动物科学系专业毕业论文
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Feeding and management of nursing piglets
系（部）
专业名称
年级
学生姓名张曦
指导教师
2013年11月10日
目录
绪论 (3)
1 哺乳仔猪的生理特点 (4)
1.1 生长发育规律 (4)
1.2 机体调节 (4)
1.3 消化机能 (4)
1.4 免疫力 (5)
2 初生期的饲养管理 (5)
2.1 接产 (5)
2.2 断脐 (5)
2.3 剪犬齿 (5)
2.4 断尾 (5)
2.5 打耳号 (5)
2.6 固定乳头、及早吃上并吃足初乳 (5)
2.6.1 固定乳头 (6)
2.6.2 及早吃上并吃足初乳 (6)
2.7 防寒保温 (6)
2.7.1 仔猪自身供热机能 (6)
2.7.2 哺乳仔在各阶段的适宜温度 (7)
2.7.3 措施 (7)
2.7.4 注意事项 (7)
2.8 选择性寄养 (7)
2.9 防止踩压 (7)
2.10 仔猪补铁 (8)
2.11 仔猪补硒 (8)
3 小公猪趋势 (8)
4 防疫灭病措施 (8)
5 仔猪最佳的断奶时期 (9)
6 结语 (9)
绪论
在现代规模化养猪生产中，仔猪是养猪生产的基础，哺乳仔猪的饲养管理是生产的关键。仔猪饲养管理的成败直接关系到养猪生产水平的高低，同时对提高养猪经济效益起着十分重要的作用。夏季气温回升，正是产仔猪的好季节，而仔猪成活率除了气温的影响外，还有诸多因素，因此,如何科学的饲养管理,对促进仔猪快速发育、缩短饲养期、降低饲料报酬、获得最高的断奶体重,有着十分重要的作用。
Introduction
In modern large scale pig production in piglets is pig production base, suckling piglets feeding management is the key to production. Piglet feeding management success or failure is directly related to the level of the level of pig production, also plays a very important role to improve the economic efficiency of pig. Temperature rises in the summer is the best season for litter size in pigs, and survival rate of piglets in addition to the influence of the temperature, and many factors. Therefore, how to scientific feeding and management, to promote the fast growth of the piglets, shorten the period of feeding, reduce feed reward, obtained the highest weaning weight, has a very important role.
浅谈哺乳仔猪的饲养管理
摘要仔猪由于其自身的生理特点，哺乳期较难饲养，如管理不善便极易死亡。简述仔猪初生期、开食补料期的管理要点及疾病防疫策略。
关键词仔猪哺乳饲养管理生理特点
1．哺乳仔猪的生理特点
哺乳仔猪是指从出生到断奶阶段的仔猪。哺乳期在各个养猪场长短不同, 一般为21～35 天。哺乳仔猪是生长发育最快的时期, 也是抵抗力最弱的时期。
1.1生长发育规律
哺乳仔猪生长发育快，物质代谢旺盛。猪出生后，其生长强度高于其他家畜。猪的初生重轻，不足成年体重的 1％，但生后生长发育很快。在1月龄时．仔猪的体重可达到初生重的5 6倍，2月龄时仔猪的体重可达到初生体重的 10 13倍。猪的生长强度大，因而代谢很旺盛。
1.2机体调节
哺乳仔猪体温调节机能不健全，抗寒力差。哺乳仔猪出生时．大脑皮层发育不健全，通过神经系统涮节体温的能力差．再加之仔猪皮薄毛稀．皮下脂肪少．相对体表面积大．散热多，冈此．仔猪特别怕冷。而且仔猪体内能源的贮存很少．遇到寒冷血糖很快降低，如不及时吃到初乳则很难成活。
1.3消化机能
哺乳仔猪消化器官不发达，消化腺机能不完善。仔猪出生时，消化器官虽然已经形成，但其重量和容积都比较小。仔猪胃内仅有凝乳酶，缺乏游离盐酸：胃蛋白酶没有活性．不能消化蛋白质，缺乏蔗糖酶，不能很好地利用蔗糖．由于胃及肠管pH值较高，对进入的细菌缺乏抵抗力，所以哺乳仔猪易患病。
1.4免疫力
哺乳仔猪缺乏先天性免疫力，容易生病。哺乳仔猪的免疫系统不发达，在l叶I生后，依靠母猪的初乳传递一些抗体．自身的抗体产生系统在30日龄后才能真正发挥作用．所以仔猪患病往往是在生后3～20天。
2．初生期的饲养管理
针对初生仔猪反应不灵敏、抵抗力差、免疫力弱、抗寒能力差、消化机能不完善、极易受伤害等特点，不断加强仔猪初生期的饲养管理显得尤为重要。
2.1接产
临产母猪快要分娩时，接产员要经常注意观察，并做好接产准备。分娩时必须有专人接产和助产，尤其是出产母猪，并注意做好消毒工作。仔猪出生后，接产人员应立即用手指将仔猪的口、鼻的黏液掏出并擦净，再用抹布将全身黏液擦净。及时把初生仔猪放进保温箱，以免着凉。
2.2 断脐
先将脐带内的血液向仔猪腹部方向挤压，然后在距离腹部4cm处把脐带用手指掐断，断处用碘酒消毒，若断脐时流血过多，可用手指捏住断头，直到不出血为止。
2.3剪犬齿
仔猪生后的第一天，对窝产仔数较多，特别是在产活仔数超过母猪乳头数时，可以剪掉仔猪的犬齿。对出生重小，体弱的仔猪也可以不剪。去掉犬齿的方法是用消毒后的铁钳子，注意不要损伤仔猪的齿龈，剪去犬齿，断面要剪平整。剪掉犬齿的目的，是防止仔猪互相争乳头时咬伤乳头或仔猪双颊。
2.4 断尾
用于育肥的仔猪出生后，为了预防育肥期间的咬尾现象，要尽可能早地断尾，一般可与剪犬齿同时进行。方法是用消毒后的铁钳子剪去仔猪尾巴的1/3（约2.5cm长），然后在创口初涂上碘酒，防止感染。注意防止流血不止和并发症。
2.5 打耳号
对预留的后备种猪逐头打耳号，每头仔猪1个号；对准备作为商品肉猪的仔猪逐头按窝打耳号，每窝1个号，同窝同号，将来根据耳号即可查到出生日期和父母代，便于考察肉猪的生长发育情况。
2.6固定乳头、及早吃上并吃足初乳
2.6.1固定乳头
固定乳头是为了使仔猪有秩序地吮乳。固定乳头的基本原则是：一头仔猪只能专吃一个乳头；为使全窝仔猪发育整齐，宜将体大强壮的仔猪固定在后边奶少的乳头（体大仔猪按摩乳房有力，能增加泌乳量），将体小较弱的仔猪固定在前边奶水多的乳头，以弥补其先天不足。为了保证母猪所有乳房都能受到哺乳刺激而充分发育，只要母猪体力、表情正常，则其所有的有效乳头都尽量不留空（没有仔猪吃奶的乳房，其乳腺即萎缩），如果仔猪头数不够，可以从其他窝并入。
2.6.2及早吃上并吃足初乳
固定仔猪出生后一个月内，主要从母猪乳中获得各种营养物质和抗体。母猪产后3～5天内分泌的乳汁为初乳，哺乳一周后的乳汁为常乳，二者在化学成分上是有很大区别。初乳中蛋白质含量特别高，并含有大量的白蛋白和球蛋白，而脂肪含量却很低。初乳能满足仔猪生长对于蛋白质的需要，且符合初生仔猪消化能力差、不易消化大量脂肪的特点。初乳还含有磷脂质、酶和激素，特别是免疫球蛋白，是哺乳仔猪不可缺少的营养物质，它可增强仔猪的体质、抗病能力和对环境的适应能力；初乳中含有较多的镁盐，具有轻泻性，能促进胎粪排出；初乳的酸度高，可促进消化道活动；初乳还含有加速肠道发育所必需的未知的肠生长因子，使仔猪在出生后24小时内提高肠生长速度30%左右。因而仔猪在生后立即吃足初乳，具有诸多好处。吃初乳多的仔猪生长快，以生后1小时内每头仔猪平均吮乳100ml为例，最先出生的在10分钟内已吃到90ml的初乳，而最末产出的仔猪，由于初乳中免疫球蛋白迅速下降，初乳吮吸量少，生长会受到影响。
新生仔猪肠道内有胞饮功能，肠道上皮可原封不动地将初乳蛋白吸收到细胞内部，在运送到淋巴和血液中去，供仔猪吸收。随着仔猪肠道的发育，上皮的渗透性发生变化，对蛋白的吸收也随着改变。在生后3小时以内，肠道上皮对抗体（γ-球蛋白）吸收能力为100%，3～9小时则为50%，9～12小时后下降为5%～10%，36小时即停止作用。这正是要仔猪尽早（出生0.5～1小时，最迟不超过2小时）吃上初乳、吃足初乳的原因。
2.7 防寒保温
2.7.1仔猪自身供热机能
新生仔猪需要热量多，而出生24小时内的仔猪基本不能利用乳脂肪和乳蛋白氧化供热，主要热源是靠分解体内储备的糖原和母乳的乳糖。在气温较高的条件下，仔猪出生24小时后氧化脂肪供热的能力才加强；而在寒冷环境（5℃）下，仔猪需要在出生60个小时后才能有效地利用乳脂肪氧化供热。寒冷是仔猪的大敌，使仔猪变得不活跃，食欲减退，不愿去吃初乳，而使仔猪免疫能力下降，导致疾病发生。仔猪的体温调节功能从出生的第9天起才开始逐步完善，20日龄时才接近完善。所以做好仔猪的保温防寒工作，是提高仔猪成活率的一大保证。
2.7.2哺乳仔在各阶段的适宜温度
不同日龄仔猪最适宜温度为：1～3日龄，30～32 ℃；4～7日龄，28～30℃；8～15日龄，25～27℃；16～27日龄，22～24℃；28～35日龄，20～22℃。相对湿度以70～80%为宜。保温的措施是单独为仔猪创造温暖的小气候环境。因为“小猪怕冷”而“大
猪怕热”，母猪在15℃气温下表现舒适，如果把整个产房升温，一则对母猪不适宜，二则多耗能源不经济。
2.7.3措施
仔猪保温防寒的措施有：母猪分娩舍要堵住栏舍进风口，阻断穿堂风袭击母仔猪，可采取塑料薄膜隔开长走廊和腰墙，还可以用塑料薄膜在屋脊下建“棚中棚”，创造环境条件以保温。母猪栏铺上软稻草或木板垫。仔猪补料保温间或仔猪保温箱里铺上软稻草、干木屑或麻袋；在保温箱内安装1盏250瓦或2盏100瓦或外线保温灯，通过灯的位置高低和开关来调节合适额温度；在仔猪补料间上方用麻袋或牛皮纸罩住；条件好的场所可安装电热恒温保温板（板面温度26～32℃，可调节）。
2.7.4注意事项
在保温过程中，饲养员要经常观看保温箱的温度计，观察仔猪的状态，如互相大堆、集中于保温灯下，说明保温房内温度不够，要把保温灯放低些；如仔猪远离而分散在保温箱的四周，则说明温度过高，应把保温灯升高些。
2.8选择性寄养
母猪产仔多，奶水不足或母猪产仔过少需要并窝，最好采用寄养的方法来解决，在高度集中产仔的猪场，为了使每窝仔猪均匀发育，将同时产的几窝仔猪体重大小顺序混合重新编组，分别送给几头母猪哺乳，使得每头母猪有效乳头占满，不留空位。
2.9防止踩压
统计明，7日龄以内仔猪死亡率占整个哺乳期死亡的50%～70%，而哺乳期因压死占总数的40%～50%，可见初生仔猪防踩压是至关重要的。
在母猪栏内设保育箱，即仔猪补料温间或仔猪保温箱。仔猪出生后即放入保育箱内休息，定期放出哺乳，一般每隔1～1.5小时哺乳一次，仔猪通过2～3天训练，即可养成自由进出保育箱的习惯。这是最有效、最简单的办法。
2.10 仔猪补铁
初生仔猪体内铁的贮存量很少，没1kg体重约为35mg，仔猪每天生长需要铁7mg，而母乳中提供的铁只是仔猪需要量的1/10，若不给仔猪补铁，仔猪体内贮存的铁将很快消耗殆尽。给母猪饲料中补铁不能增加母乳中铁的含量，只能少量增加肝脏中铁的储备。生后4～5天，在训练其补料的同时，为了防止仔猪发生缺铁性贫血，应及时为仔猪补铁。补铁的方法很多，目前最有效的方法是给仔猪肌肉注射铁制剂，如培亚铁针剂、右
旋糖酐铁注射液、牲血素等，一般在仔猪3日龄注射100～150mg。
2.11仔猪补硒
严重缺晰地区，仔猪可能发生缺硒性下痢、肝脏坏死和白肌病，宜于生后3天内注射0.1%的亚硒酸钠、维生素E合剂，每头0.5ml，10日龄补第二针。
2.12仔猪饮水
仔猪生长迅速, 代谢旺盛, 需水量较多, 因此从3日龄开始, 必须供给清洁的饮水。应设置饮水槽, 也可在每1L水中加葡萄糖20g、碳酸氢钠2g、维生素C0.06g。同时, 由于母乳中含脂肪量高达7%～11% , 仔猪又活泼爱动, 常感口渴, 如不供给清洁的饮水, 则会喝脏水或尿液, 容易导致下痢。
3小公猪趋势
去势就是将非种用公猪的两个睾丸阉割掉。最适宜的去势时间是在10～20日龄。因为这时仔猪小，容易操作；手术后出血较少；有母猪初乳抗体的保护，容易恢复。去势要使用已消毒、锐利的手术刀片，去势前后要用3%～5%碘酒和灭菌结晶磺胺对手术部位进行消毒。
4 防疫灭病措施
1日龄为了预防仔猪白痢的发生，可在吃初乳之前口服如下药物（任意一种即可）：增效磺胺甲氧嗪注射液，规格5×10ml，第一次吃初乳之前口腔滴服0.5ml，以后每天两次，连续3天；硫酸庆大霉素，每支2ml，8万国际单位，第一次吃初乳前口腔滴服1万国际单位，每天两次，连续3天。1～3日龄每天早晚各滴服一次微生态制剂，调整胃肠道菌群，防止腹泻的发生。市面常用微生态制剂如调痢生、促菌生、赐百健等，用户可按说明书剂量加水适量进行稀释，用滴管滴适量于仔猪舌根部。4日龄鼻腔滴注猪伪狂犬病疫苗。20～25日龄对仔猪进行猪瘟疫苗首次免疫。
5.仔猪最佳的断奶时期
母猪产仔后, 子宫复旧的时间一般在24天左右, 完全恢复需要35 天。研究证明,仔猪生后3~5 周龄断奶较为有利, 过早断奶会造成母猪繁殖障碍。实践证明仔猪4~5 周龄断奶已被推广应用。
对早期断奶仔猪, 应供给相适应的全价日粮, 饲养于清洁、干燥、温暖的猪舍中, 以促进仔猪生长, 防止下痢, 减少弱猪比例, 提高成活率, 以期获得体重
大、生长均匀的仔猪。
断奶的方法可采用一次断奶法、分批断奶法和逐渐断奶法。
5.1一次断奶法
此种断奶法的优点是省工省时, 便于操作, 多被工厂化养猪生产所采用,缺点是会引起仔猪应激和母猪烦躁不安。这种断奶法是断奶前3 天减少哺乳母猪饲粮的日喂量, 到断奶日龄一次将仔猪与母猪全部分开。
5.2分批断奶法
此种断奶法的缺点是会延长哺乳期, 影响母猪的繁殖成绩, 目前多不采用。这种断奶法是将一窝中体重较大的仔猪先断奶, 弱小的仔猪继续哺乳一段时间, 以便提高断奶体重。
5.3逐渐断奶法
此种断奶方法优点是可减轻断奶应激对仔猪的影响, 缺点是比较麻烦而费人力。这种断奶法于断奶前3~4 天减少母猪和仔猪的接触与哺乳次数, 并减少母猪饲粮的日喂量, 使仔猪由少哺乳到不哺乳有一个适应期。
6结语
仔猪从新生期至断奶期的培养和管理是生产中极其重要的一环。现代养猪对仔猪的培育既有数量上的追求，要求具有稳定的高成活率，又有质量上的追求，要求仔猪具有良好的健康状态和快速的生长性能。经过笔者在规模化养猪场的学习和实践，再结合理论，可总结为，对哺乳仔猪执行科学的饲养管理是养猪场兴旺发达的关键。
参考文献
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Feeding and management of nursing piglets
Directory
The introduction is (3)
Physiological characteristics of 1 lactating piglets............... .4
1.1 growth and Development Law..... .. (4)
1.2 body regulation..... . (4)
1.3 digestive function..... . (4)
1.4 immunity (5)
2 feeding and management of the newborn period (5)
2.1 pick.................. .. (5)
2.2 cord (5)
2.3 shear canine (5)
2.4 tail (5)
2.5 to hit the ear number (5)
2.6 fixed nipple, early to eat and eat enough colostrum (5)
2.6.1 fixed nipple (6)
2.6.2 early to eat and eat enough colostrum (6)
2.7 cold insulation (6)
2.7.1 piglets self heating function (6)
2.7.2 the appropriate temperature of the breast feeding in each stage (7)
2.7.3 measures (7)
2.7.4 notes (7)
2.8 selective foster (7)
2.9 to prevent the pressure on (7)
2.10 piglets iron supplement..... . (8)
2.11 piglets to fill the selenium..... .. (8)
3 small boar trend (8)
4 epidemic prevention and quarantine measures (8)
5 the best time of weaning piglets (9)
6 conclusion (9)
Feeding and management of nursing piglets
Abstract：piglets because of its physiological characteristics and lactation is difficult feeding, such as poor management and extremely easy to death. Briefly the piglet birth period, Sibu feed period management and disease prevention strategies.
Key words：piglet feeding and feeding management physiological characteristics Physiological characteristics of 1 lactating piglets
1.Physiological characteristics of 1 lactating piglets
The piglets are from 21 to 35 days, and are the fastest growing stage and the weakest period of the resistance.
1.1 growth and development law
The growth and development of the piglets are fast and the material metabolism is strong. The growth intensity is higher than that of other domestic animals. The birth weight is 1%, but the growth and development are very fast. In February, the body weight of piglets can reach 1013 times of the primary body weight, and the growth intensity is big, so the metabolism is very strong.
1.2 body regulation
Suckling piglets temperature regulation function is not perfect, poor cold hardiness. Suckling piglets at birth. Development of the cerebral cortex is not perfect, by nervous system rinse section temperature difference. Coupled with the piglet skin thin sparse hairs. Less subcutaneous fat. Relatively large surface area. Much heat, gang. Piglets are particularly afraid of the cold. And piglets energy storage rarely. Encounter cold blood glucose quickly reduce, if not promptly to eat colostrum is very difficult to survive.
1.3 digestive function
Piglet digestive organ is underdeveloped, the digestive gland function is not perfect. Piglets born, digestive organs although has formed, but its weight and volume are relatively small. Piglet gastric only chymosin, lack of free hydrochloric acid: without activity of pepsin. Cannot digest proteins that lacked sucrase, not very good use of sucrose. Due to the higher value of the pH of the stomach and intestine, for entry of the bacterium lack of resistance, so piglet susceptibility to disease.
1.4 immunity
The immune system is not well developed in the L leaves of I. After the birth of leaves, it is a function of the following 20 days after birth.
2 feeding and management of the primary stage
In view of the characteristics of poor sensitivity, resistance, weak immunity, poor ability of cold resistance, poor ability of digestion, and vulnerable to injury, it is very important to strengthen the management of newborn piglets.
2.1 pick
Pregnant sows was on the verge of childbirth, midwifery staff to regularly observe the, and do a good job labor preparation. Childbirth must have special joint production and delivery, especially production sows, and pay attention to disinfection work swine. After birth, personnel should immediately with your fingers to the mouth of the piglets, nasal mucous pulls it out and wipe, reoccupy dishcloth body mucus wipe. In a timely manner to newborn piglets into the insulation box, so as not to catch cold.
2.2 cord
First to the direction of the piglets abdomen extrusion in the umbilical cord blood, then from abdomen 4cm in the Department with the finger nipped into the umbilical cord, cut with
tincture of iodine disinfection, if the umbilical cord is cut, excessive bleeding, available finger pinch broken lives, until not until the bleeding.
2.3 shear canine
Piglets born after the first day, for litter size more, especially in the number born alive litter than sow nipple number can be cut piglets canines. On the birth weight of small, weak piglets can also does not cut it. Get rid of the method of canine is used after disinfection of iron pliers, pay attention not to damage the piglets gum, cut the canines, the section should be cut flat. Cut the canine is prevent piglets competing nipple, nipple or piglets cheeks bites.
2.4 tail
For fattening pigs after birth, in order to prevent the fattening period of tail biting phenomenon, as far as possible early tail, and shear canine simultaneously. Method is used after disinfection of iron pliers cut to piglets tail 1 / 3 (about 2.5 cm long), then coated with tincture of iodine at the beginning of the wound to prevent infection. Pay attention to prevent bleeding and complications.
2.5.The ear number
The reservation reserve pigs by head ear number, 1 per piglet; to prepare as commodity pig piglets by head according to Wo ear number, per litter a number, littermates with number, future according to the ear, can be found to the birth date and parental generation for investigation of pig growth and development.
2.6 fixed nipple, early to eat and eat enough colostrum
2.6.1 fixed nipple
Namely, normal, and all piglets piglets nipple fixed to the piglets in order to suck the breast. Nipple fixed the basic principle is: a head of piglets can only eat a nipple. In order to make the whole litters of piglets orderly development, should the strong fixed behind less milk nipples (body massage the breast is strong, can increase the amount of lactation), small weak piglets fixed in front of milk nipple, to make up for its deficiencies. In order to ensure the sow breasts can be the suckling stimulus fully developed, as long as the sow physical expression, all of its effective papilla as far as possible without leaving empty (no piglet sucking the breast, breast atrophy), if the Zi pig number is not enough. In order to incorporate from other nests.
2.6.2 early to eat and eat enough colostrum
One month after the birth of the piglets, the main milk from the sow to obtain a variety of nutrients and antibodies. 3 to 5 days after the birth of milk, milk fat, milk for the regular
milk, two in the chemical composition is a big difference. Colostrum protein content is particularly high, and contains a lot of albumin and globulin, and to meet the needs of piglets, and is not easy to digest a lot of fat. 90ml average fast growth in the acidity of the environment quality and disease resistant ability and the ability to adapt; colostrum contains more magnesium salt, has laxative, can promote the meconium discharge; colostrum is high, can promote gastrointestinal activity; colostrum also contains accelerate intestinal development required unknown gut growth factor, the piglets born after 24 hours of intestinal growth rate of about 30%. Thus the piglets in the postnatal immediately eat enough colostrum has many benefits. Eat colostrum piglets to students after 1 hour within each piglet sucking milk 100ml, for example, the first born in 10 minutes has to eat colostrum, and at the end of the output of the piglets, due to colostrum immune globulin Protein decreased rapidly, the amount of colostrum suck less, growth will be affected.
Early, as early as stop is born along with the development of newborn piglets in pinocytotic function, intestinal epithelium intact the colostrum protein absorption to the cell interior, in transit to the lymph and blood for piglets absorption. With piglets intestinal epithelial permeability changes of protein absorption change. After 3 hours, the intestinal epithelium of antibody (gamma globulin) absorption capacity of 100%, 3 to 9 hours 50%, 9 ~ 12 hours and then decreased to 5% ~ 10%, 36 hours. It is important to piglets (born 0.5 ~ 1 hour at the latest not more than 2 hours) to eat milk, eat enough colostrum.
2.7 cold insulation
2.7.1 piglet's own heating function
Born in newborn piglets need more calories, born 24 hours of piglets can not use of milk fat and milk protein oxidation heating, the main heat source is to rely on the decomposition of body reserves of glycogen and breast milk lactose. In high temperature conditions, the piglets born 24 hours after fat oxidation heating ability to strengthen, and in the cold environment (5 DEG C), piglets born 60 hours in order to effectively use of milk fat oxidation heating. The cold is a piglet archenemy, the piglets become less active, loss of appetite, not to eat colostrum, the piglets were immunized with decreased ability to guide disease caused by swine. Thermoregulation function from the 9th day to open Begin to gradually improve, at the age of 20, was close to perfect. So do piglets thermal insulation cold work is improve piglet survival rate guarantee.
Appropriate temperature of 2.7.2 in all stages of lactation
Not suitable for heating cold is appropriate for different day old piglets most suitable temperature for 1 ~ 3 days of age, 30 to 32 DEG C; 4 to 7 days of age, 28 to 30 DEG C; 8 to 15 days of age 25 to 27 DEG C; 16 to 27 days of age, 22 to 24 DEG C; 28 to 35 days of age, 20 to 22 degrees Celsius. Relative humidity to 70 ~ 80%. Thermal insulation measures separately for the piglets to create warm microclimate environment. Because of the "pig" and "big pig afraid of heat, sows in 15 DEG C temperature comfortable, if the delivery room, to
sow, and the second is the consumption of energy economy.
2.7.3 measures
Or above; insulation; occasionally laying plastic film and separated by a parent drafts piglets weatherization measures: sow farrowing house to block the pens into the air, blocking attacks piglets, take a plastic film long corridor podium, also can be used in roof built under the shed shed, create the environment conditions to thermal insulation. Sow stalls soft straw or wood pad. Piglet insulating material for piglet nursery box shop soft straw, dry wood or sacks in the insulation box is installed a lamp that 250 Watt or 2 lamp 100 watt or outside the lamp, the lamp height and switch to adjust the appropriate amount of temperature in piglets fed with a sack kraft paper covering; conditions are good places can be installed electric heating thermostat Temperature plate (temperature 26 to 32 DEG C, adjustable).
2.7.4 notes
In the process of heat preservation, the breeder should often watch incubator thermometer, piglets was observed, such as each lot, concentrated in a heat lamp that insulation room temperature is not enough, to a heat lamp low; such as far away from the piglets and scattered around the insulation box, temperature is too high, the heat lamps increase.
2.8 selective foster care
Sows farrowing, insufficient milk or sows farrowing too little need and Waterloo, best by foster method to solve, in highly concentrated calving of the farm, in order to make the piglets per litter uniform development. At the same time, produced several litters of piglets weight size is of the order of mixed RE grouping, were sent to the first few lactating sows, making effective per sow nipple filled, leaving no vacancy.
2.9 prevent press
Statistics show that within seven day old piglet mortality accounted for 50% of death throughout lactation ~ 70%, and lactation for crushed accounted for 40% ~ 50%, visible newborn piglets anti trample to press is crucial.
Incubator is set in a column of sows, piglets fill material temperature occasionally piglet nursery box. Piglets after birth is put into the incubator rest, release of regular breast-feeding, generally every 1 to 1.5 hours breast-feeding a piglet by 2 ~ 3 days of training can develop freely and the habit of incubator. This is the most effective, the simplest approach.
2.10 piglets iron
The amount of iron in the newborn piglets is very little, and the 1kg is about 35mg. The daily growth of 7Mg, and the iron in the breast milk is only a few of the 1/10.4 ~ 5 days after birth, in training the fill blank at the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia in piglets should be timely for the piglets iron supplementation. Many methods of iron supplement, the most effective method is to pigs by intramuscular injection of iron preparations, such as ferrous culture injection, iron dextran injection, blood sacrifice of ET, generally in the piglets at the age of three days injection of 100 to 150mg
2.11 selenium supplement
Serious lack of clarity of area, piglets may Se deficiency diarrhea, necrosis of the liver and white muscle disease, suitable for 3 days after injection of 0.1% of sodium selenite, vitamin E mixture, 0.5ml per head, 10 day old fill the second needle.
2.12 piglets drinking water
Rapid growth of piglets, metabolism, more water, so from the beginning of 3-day-old must provide clean drinking water. Water tank should be set, also can be in per liter of water plus glucose 20g, NaHCO3 2G, vitamin C0.06g. at the same time, because the milk fat content as high as 7% ~ 11%, piglets and lively love, often a sense of thirst, such as supply of clean water, drink dirty water or urine, easily lead to diarrhea.
3 small boar trend
Castration is the kind of boar two testicular castration off. The most suitable time of castration is in 10 to 20 days of age. Since then the small piglets and easy operation; less bleeding after surgery; sow colostrum antibody protection, easy recovery. Castration to use sterilized, sharp knife tablets, before and after castration to 3% ~ 5% tincture of iodine and sterile crystal sulfanilamide on surgical site disinfected.
4 epidemic prevention and quarantine measures
Twice before a following in 1 day old to prevent white scour of piglets, eat colostrum prior to oral drug (arbitrary): synergistic trimethoprim oxygen hydrochloride injection, specifications 5 x 10ml, first eat colostrum oral drop clothes 0.5ml every day after two times, for 3 consecutive days; gentamicin sulfate, each 2ml, 8 million international units, the first time to eat colostrum before oral drop service 1 million international units per day, continuous 3 days 0.1 to 3 day old every day sooner or later each drop clothes a micro ecological preparation, adjust gastrointestinal flora to prevent diarrhea. Market used for the micro ecological preparation such as setting the diarrhea, promote the growth of bacteria, give Bai Jian, users can follow the instructions Book dose water amount of dilution, with a dropper amount in piglets glossal root ministry 4 day old nasal instillation of Porcine Pseudorabies
Vaccine 20 ~ 25 day old piglets of classical swine fever vaccine has for the first time immune.
5 the best time of weaning piglets
After farrowing sows, involution of uterus time general in 24 days or so, fully restored to 35 days. Studies have shown that, after the birth of the piglets weaned 3 to 5 weeks of age more favorable and premature weaning will cause reproductive disorders in sows. Practice has proved that piglets aged 4-5 weeks weaning has been applied.
In early weaned piglets should be adapted to supply the full price of the diet, feeding on clean, dry, warm pig house, to promote piglet growth, prevention of diarrhea, reduce pigs weak proportion, improve the survival rate, in order to gain weight, uniform piglet growth.
The method of weaning can be used for one time, the method of weaning, and the method of partial weaning.
5.1 a weaning method
This weaning method has the advantages of labor saving and time saving, easy to operate, was industrialized pig production the disadvantage is caused by stress of piglets and sows fidgety. The weaning method is 3 days before weaning decreased lactation diet, feeding amount, to weaning age a will of sows and piglets are separated.
5.2 partial weaning method
The weakness of this method is that it can prolong the period of lactation and affect the reproductive performance of sows. This method is not to use. This method is to start a litter of piglets with a larger weight.
5.3 gradually weaning method
Advantage of this kind of weaning method can reduce the influence of weaning stress of piglets, the disadvantage is more trouble and manpower costs. The weaning method at 3 ~ 4 days before weaning reduce sows and piglets of contact and the number of lactation and reduce sow diet, feeding amount, the piglets from less breastfeeding to not breast-feeding has
a period of adaptation.
6 Conclusion
The cultivation and management of piglets from neonatal period to weaning period is a very important part in production. The cultivation of modern pig breeding is not only in
quantity but also in quality. It is essential to study and practice the scientific management of nursing piglets.
reference documentation
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