中国政法大学经济学专业课程教学大纲

《经济学专业外语》教学大纲

巫云仙编写

经济学专业课程教学大纲

1512 目录

Part I Topics of Microeconomics (1514)

Lecture 1 Introduction to Microeconomics economics (1514)

Lecture 2 Markets (1516)

Lecture 3 Firms (1519)

Lecture 4 Wages (1522)

Part II Topics of Macroeconomics (1527)

Lecture 5 Introduction to Macroeconomics (1527)

Lecture 6 Government Policy (1529)

Lecture 7 Unemployment and the Phillips Curve (1532)

Part III Topics of International Economics (1534)

Lecture 8 Topics on International Trade (1534)

Lecture 9 Globalization (1536)

Lecture 10 External Shocks to the Global Economy (1537)

Lecture 11 The European Union (1539)

Lecture 12 Protectionism and Trade Liberalization (1541)

Part IV Topics of Economic Growth (1543)

Lecture 13 The Costs and Benefits of Economic Growth in Developing Countries (1543)

经济学专业外语

课程编码：406010312

英文名称：Business Economics

先修课程：西方经济学、国际经济学、管理学

授课对象：商学院本科生

开课部门：中国政法大学商学院

编写人员：巫云仙

周学时： 2

总学时： 36

学分：2

一、前言：课程的性质、目的和课程简介

经济学专业英语是为商学院的本科生开设的专业选修课程。本课程的教学目的是培养学生在经济学领域综合运用英语的能力。通过该课程的学习，学生能够将英语作为工作语言，运用英语思维了解经济学专业的知识和思考方法，能够通过阅读相关的英语资料，获取有关经济学专业的学科发展信息，以及了解和熟悉当代经济学发展的最新前沿动态。

Business English is one of the selected courses for undergraduate students in business school. It is designed especially to help students of Economics to increase their command of English using materials relating to their own subject of study. The course focus is placed on helping students to develop skills of comprehension and analysis in English. Students are also introduced to useful resources in English available on the Internet and are encouraged to acquire a critical approach to their research and reading in the field of economics.

二、教学内容与要求

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Part I Topics of Microeconomics

Lecture 1 Introduction to Microeconomics economics

Aim: The aim of this lesson is to provide students with background information on the nature of economics, the economic problem and the key concepts of opportunity cost and production possibility frontiers.

Key point: Economics, opportunity cost, Production Possibility Frontiers,Capital goods, Consumer goods, Public goods, Merit goods.

Teaching hour: 2 hours

I. Economics and Economic Problem

1. What is Economics About?

(1) Adam Smith

(2) Neoclassical economists

(3) Definition of Economics

II. Opportunity Cost

1. Definition

2. Implies

3. Examples

III. Production Possibility Frontiers

1. Definition

2. Implies

3. Graph

IV. Positive and Normative Economics

1. Positive Statements

2. Normative Statements

V. The Economic Problem

1. Unlimited Wants, Scarce Resources, and Choices

2. What goods and services should an economy produce?

3. How should goods and services be produced?

4. Who should get the goods and services produced?

(1) Capital goods

(2) Consumer goods

(3) Public goods

(4) Merits goods

经济学专业外语

Topics for discussion:

1. What happens when oil eventually runs out?

2. Why can't we just pay doctors and nurses more money?

3. Why can't I just get a grant to go to university?

4. It's obvious that fining polluters would stop them from doing it!

5. What goods and services should be produced?

6. How should goods and services be produced?

7. Who should get the resources that the economy has produced?

Further reading:

Roger A. McCain, Essential Principles of Economics, Chapter1-2, ( A Hypermedia Text, 2005)

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1516 Lecture 2 Markets

Aim: The aim of this section is to help students interact with demand and supply curves and begin to explore the purpose, benefits and limitations of economic modeling.

Key points: demand, supply, Equilibrium, consumer surplus, Producer Surplus, Elasticity, market,Market Failure.

Teaching hour: 4 hours

I. Demand and supply

1. What is demand and demand curve.

2. What is supply and supply curve

3. Demand and supply relationship

(1) Market equilibrium

(2) Disequilibrium

(3) Shifts vs. Movement on the curves

II. Consumer Surplus and producer Surplus

1. What is the meaning of consumer surplus

(1) Definition

(2) Diagram and Example

2. What is producer surplus

(1) Definition

(2) Diagram and Example

3. Joint Supply

4. Composite Demand

5. Derived Demand

III. Elasticity

1. What is elasticity ?

2. Four types of elasticity

(1) Price elasticity of demand

(2) Price elasticity of supply

(3) Income elasticity of demand

(4) Cross elasticity

(5) Determinants of Elasticity

(6) Importance of Elasticity

经济学专业外语

IV. Introduction to markets

1. What is market?

2. Demand and Supply in the market

3. The range of markets

(1) Organised markets

(2) Financial markets

(3) Goods markets

(4) Factor markets

4. Factors affecting the efficiency of markets

(1) The amount of information about the markets

(2) The ease with which factors of production can be put to alternative uses

(3) The extent to which price is an accurate signal

(4) The degree to which firms hold monopoly power

(5) The degree to which property rights are clearly defined

(6) Whether the market can provide goods and services (public goods)

V. Subsides and taxes—Correcting Market Failure

1. Subsidies

2. Effects of Subsidies

3. Taxation

4. Effects of a tax

5. Cost benefit analysis and trade-off

Topics for discussion:

1. What reasons might there be for consumers to be reluctant to purchase an item at higher prices?

2. What is being traded on the market you are looking at?

3. Who do you think the buyers and the sellers would be?

4. Why might they be buying and selling these items?

5. Some of these markets are 'futures' markets - what do you think this means?

6. What has happened to the price in the markets that you are looking at?

7. Why do you think the price might have changed?

Further reading:

1. Alcohol misuse: How much does it cost? - a useful example of how consumer surplus is integrated in government policy making via the Strategy Unit's report https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/files/pdf/econ.pdf.

2. Opportunity Cost, Externalities and Alcohol Use,

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/current/mind/2003_4/290903.htm

3. Pressure group against subsidies - Kick all agricultural subsidies (kickAAS)

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https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/

4. US farm subsidy database - Environmental Working Group

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/farm/

5. Paper about the impact of subsidies - The Earth Council

http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/rio/focus/report/english/subsidies/

6. Roger A. McCain, Essential Principles of Economics, Chapter 5, 7, 8 ( A Hypermedia Text, 2005) 1518

经济学专业外语

Lecture 3 Firms

Aim: Introduction to business/industrial economics, different concepts associated with the theory of the firm, in particular, to look at the application of the concepts associated with costs and revenues to a firm's decision making, the law of diminishing returns and then extend the idea by linking it to costs and revenues, and how economies of scale arise and uses the electronics industry as an example.

Key points: The Growth of Firms, Diminishing Returns, Motives of Firms, Pricing, Contestable Markets, Production Function, Costs, Revenue, Profit, Theory of Firms, Economies of Scale, Market Structure. Teaching Hour: 4 hours

I. Business Economics

1. The Growth of Firms

(1) Internal Growth

(2) External Growth

(3) Motives of merger

2. Key Issues

(1) Divorce between ownership and control

(2) Principal-Agent Relationship

(3) The Law of Diminishing Returns

3. Efficiency

(1) Productive

(2) Technical

(3) Allocative

(4) Social

4. Motives of Firms

(1) Profit Maximisation

(2) Other Objectives of Firms

(3) Behavioural Objectives

II. Pricing strategy and Contestable Markets

1. Pricing strategy

(1) What is pricing?

(2) Price Takers

(3) Price Leadership

(4) Price Fixing

(5) Price Discrimination

(6) Redistribution Pricing

2. Contestable Markets

(1) Perfectly contestable market and it’s characteristics

(2) Examples of markets exhibiting contestability characteristics

(3) ‘Hit and Run’ tactics

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(4) Cream-skimming

III. The costs and revenues——the Theory of Firm

1. Costs

(1) Total Cost (FC + VC)

(2) Variable (direct) Costs

(3) Fixed (indirect or overhead) Costs

(4) Average Costs (TC/Q)

(5) Marginal Costs (TCn - TCn-1)

(6) Opportunity Cost

2. Production Function

(1) Output (Q)

(2) Inputs

Capital (K)

Land (L)

Labor (La)

Q = f (K, L, La)

(3) Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns

(4) Total Product

(5) Average Product (TP/Q)

(6) Marginal Product

(7) Productivity

3. Profit

(1) Normal Profit

(2) Abnormal or Supernormal Profit

(3) Sub-normal Profit

(4) Short Run

(5) Long Run

4. Revenue

(1) Total Revenue (P x Q)

(2) Average Revenue (TR/Q)

(3) Marginal Revenue (TRn - TRn-1)

IV. The diminishing of returns ——the Theory of Firm

1. Difference between Revenue and Cost

2. Diminishing Marginal Returns

3. Objectives of firms

V. The economic of scale

1. What is economic of scale

2. Internal economies of scale

3. External economies of scale

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经济学专业外语4. Other kinds of economies of scale

VI. Market structure

1. How to identify a market is made up

2. Market structure models

(1) Characteristics of each model

(2) Perfect Competition

(3) Monopolistic or Imperfect Competition

(4) Oligopoly

(5) Duopoly

(6) Monopoly

(7) Type of market structure influences how a firm behaves

Topics for discussion:

1. Business Growth - Motives, Objectives and Conflicts: Based on Philip Green and Marks and Spencer company

2. How would you describe the market structure of the low-cost airlines industry?

3. A haulage company is contemplating the purchase of a new fleet of units. They have a choice between two manufacturers. The first manufacturer offers a 35 ton 4 axle lorry with a carrying capacity of 33.6m3, whereas the second manufacturer is selling a 44 ton 6 axle unit with a carrying capacity of 76m3. The 35-ton unit is priced at ￡85,000 whereas the 44-ton unit is ￡120,000. The firm is looking at buying 6 units in total and they will all have to be the same type. What would be the most efficient lorry to buy and why?

4. How far does the theory of oligopoly match with the reality? A case study approach

Further reading:

1. Roger A. McCain, Essential Principles of Economics, Chapter 13, 17, 18, ( A Hypermedia Text, 2005)

2. Oligopolywatch - useful independent site with discussions and case studies about the nature of oligopoly, https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,

3. Competition Commission guidelines - see page 40 for a discussion on the nature of oligopolies [PDF, 602 KB]. The Competition Commission Web site will lead you to issues relating to a wide variety of industries, for example, the mobile phone industry.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/our_role/consultations/past/pdf/ebmarket.pdf

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1522 Lecture 4 Wages

Aim: This lesson aims to give students to understand the aspects of labor market flexibility, help the students to build their understanding of the importance and limitations of flexible labor markets in macroeconomic policy, encourage students to look at some key issues surrounding the factors determining pay and conditions and to build an understanding of the imperfections in the labor market that lead to discrimination, and get students to question and evaluate the relevance of the traditional model of the labor market when applying it to public sector workers.

Key points: labor market flexibility, demand for labor, supply of labor, labor markets.

Teaching hour: 3 hours

I. Labor Market Flexibility (1)

1. Employment Legislation

(1) Pay

(2) Benefits

(3) Holidays

(4) Maternity/Paternity

(5) Discrimination

(6) Disability and Diversity

2. EU Directives

(1) WTD

(2) Equal Pay

(3) Part-time workers

(4) Benefits in Employment

3. Geographical Mobility

(1) House Prices

(2) Housing Availability

(3) Re-location packages

(4) Cultural Divides

4. Occupational Mobility

(1) Qualifications

(2) Re-location

(3) Transferable Skills

5. Education and Training

(1) V ocational/academic

(2) Post-16

(3) Modern Apprenticeships

(4) V ocational training

(5) Government v in-house training

6. Poverty Trap

经济学专业外语

(1) Tax System

(2) Incentives

7. Benefit System

(1) Support or Crutch?

(2) Reform to reduce reliance

(3) Information

8. Trade Unions

(1) Legislation

(2) Membership

(3) Role

(4) Extent of Militancy

9. Infrastructure

(1) Technology

(2) Transport

(3) Information Exchange

(4) 'Hot-desking'

10. Hidden Costs

(1) Pensions

(2) National Insurance Costs

(3) Employment Regulations

(4) Minimum Wage Legislation

II. The Labor Market: Flexibility (2)

1. Demand for Labor (Employers)

(1) Cost of labor

(2) Diminishing Returns

(3) Pension Costs

(4) National Insurance Costs

(5) Productivity

(6) Marginal Physical Product

(7) Marginal Revenue Product

(8) Demand for the final product/service

(9) Number and closeness of substitutes

(10) Time period

2. Market Failure

(1) Geographical mobility

(2) Occupational mobility

(3) Trade Union power

(4) Discrimination

(5) Imperfect information

(6) 'Sticky' wage rates

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3. Flexibility

(1) Monopsony

(2) Employment laws

(3) Benefits system

(4) Housing availability

(5) Minimum Wage Legislation

4. Supply of Labor (Employees)

(1) Wage rates

(2) Population Size

(3) Population Structure

(4) Training and Education

(5) Skills

(6) Expertise

(7) Time period

(8) Income and substitution effects

(9) Opportunity cost

(10) Migration patterns

III. Influences on the Labor Market

1. Government

(1) Employment Legislation

(2) National Insurance Contributions (NICs)

(3) Tax rates

(4) Employment Subsidies

(5) Market Information (Job Centers)

(6) Benefit System

(7) Education Policy

(8) Minimum Wage Legislation

(9) Trade Union Legislation

2. Trade Unions

(1) Degree of Union Power

(2) Membership

(3) Role of TUs

3. External Influences

(1) Technology

(2) Nature of Business Activity

(3) Transport

(4) Social Trends

(5) Migration

4. Market Power

(1) Monopsony

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经济学专业外语

(2) Pay Review Bodies

(3) Pay Constraints

(4) Power of Labor

IV. The Labor Market: Supply and Demand

1. Demand for Labor

(1) By employers

(2) Derived demand

(3) Dependent on demand for product

(4) Productivity of Labor (MPP)

(5) Marginal Revenue Product (MRP)

2. Factor Earnings

(1)Transfer Earnings

(2) Economic Rent

3. Supply of Labor

(1) From Employees

(2) Geographical Mobility

(3) Occupational Mobility

(4) Discrimination

(5) Opportunity Cost

(6) Number of substitutes

Topics for discussion:

1. What is the difference between flexible working and flexible labor markets.

2. Identify the main causes of differences in pay between males and females.

3. Critically examine the factors which might explain the existence of a so called 'glass ceiling'.

3. What factors could affect the level of the demand and supply for teachers?

4. The market for teachers is not a free market. Use the links provided to find out how teachers' pay is determined and what the main structure of the teachers' salary scales is.

Further reading:

1. Read the paper written by Robert M. Solow entitled 'What is labour-market flexibility? What is it good for?',

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/pubs/src/keynes97/text1.html

2. EMU and labour market flexibility - from HM Treasury - the executive summary gives a useful overview of the main thrust of the report

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/documents/the_euro/assessment/studies/euro_assess03_studworcestershire .cfm

3. A panel of regional indicators of labour market flexibility - from Royal Holloway, University of London - some detailed statistics in parts but the overall conclusions are clear enough

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https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/esds/events/2003-10-21/documents/MonastiriotisPresentation_001.pdf

4. Labor market flexibility versus job security - from the New Economy Information Service https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/LaborFlexibility_Douglas.html

5. Smashing through the glass ceiling - from iVillage

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e118846438.html,/workcareer/workrights/discrim/articles/0,,211_161221,00.html

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经济学专业外语Part II Topics of Macroeconomics

Lecture 5 Introduction to Macroeconomics

Aim: The aim of this lesson is to encourage students to take an overview of the main policy instruments used in macroeconomics and to use the tools of macroeconomic analysis to develop higher order skills, and to investigate policy solutions to macroeconomic problems.

Key points: Microeconomics, Macroeconomic Goals, Monetary policy, Supply side policy, Fiscal policy. Teaching hour: 2 hours.

I. What is Macroeconomics

1. What is Macroeconomics?

2. Macroeconomic Goals

II. Monetary Policy

1. Central Bank and monetary policy

2. Short-term interest rates

III. Supply Side Policy

1. Incentives

2. Education and Training

3. Welfare Reform

4. Investment

5. Labor Market Reform

6. Technology improvements

7. Productivity/Efficiency

IV. Fiscal Policy

1. Government Income

(1) Tax Revenue

(2) Sale of Government Services

(3) Borrowing (PSNCR)

2. Government Expenditure

(1) Social Security

(2) Law and Order

(3) Emergency Services

(4) Health, Education

(5) Defense

(6) Foreign Aid

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(7) Environment, Agriculture

(8) Industry, Transport

(9) Regions, Culture, Media and Sport

Topics for discussion:

1. What are your priorities - would reducing poverty and homelessness be high on the list and what would be the cost of going some way to solving such problems?

2. What is likely to happen to the government's key economic targets and why?

3. Consider what non-economic objectives you are going to prioritize and why.

Further reading:

Roger A. McCain, Essential Principles of Economics, Chapter 28, 29, 35, 36, ( A Hypermedia Text, 2005) 1528

经济学专业外语

Lecture 6 Government Policy

Aim: This lesson seeks to encourage students to consider a series of arguments for a particular set of policy proposals that have wide ranging implications not only to the non-economic objectives of a government but also to the wider efficiency and equity of the economy as a whole.

Key points: Economic and non-economic objectives, Conflicts in Government Policy Objectives, Measures of Economic Performance, Government Intervention in Markets, Government failure. Teaching hour: 3 hours

I. Conflicts in Government Policy Objectives

1. Economic and non-economic objectives

2. Conflicts in Government Policy Objectives

(1) Inflation v Growth

(2) Aid v Trade

(3) Trade v Protection

(4) Employment v Inflation

(5) Interest Rates v Growth

(6) Interest Rates v Exchange Rates

(7) Public Services v Tax Cuts

(8) Welfare Benefits v Incentives

(9) Regulation v Market Freedom

(10) Growth v Sustainability

(11) International Aid v Domestic Priorities

II. Measures of Economic Performance

1. Economic Growth (GDP)

(1) Potential Growth

(2) Actual Growth

(3) Nominal Growth

(4) Real Growth

(5) Output Method

(6) Expenditure Method

(7) Income Method

(8) Production levels

(9) Productivity Levels

2. Inflation

(1) CIP (HICP)

(2) RPI

3. Unemployment

(1) Benefits measure

(2) International Labor Organization (ILO) measure

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4. Balance of Payments

(1) Trade in Goods

(2) Trade in Services

(3) Income

(4) Current Transfers

(5) Balance of Payments on Current Account

(6) Capital Transfers

(7) Financial Account

5. Exchange Rates

(1) Fixed Exchange Rates

(2) Managed Exchange Rates

6. Non Economic Measures

(1) Social Investment

(2) Environment

(3) Taxation

(4) Quality of Life

III. Government Intervention in Markets

1. Working Time Directive

2. Government Failure

3. National Minimum Wage

IV. Government failure

1. Government Steps In

(1) Shortages

(2) Surpluses

(3) Merit Goods

(4) Public Goods

(5) Protection

(6) Property Rights

(7) Poverty

(8) Public Welfare

2. How Do Government Step in

(1) Taxes

(2) Subsidies

(3) Regulation

(4) Legislation

(5) Direct Provision

(6) Granting Property Rights

3. Sources of Government Failure

(1) Market Distortions

(2) Welfare Impacts

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