用if：
1.后面带to的动词不定式。如：
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.她还没决定是否去。
2.介词后。如：
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。
3.与or not连用时。如：
I can’t say whether or not he will help us.他是否来帮我们，我说不准。
4.宾语从句提前。如：
Whether this is true or not, I don’t know.我不知道这是不是真的。
5.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句。如：
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting the next week.我们讨论了下周是否举行运动会。
（3）如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的，要用wh-疑问词来引导，意义即为疑问句本身的含义。如：
告诉我你想要什么。
Tell me what you want.
你可以问问他什么时候来。
You may ask him when he comes.
你知道他将会邀请谁吗？
Do you know whom (who) he will invite?
注意：如果从句的引导词所代替的名词是宾语，应用宾格whom，但在口语中也常用who。
3.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，尤其要注意whether, if 和wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序，即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。如：
She wants to know whether I like the film.她想知道我是否喜欢那部电影。
The teacher asked me if I could finish the task on time.
老师问我是否能按时完成任务。
4.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态必须与主句呼应。
（1）当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态。如：
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她会在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来都没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时）
（2）当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种状态（如过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时）。如：
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时）
（3）当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾阳从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如：
She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her,她说她父亲比她大28岁。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
5.宾语从句的否定前移
I/We think/believe/imagine/suppose/expect/guess/consider（我/我们认为/想）等后跟宾语从句时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中来。如：
我认为没有人能做到。
I don’t think anyone will be able to do that.
我们不认为他能来。
We don’t believe ha can come.
学会学习
当宾语从句的否定转移时，其反意疑问句中的简略问句部分与从句的主谓一致。
I don’t believe that’s his fault, is it? 我认为这不是他的错，是不是？
We don’t think he can lose, can he? 我们认为他不会输，是不是？
宾语从句的用法口诀
宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。
主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。
宾从表达是真理，一般现在代过去。
引导词也不难，陈述要用that连。
一般问句表“是否”，if或whether来引导。
特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行。
还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。
二．状语从句
用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句同状语一样，在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等，其功能与副词非常相近。
从句根据其在句中表达的不同功能，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。引导时间状语从句的连接词：when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever等。
1.时间状语从句
（1）when(当……时)引导的时间状语从句
①when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可以引导一个短暂性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
I was thin when I am a child. 我小时候，长得很瘦。
The film had been on when we arrived. 当我们到达时，电影已经开演了。
②when引导时间状语从句时，如果主从句主语相同，从句有be动词，则从句可
省略主语和be动词。如：
When (he was) an young man, he was fond of hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。
③when在“be about to do…when…”，“be doing when…”，“had done… when…”，“be on one’s way…when…”，“be on the point of doing…when…”等结构中，作“在那时”讲，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。如：The telephone was ringing when I got home.当我到家时，电话铃正响着。
（2）while（当……时）引导的时间状语从句
while引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调某一时间段内，。主从句动作同时发生。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.
当我做作业时，妈妈在做饭。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
当别人工作时，请不要大声说话。
学会学习
While除了可用作从属连词外，还可用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。
I like watching TV while he likes reading.我喜欢看电影而他喜欢读书。
（3）as(当……时)引导的时间状语从句
①as引导时间状语从句时，情调并行发生，不分先后。如：
As I left the house, I forgot to take the key.我离开家时，忘了带钥匙。
②as还可以说明两种正发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观了。
③as常用作“一边……一边……”。如：
I hurried home, looking behind as I was walking.我匆忙地回家，，边走边回头看。Jim sings as he woks. 吉姆一边工作，一边唱歌。
④强调两个动作紧接着发生。
As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候，开始下雨了。
⑤as有时引导一个名词，这时它相当于一个时间状语从句。如：
As a boy (when he was boy), he felt hopeless at maths.当他还是孩子时，就对数学失去了希望。
（4）before（在……前）和after（在……后）引导的时间状语从句
①before引导的时间状语从句，不用否定式谓语。如：
Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.
在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。
②当before引导的从句位于主句之后时，可译成“……（之后）才”，如果主句中用一般将来时，before从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
It will be long before we meet again.我们要过好久才能再见面。
It will be half a year before I come back.要过半年后我才会回来。
③after引导额时间状语从句，意思是“在……之后”。如：
After he got the degree, he went to the USA.他得到学位后就去了美国。
（5）until和till引导的时间状语从句
until和till都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首，也不用于强调句。
①“延续性动词（肯定式）+until”表示“动作延续到……为止”，译为：“直到……为止”。如：
You may stay here until the rain stops. 你可以在这里待到雨停。
I waited until ( it was) ten o’clock.我一直等到10点钟。
②“非延续性动词/延续性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到……才”。如：
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到完成工作才睡觉。
We didn’t reach the village until it was dark.我们直到天黑才到达那个村庄。
（6）since引导的时间状语从句，意味“自从……”，主句要用完成时态，但时间的计算方式略有不同。
①since后如果是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。如：
Mr. Wang has been here since I came here.自从我来以后，王先生就一直在这儿。
I have written home but once since I come here.自我到这儿以来，我就只给家里写了一封信。
②since后如果是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从动作结束时算起。如：She hasn’t been back at school since she was ill.自从她生病后一直没到学校。
I haven’t heard from him since he left here.自从他搬走之后，我就没有收到过他的来信。
③有时时间的起点要从该动作发生时或状态开始时算起，要根据句子的意思来考虑。如：
I’ve known Mr. Jim since I was a boy.我小的时候就认识吉姆先生了。
④在句型中，时间一律以since从句的动作完成时算起。如：
It’s two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。
It was several years since I had known him.我认识他好几年了。
（7）as soon as, once引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作就随即发生，常译作“一……就……”，这类从句中，经常是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般在时表示即将发生的动作。如：
As soon as she arrives, I’ll tell her.她一到，我就告诉她。
Once you study hard, you’ll pass the exam.你一旦努力学习，就会通过考试。
学会学习
“no sooner…than”，“hardly…when”引导的实际状语从句表示“刚……就……”。当这些结构置于句首时，主句动作先发生，用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，主句常用倒装语序，把助动词had放在主语后面。如：
No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他刚到家，就开始下雨了。
No sooner只能和than连用，而hardly只能和when连用，不可混淆。
（8）whenever=no matter when(无论何时)引导的时间状语从句。
Whenever he comes here, we’ll wait for him.无论他何时来，我们都等他。
2.地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where（在那儿），wherever（无论在哪里）引导。
We must camp where we get water.我们必须在能够找到水的地方露营。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
无论你到何处他都要跟着你。
He will follow you wherever you go.
3.原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, since, as , for等。
（1）because因为用来回答why的提问，表示的原因语气最强。如：
I do it because I want to d it.我做这件事情是因为我想做。
（2）since引导的从句的语气次于because从句，常表示稍加分析后推断出来的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式，一般译为“既然，鉴于”，常置于句首。如：
since I must die I must do it.既然我一定要死，那我一定要这样做。
Since no one against it, let’s carry out the plan.既然没有人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧。
（3）as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果瓴附带说明，一般放在句首，意思是“由于，因”。如：
As he didn’t know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “cute”.他对英语懂得不多，所以拿出字典查找“cute”这个词。
As she wasn’t ready on time, we went without her,由于她没有及时准备好，我们没等她就走了。
（4）for可表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。如：
the little boy couldn’t see anything for he wad blind.
= Being blind, the little boy couldn’t see anything.那个小男孩瞎了，什么东西也看不见。
4.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的词组有so that(为了，以便)，in order that (以便，这样……就)等，谓语含may, might, can could, will would等情态动词。
她努力学习，以便成功。
She studied hard so that (in order that) she might succeed.
学会学习
当从句与主句主语一致时，可与so as to, in order to相互替换。如：
He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten o’clock.
= He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten o’clock.
他跑得很快以便于在10点之前到达那里。
He worked night and day in order that he could succeed.
=He worked night and day in order to succeed.
为了成功，他日夜都在工作。
5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的词组主要有so..that…(如此……以至于)，such…that…（如此以至于）。
He is such a nice boy that we all like him.他是一个如此好的男孩，我们都喜欢他。Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to be with her.凯西很可爱，我们都喜欢和她在一起。
学会学习so…that…和such…that的区别
so为副词，修饰动词，副词或形容词，不能修饰名词；such是形容词，修饰名词。
1.so+adj./adv.+that从句。
2.so+adj./adv.+冠词+名词单数+that从句。
3.so+many/few/much/little(多/少)+n.+that从句。
4.such+冠词+adj.+名词单数+that从句。
这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
她如此美丽，我们都喜欢她。
She is so beautiful a girl that all of us like her.
没有水了，所以你不能喝了。
There is so little water that you can’t drink.
她是一个如此好心的女孩，因此她会帮助你。
She is such a good girl that she can help you.
6. 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词或词组常见的有if(如果，假设)，unless（除非，如果不），so long as（只要）。如：
You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你将不能通过考试。
I will go there so long as he invites me. 只要他邀请，我就去。
学会学习
1.“祈使句+and/or”引导的结果状语从句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。Hurry up, or else/otherwise you’ll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到。
Use your hand, and you’ll find a way out. 动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
2.同时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句如果表示将来时间，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
I will go if you go. 如果你去，我就去。
I won’t wait for him unless he rings tomorrow.
除非他明天给我打电话，否则我不会等他。
3.如果从句由if引导，又有连系动词be，条件状语从句可用省略形式。如：Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。
If so, you must go back and get it. 如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
I’ll buy a TV set if necessary. 如果有必要，我就买一台电视机。
7. 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的词或词组主要有as(像……意义，依照)，as if/as though（好像，宛如）。
Do as you like.你喜欢怎么做就怎么做。
He spoke as if he had been there before. 他说起话来，像是曾经到过那里似的。8.让步状语从句
（1）让步状语从句由连词though, although, as（虽然，尽管）, even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who
(what, which, when, where, how)等引导。
（2）though, although 这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者比较正式，常位于句首。如：
Though/Although he was worn out, he kept on working.
尽管已筋疲力尽，他仍然继续工作。
Although the TV set is very clear, I still bought it.
尽管这台电视非常贵，我仍然买来了。
（3）even if, even though这两个复合连词意义相同，常用以强调让步概念，会有退一步想的意思。如：
We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气很糟糕，我们也要去旅行。
Even if I were in your place, I wouldn’t take the job.
即使我在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
（4）“whether…or…”可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你信不信，这都是真的。
（5）“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句，“疑问词+ever”相当于“no matter+疑问词”。如：
Whichever/No matter which book you borrow, you must return it in a week.
你无论借哪本书，都必须一周内归还。
Whenever/No matter when you come back, don’t wake me up.
不管你什么时候回来，都不要吵醒我。
“no matter+疑问词”与“wh-+ever”;
no matter whom=whomever
no matter who=whoever
no matter what=whatever
no matter which=whichever
no matter where=wherever
no matter how=however
no matter when=whenever
（6）让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
No matter who he is, he will be punished. 不论是谁，都将受到惩罚。
（7）用了引导让步状语从句的从属连词后，不能同时用并列连词but,但可用still,yet等副词来加强语气。
Though she was tired, yet/still she went on working. 她虽然疲惫，但仍继续工作。
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用的从属连词为as…as(和……一样)，not as/so…as(和……不一样)，than(比)，the more…the more…(越……越……)，而且这类从句通常以省略形式出现。如：
He is as tall as I.他和我一样高。
She studied harder than I (study).她学习比我努力。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.越忙他就觉得越高兴。
三、定语从句。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。从句放在所修饰词(即先行词)之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。
如：
The story (that) 有read is The Rescue. 你读的故事是《营救》。
He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后的人笑得最好。
引导定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语之间起连接作用，同时充当定语的一个成分。当先行词指人时用who,whom; 当先行词指物时用which; whose 是who和which的所有格形式，表示“.......的”；that 既可指人，也可指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。如何使用关系代词和关系副词是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。如：
My younger brother who lives in New York has six children. (限制性定语从句) 我住在纽约的那个弟弟有六个孩子。(可能还有其他弟弟)
My younger brother, who lives in New york, has six children. (非限制性定语从句) 我弟弟有六个孩子，他住在纽约。(只有这一个弟弟)
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)当先行词指人时使用who和whom。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；who在定语从句中作宾语，在现代英语中，who也可代替whom在句中作动词的宾语。作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。如：
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。(作主语)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is Li Ming’s younger brother. 昨天我们碰到的那个男孩是李明的弟弟。(作宾语)
(2)当先行词指物时,用which。在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
They planted the trees which don’t need much water.
他们种的那些树不需要浇太多的水。(作主语)
The fish (which) we bought were not fresh,
我们买的鱼都不太新鲜了。(作宾语)
(3)whose引导的定语从句，先行词可以是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语。如：
Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
史密斯小姐便是上周房子着火的那位教师。(作定语)
Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
哈利这个男孩的母亲是我们的数学老师。
(4)that 先行词既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。(作主语)
The nooddles (that) I cooked were delicious.
我做的那些面条好吃极了。(作宾语)
学会学习
1、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
(1)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。如：
The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. 与你谈话的那名运动员是一位著名的跑步健将。
The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 刚刚与你谈话的人是李先生。(2)含有介词的短语一般不拆开, 介词仍放在动词的后面。如:
Is this the watch which he is looking for? 这是他正在寻找的那块表吗？
The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 护士们正在照料的那位老人现在身体已经非常好了。
(3)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如：
The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。如：The boss in whose company my father works is a very kind person. 我父亲工作的那个公司的老板是一个非常和善的人。
2、只用that作关系代词的场合
(1)被修饰的先行词为不定代词all, much, everything, nothing, none, the one, something, anything等时，只用that。如：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 有什么我可以为你做的吗？
(2)先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只用that。如：
The ony thing that I want to do is to have a rest. 我唯一想做的事情就是休息一会儿。
(3)先行词是由序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用that。如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一位通过考试的人。
(4)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用that。如：
This is the best way that can solve the problem. 这是能够解决问题的最好办法。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。如：
The film star and her film that you have just talked about is really well-known. 你刚刚谈到的那位电影明星和她的影片确实非常有名。
(6)被修饰词为名词时，只用that。如：
He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are playing in the garden.
他昨天带回来两只猫，现在我能看到它们在花园里玩耍。
(7)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个则用that以避免重复。如：He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 他建造了一个工厂，并生产出了一些我们以前没有见过的东西。
(8)主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. 桌子上的那本书是弗兰克的。
3、只用which作关系代词的场合
(1)当关系代词前有介词是，只用which。如：
This is the house of which the windows face south. 这是那间窗户朝南的房子。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句的which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使得我们很开心。
I said nothing, which made him very angry. 我什么也没说，这使他非常生气。
(3)先行词为that, those时，引导词用which。如：
What’s that which was put in the car? 放在车子里的是什么东西？
(4)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 让我给你看看那本我刚刚从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
4、通常要用who代表人作关系代词的场合
(1)当先行词是one, ones, anyone或those时，只用who。如：
Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做，一定是疯了。
Those who dare to break the law will be punished. 那些不遵守法律的人将会受到惩罚。
(2)用在there be 结构中，先行词指人时，只用who。如：
There is a young man who wants to see you. 有一个年轻人想要见你。
(3)当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时，只用who。如：
I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. 昨天我在公园见到一个朋友，他在亚运会上得了三块金牌。
(4)为了避免重复或者引起歧义，当句子中有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用who。如：
The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。
(5)当先行词是I, you, he, they等时(常用于谚语之中)，只用who。如：
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词有why, when, where在定语从句中代替先行词，作状语，不可省略，有时也可用“介词+which”代替。
(1)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：
I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing. 我仍旧记得我第一次来北京的那一天。
We’ll never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm. 我们永远也忘
不了在农场劳动时的那段快乐时光。
(2)where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。如：
This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年住过的那间房子。
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父母工作的那家工厂在城市的西部。
(3)why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：
There are several reasons why we can’t do that. 有几个原因使我们不能那样做。
He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school. 他不能给老师一个很好的迟到的理由。
3、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如：
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了她两周前丢失的项链。
How do you apologize to your friend whose bike you lost? 你该怎么样向你弄丢了人家自行车的那位朋友道歉？
The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 事故发生的那一天我丢失了我的工作。
(2)非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。如：
Helen, who was siting on my left, said that this meal was the best she had ever had. 海伦坐在我的左边，说这事她吃过的最好的一顿饭。
Lijiang, where I was born, is very beautiful. 我出生在丽江，那是个非常美丽的地方。
4、定语从句的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是个句子时，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：The recorder that has been given to me is home-made. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。
I, who am your classmate, will share the work with you. 我是你的同学，将和你一起工作。
(2)“one of + 复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前the(only), the (very) 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：He is one of the students who have made great progress. 他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
Mr. Wang is the (only) one of my friends who has invited to have dinner with us. 王先生是唯一被邀请来和我们共进晚餐的。
典题讲堂
( )1. --Will you go to the concert after school?
--If Jenny ________ to the concert, I’ll go, too.
A.go
B.goes
C.to go
D.will go
[点拨]考查条件状语从句。If引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，
从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语Jenny为名词单数，谓语动
词用第三人称单数。因此答案选B。
( )2.I still remember the park _______ we first met.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.when
[点拨]考查定语从句。先行词park表示地点，应世勇关系副词where。
因此答案选C。
( )3.No conclusion _______ before we complete this test.
A.is made
B.will be made
C.has made
[点拨] 考查时间状语从句和语态。主句用一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来；主句的主语no conclusion 与谓语动词make 为动宾关系，应使用被动语态。因此答案选B。
( )4.Do you know the girl ______ is singing in the classroom?
A.who
B.which
C.when
[点拨]考查定语从句。先行词girl指“人”，关系代词应使用who。因此答
案选A。
( )5.--I’m not sure _______ there are living things on other planets or not.
--Even scientist aren’t sure about it.
A.whether
B.where
C.why
[点拨]考查宾语从句。Whether, where, why均可引导宾语从句，whether 意为“是否”，可与or not 连用；where表示地点；why表示原因。因此答案选A。
( )6.There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip.
A.who
B.that
C.whom
D.whose
[点拨]考查定语从句。先行词things表“物”，应使用关系代词that，其他三个选项都指人。因此答案选B。
( )7.______ it’s difficult to make her dream come true, she never gives up.
A.Though
B.Unless
C.Because
D.If
[点拨]考查状语从句。上下句为转折关系，用though 引导的让步状语从句。其他三个选项unless和if引导条件状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，与题意不符。因此答案选A。
( )8.--Could you tell me when Mr. Li _______ in Huanggang?
--Sure. When he _______, I’ll call you.
A.arrives; will arrive
B.will arrive;arrives
C.arrives; arrives
D.will arrive; will arrive
[点拨]考查宾语从句和状语从句。第一句为宾语从句，根据句意就使用一般将来时；第二句为时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。因此答案选B。
( )9.--Sally, what’s wrong with your computer?
--I don’t know ______. Maybe I need to get someone to check it.
A.what’s wrong
B.what was wrong
C.what wrong is
[点拨]考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，what在从句中作主语；再根据“Maybe I need to get someone to che ck it.(也许我需要找人检查一下电脑。)”可知电脑是现在出问题了，应使用一般现在时。因此答案选A。
( )10.Barack Obama is the U.S. president ___ speeches are really exciting.
A.whose
B.who
C.his
[点拨]考查定语从句。先行词president 指人；关系代词作定语，修饰名词speeches, 只有whose 符合题意。因此答案选A。
实战演练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
( )1.--Hurry up. The bus is coming.
--Oh, no. We mustn’t cross the street _____ the traffic lights are green.
A.after
B.since
C.while
D.until
( )2.--Could you tell me ______ at the meeting?
--Sorry, I don’t know. I didn’t go to the meeting that day.
A.what does he say
B.what he says
C.what he said
D.what did he say
( )3.This is one of the best books ______ I have ever read.
A.which
B.that
C.of which
D.what did he say ( )4.--Could you show me ______ I can use the MP4, please?
--Of course.
A.that
B.how
C.whether
D.if
( )5.--What were you doing ______ Zhang Fan came in?
--I was watching TV.
A.when
B.while
C.where
D.as
( )6.--Do you still remember the day ______ we first met?
--Yes, of course.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.as
( )7.I prefer skiing to swimming because I think swimming is ___ skiing.
A.not as exciting as
B.not more exciting as
C.as exciting as
D.more exciting than
( )8.--Do you know ______ over there?
--Oh, let’s go and have a look.
A.what happens
B.what was happened
C.what is happening
D.what did happen
( )9.--The duty of Project Hope is to help p oor children, isn’t it?
--Yes, it has built many schools __ those children can study happily.
A.when
B.which
C.how
D.where
( )10.He got up early ______ he could catch the early train.
A.in order to
B.because
C.so that
D.such that
Ⅱ.句型转换。
1.The music was beautiful. I lost my self in it. (用such ... that ... 改写句子)
It was ________ ________ _________ _________ I lost myself in it.
2.It was so cold that the soldiers couldn’t stand outside the house. (同义句转换)
It was _______ cold ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ outside the house.
3.Do you live near buildings? The color of the building is yellow. (连成一句)
Do you live near the building ________ __________ is yellow?
4.“Light travels much faster than sound.”said the man. (改为宾语从句)
The man said that ________ ________ much faster than sound.
5.He asked, “Are you going to play basketball, Mary?”(改为宾语从句)
He asked Mary ________ _________ _________ __________ _________
basketball.
6.If it doesn’t ra in tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. (同义句转换)
We will go to the zoo ________ __________ __________ tomorrow.
7.It was very cold. She went out without a coat. (连成一句)
_________ __________ ___________ very cold, she went out without a coat. 8.Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures. The pictures were draw by a famous person. (连成一句)
Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures ________ ________ _________ by a famous person.
9.He can’t drive a car. I think. (连成一句)
I ________ _________ __________ __________ drive a car.
10.Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam. (改为条件状语从句)
________ ________ __________ study hard, you’ll fail the exam.
练习答案:
I 单项选择
DCBBABACDC
II 句型转换
1.such beautiful music that
2.too; for the soldiers to stand
3.whose color
4.light travels
5.if/whether she was going to
6.unless it rains
7.Though it was
8. which/that were drawn 9.don't think he can
10.If you don't
主从复合句
主从复合句 一基础理论： 1. 英语表达的五个层次 字母—单词—句子—段落—文章 2. 词的分类： 名词系统：名词；代词；冠词；形容词；数词 动词系统：动词；介词；副词 连词系统 3. 不同词性的词按照一定的顺序形成句子，同一个词由于在句子中位置不同所起的作用也不同；词在句子中所起的作用有：主；谓；宾；定；状；补；表 4. 句子是表达独立、完整意思的单位。 五种简单句结构。 ①主系表 ②主不及物动词 ③主谓宾 ④主谓双宾 ⑤主谓宾宾补 5. 并列句：通过and , but, or 并列连词连结的两个或多个简单句。 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 6. 主从复合句：通过从属连词连结的，有主句和从句的合成结构。 二主从复合句的四项基本原则： 1. 主句符合五种简单句结构。 The day we had looked forward to ____at last. A coming B came C come D comes In the evening school where I study computer ____. A is there B has many people C is well taught D is nice 2. 从句也符合五种简单句结构。 ①From the first time I flew a flat paper kite as a child, I was always wondering____. A how made it fly B how it made fly C what it made fly D what made it fly ②The factory___ produces steel is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where ③The factory___ Tom works is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where 3. 如何识别主句和从句？只识别从句，另一句就是主句。 如何识别从句？通过从属连词加以识别。 ①从属连词属于从句，且位于从句的句首； The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ___best in its climate and soil. A it grows B what grows C does it grow D what does it grow It was an agreement___ could not be changed’ A of which details B whose the details C the details of which D all whose details ②从属连词在从句中既可以不承担具体功能，仅起识别的标志作用，但它同时破坏了原来
中考英语主从复合句考点总结(最新整理)
简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She gave us a lot of advice, Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, helped us to overcome difficulties. at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet 等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2)引导一般疑问句用if 或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3.宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
主从复合句-完整版
主从复合句 一宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用，它可以用作动词的宾语，也可以做动词的宾语，也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词（如：sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等）的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。 他想他过几天就会好了。 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days. 你知道他们在等谁吗 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for 他问那是谁的字典。 He asked whose dictionary it was. 注意老师说的话。 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 1.宾语从句在句中的位置 （1）作宾语的从句。如： I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。 （2）作介词的宾语。如： Our success depends upon/on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。 She is worried about whether her mother can come on time. 她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。 （3）作形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。 类似的形容词还有：anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。 （4）it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中，如： 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 注意：有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语，这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。 2.宾语从句的引导词 （1）当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时，由that 引导，这时that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。如： I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。 He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。 I don’t believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。
简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive
将下列带定语从句的主从复合句变为简单句
将下列带定语从句的主从复合句变为简单句： 1.The young woman who works in his office used to be a housewife. 2.The boat suddenly struck a rock that was covered by mud and sand. 3.John was always the last student that left the classroom after school. 4.If only I had two lives that I could lay down for my dear motherland！ 5.He made his way through the people who were curious to see the murderer. 6.We badly need some people who are able to do the job successfully. 7.I met a strange old woman who carried a big umbrella in her hand. 8.The policeman examined the chair which stood against the wall. 9.I once visited the house where the president once lived and worked for four years. 10.I have never been to the village where my grandparents once lived 11.They often think of the days when they lived happily together on the island. 12.Spring is the season when t he parks are always full of happy children 13.The reason is his own affair. Why will he stay in the country for more days ? 14.Can you give us one good reason ? Why should you give up studying music ?
并列复合句与主从复合句
并列复合句与主从复合句 一、并列复合句“二步”学习法 并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。 试比较： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句） 二、掌握并列复合句的连词 并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。 1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为 并列复合句。 2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等
三、主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-----名词性从句。 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 第一步、掌握复合句的结构 以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构： 说明： 主句：_________________ 从句：﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： ①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍谓_________________ Who are the winners hasn’t been announced . ②It谓_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ It hasn’t been announced who are the winners . 主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构①），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构②），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构② 这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： ①It is ＋ n. ＋ that … ②It is ＋ adj. ＋that… ③It is ＋过去分词＋从句
简单句并列句和复合句包括五大句型
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
山东专升本英语主从复合句总复习
【专题】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从） 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别； 2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句； 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型； 4.till和until的用法； 5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法； 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别； 7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法； 8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法； 9. in case引导的状语从句； 10.where引导的状语从句； 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 名词从句 1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别； 2.名词从句的语序和时态； 3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况； 4.宾语从句的否定转移； 5.whether和if的用法区别； 6.what在名词性从句中的使用； 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用； 8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别； 9.连接词that的省略； 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别； 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别； 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查； 5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别； 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查； 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略； 8.含有插入语的定语从句； 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 【知识点归纳】 I.句子的种类 复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。 按用途分
英语主从复合句大全
主从复合句 主句是主体，从句只是句子的一个成分，换言之，将句子（除谓语外）的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类： 疑问代词：who（whom/whose）， which, what, 关系代词：who（whom/whose）， which, that, 疑问副词：when, where, why, how 关系副词：when, where, why 从属连词：that (无词义)， whether, if, although, after because, before, when, since， as soon as, as long as 只有从属连词没有句子功用，即不担任句子成分。 从句分为五类： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号，所用关联词相同：1,连词that/whether/if 2, 疑问代词who/what/which 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why（引导间接疑问句） 定语从句 状语从句 一．主语从句subject clause，也可分为三种：that引导的主从 / 由连接代副词引导的主从 / what 和whoever等引导的主从。 1由that引导的主从，用得最多。(that 后面是主语) “That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。 上面句子看着别扭陌生，换成it引导的句子就熟悉了，因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替，有五种形式：
（1）+ that 、、、 It is natural that they should have different views. （2）、、、 It’s a wonder that you are still alive. （3）宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、 It seems that you’re right. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我从未想到或许她是在说谎 （4）、、、 It was rumored （It is said） that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。 （5）、、、 No, no, it couldn’t be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略： It was clear(that) his words pleased her. 显然他的话使她高兴。 When he’ll be back depends much on the weather. Who is to be sent there ha sn’t been decided. It’s clear enough what he meant. 两种结构都能用，但是it结构更多，有四种形式。 It was not clear to me why he behaved like tha t. 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。 It’s a puzzle how life began. 生命如何开始是一个谜
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
高中英语语法难点并列句和主从复合句.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
英语主从复合句
第一部分导论 从句的种类繁多。根据对各类试卷进行综合分析，不外乎由三大类组成：一是名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、介词宾语从句、以及同位语从句；二是定语从句，包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、割裂式定语从句、搭配式定语从句；三是状语从句，包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句以及伴随情况状语从句。 一、名词性从句 (一)主语从句 1. It has been pointed out __ their suggestions are reasonable to a certain dear A. whether B. that C. what D. why 选B. that 作引导词,引出主语从句,it形式主语. 2.__ get rid of the force of friction is still a hard nut to us. A. How can we B. How we can C. Why should we D. Why we should 选B.表示"我们该如何克服这种摩擦力仍然是个棘手的问题. 3.__ men have learned much from heavier of animals is not new at all. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 选B,句中的much是宾语,所以不能选A 4. How did it come about __ you made a lot of mistakes in your home wonk? A. whether B. what C. why D. that 选D,这里it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主主从句. 5. __you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. That B. Which C. It D. What 选D, what引导主语从句;同时,在从句中作about的宾语. (二) 表语从句 1. The reason for his success is __he worked harder than you.
主从复合句--表语从句
主从复合句--表语从句 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. 一、表语从句的定义：表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 二、表语从句的构成：关联词+简单句 三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. because, why引导的表语从句 That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。 (That's because...强调原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why...强调结果) what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that 引导，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那 就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 5. 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出 发。 四、应注意的问题： 1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。 It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因为他没有通过考试。 It seems（that）he was late for the train. 看来他没搭上火车。
英语学习(主从复合句)
高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句（附练习题）
复合句 由一个主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成 的句子叫复合句。在复 合句中主句是全句的 主体，从句是全句的一 个成分，不能独立。 从句有： 名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语 从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 （详细请看以下内容） II.状语从句 状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以 及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。 1.时间状语从句 由下列连词引导：when，while，as，before，after，once，till，until，since，as soon as，now that，hardly…when， scarcely…when，no sooner…than，有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly，instantly，immediately，by the time，the moment，the second，the minute，the instant，every time，each time，next time，the last time等 重点内容如下： ①when，while，as引导的时间状语从句 ▲as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.（同时） The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）▲when（at or during the time that ）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点） When we were at school， we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内） When we arrived there，the film had already begun.（先后发生） ▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”） ②before状语从句的重点句型 ▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .