时间副词“常常”与“通常”的用法及区

姓名：燕雪宁学号：3212001271 引言：在现代汉语中，常常、通常都是使用频率极高的词语，在具体的语用中，有时两个可以相互替换，如：他常常/通常不睡午觉；我们常常/通常六点半起床。但有时，他们之间却好像有严格的规则，不能替换使用，如：我通常（*常常）半学期回一次家；最近，我常常（*通常）叹气。由此可见，常常和通常既有联系又有差别，并且不论母语使用者还是留学生都会偶尔使用错误，因此，有必要研究二者的区别。

一、词典中对二者的注释及对比

（1）对“常常”的解释。《现代汉语虚词例释》：副词，表示行为、动作屡次发生，强调行为、动作的经常性。《现代汉语词典》：副词，事情的发生不止一次，而且时间相隔不久。

（2）对“通常”的解释。《现代汉语虚词例释》：副词，是“在一般情况下的”的意思。《现代汉语词典》：形容词，一般、平常。

（3）二者对比。

由词典对二者的注释我们大致可以得知：“常常”词性只是副词，表示某种情况屡次发生，“通常”词性可以是副词，也可以是形容词，表示某事物在一般情况下是怎样。

《现代汉语虚词词典》认为“常常”主要表示行为、情况经常性或者经常性地发生；“通常”主要表示行为、情况有规律，不论是在一段时间，还是在很长时间内，有规律地发生，多指在平常较长一段时间内。

所以“常常”能表述的只是一般的事实，而“通常”蕴含某种对比；“常常”多指在不长的时间内不止一次出现某种动作行为,“通常”多指带有规律性的动作行为。

二、从例句中得分析二者的异同

A、同：

1、王芳和黎明常常在这家饭店吃饭。

2、一年来，他常常天不亮就起床。

3、我们通常下午去游泳。

4、教室的灯，通常都是开着的。

5、他吃饭常常喜欢放很多辣椒。

通过上面的句子可以看出，“常常”和“通常”都表示事件、行为或状态在某段时间内极度频繁地出现、发生，二者的意义接近，因此把上面例句中的“常常”和“通常”互换后，句子依然成立。

也就是说，在二者都是表示某事件、行为或者状态在某时间段内频繁出现或者发生的时候，二者用法是相同的，可以交换使用。

B、异：

“通常”和“常常”有相同点，但是，他们更多是不同点。通过参考文献，查阅资料得出，二者在句法特征和句式语义上不同点比较明显。

a、“常常”和“通常”在句中的位置。

1、高耸的大楼通常给人庄严的印象。

2、通常我只吃一小碗饭。

3、我常常去学校门口吃饭。

4、通常江门的空气很好。

5、图书馆常常不开空调。

由例句可以得出，“常常”经常用在主语后，修饰后面的动词短语，几乎不用在主语前修饰整个句子。而“通常”既可修饰动词短语，也可修饰整个句子。因此，“通常”既常用于主语后，也常用于主语前。二者在句中的位置受限不同。

b、“常常”可以与单独的动词连用，也可以跟动宾离合词或动宾词组结合。

1、引用：雷环山像只虎，但常常笑，又笑得仁和，像一只披着袈裟的老虎；而左处长，则像只栖鹰，冷，像一只不知有着什么深仇大恨的鹰。（凌非《天囚》）

2、引用：记者常常想，京郊的乡镇企业能不能引进些新的经营方式呢？（《北京日报》1997年4月19日）

3、我常常失眠。

4、他的胃病最近常常发作。

5、我由于常常流泪，眼睛患上了沙眼。

以上句子中的“常常”不可以替换为“通常”。周小兵认为，“常常”既可以与单独的动词连用，也可以跟动宾离合词或动宾词组结合。在对大量语料进行考察之后发现，“常常”后面可以修饰单音节谓词或限制简单述语。如：“常常想”“常常说”“常常问”等等。文献中提到，“常常”之所以可以修饰光杆动词，是因为“常常”主要用于说明动作发生的频率，单纯地对某一行为进行说明，因此，在某些情况下，“常常”可以与光杆动词连用，不需要句子的其他成分来修饰限定，但“通常”不可以。

c、含有“通常”的句子多数用于表示行为或事件具有规律性。

如“通常我晚上要看一会儿书才睡觉。”这里，“通常”表明晚上睡觉前看书是具有规律性的事件，一般情况下不会改变。而在句子“晚上睡觉前常常要看一会儿书”中，“常常”表示睡觉前看书是经常发生的，但偶尔也会不看，不具有规律性。因此，“通常”经常用在表示规律的“通常看来”“通常认为”等表达中。再比如：

1、通常看来，只有坚持的人才能取得最后的胜利。

2、通常来说，这个时候更加需要勇气。

3、通常认为，人的性格受家庭影响较大。

“通常”是对整个事件进行说明，陈述对某一件事情的认识，说明规律性的问题。而且“通常”仅用于过去或现在发生的带有规律性的事件，不用于表达将来的意愿，但是“常常”既可陈述过去、现在发生的事情，也可表达将来的意愿。二者在使用以及时间意义上也不同。

结语：本文对“常常”和“通常”的异同点进行了分析比较，得知“常常”和“通常”都表示事件、行为或状态在某段时间内极度频繁地出现、发生，此时二者的意义接近相似。二者的差异主要体现在“常常”经常用在主语后，修饰后面的动词短语；“常常”既可陈述过去、现在发生的事情，也可表达将来的意愿，并且“常常”后面可以修饰单音节谓词或限制简单述语，如：“常常想”“常常说”“常常问”等等。相比较之下，“通常”既常用于主语后，也常用于主语前；“通常”仅用于过去或现在发生的带有规律性的事件，不用于表达将来的意愿；“通常”不可以与光杆动词连用，因为“通常”是对整个事件进行描述，并非单纯修饰动作行为。在日后使用或教学中，可以更加清楚二者的区别。

英语中副词及用法

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(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的分类汇编附解析

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中考英语知识点：关系副词where的用法

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Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom 代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如： Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗 This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格 who 代替了宾格 whom，亦可省略） whose 一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如： The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗（关系代词 whose 指代先行词 hotel，正式用法应该用 of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。）中考英语知识点：关系副词when 的用法关系副词 when 代替的先行词表示的是时间，when 在定语从句作时间状语。例如： In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.

(英语)初中英语副词提高训练

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初中英语语法知识—副词的分类汇编含解析(1)

一、选择题 1．People will have ________free time because robots will help us do ________. A．fewer; more B．more; more C．less; more 2．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 3．Who jumped ________, Tom or Jack? A．the farthest B．furthest C．farther D．the farther 4．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.—Oh, please tell her to call me_______ because I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 5．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 6．Of the three boys over there, John sings English songs ________. A．more beautiful B．the most beautiful C．more beautifully D．the most beautifully 7．—Sarah always asks “Where’s my mother?”. —After all (毕竟), she is _______ three years old. She needs mother. A．then B．always C．only 8．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 9．—Mom,let's have a rest.I can't walk on. —You get tired __________.You need more exercise. A．easily B．slowly C．freely D．quietly 10．Millie is good at singing .She sings________the famous singer CoCo. A．as good as B．as the best as C．as well as D．as better as 11．Han Han’s books are_______ w ritten and sell______. A．good ; good B．good ; well C．well; well D．well ; good 12．My mother ________ at five o’clock. A．usually gets B．usually gets up C．gets up usually D．get usually up 13．—Remember, ________ you do your homework, ________ mistakes you will make. —OK, Mom. A．the more careful; the less B．the more carefully; the less C．the more carefully; the fewer 14．—How was your trip to the British Museum? —I spoke no English and was _______ silent during the visit. A．completely B．peacefully C．patiently D．carefully

【英语】初中英语副词技巧(很有用)及练习题含解析

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