完形真题-5

完形真题-5
完形真题-5

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter __8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__ the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11__ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12__ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___ they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also ___14__ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ___19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

1.[A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like

2.[A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce

3.[A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining

4.[A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe

5.[A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable

6.[A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief

7.[A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected

8.[A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes

9.[A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance

10.[A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal

11.[A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for

12.[A] with [B] on [C] in [D] at

13.[A unless [B] until [C] if [D] because

14.[A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] suppresses

15.[A] into [B] from [C] towards [D] beyond

16.[A] fetch [B] bite [C] pick [D] hold

17.[A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent

18.[A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted

19.[A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing

20.[A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similarly [D] Conversely

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语试题答案及解析

Section Ⅰ Use of English

答案解析

1.【答案】C

【解析】众所周知,Use of English实际上就是四、六级考试中的完形填空。它虽然考查三个方面的内容(词汇辨析、词组搭配和语法现象),但从实质上讲它本来是一篇完整的文

章,人为地分开,设置了一些障碍,让你把这篇文章还原而已。所以,完形填空的最大技巧是要有全局观、要注意文章的完整形态。因此,解此类题除要有词汇、词组和语法的基本功以外,做题时一定要瞻前顾后,注意上下文语意的连贯性:这才是解题的精髓和真谛。

第一题全是介词,并不难懂, A.在…之间B.除了C.尽管D.像…一样,但放在文章里看,只有C是转折关系。文章的意思是:尽管有不同的看法(即,像亚里士多德一样认为大笑有益身体),但其实大笑对身体影响并不是很大。(见以下中文译文)。

2.【答案】D

【解析】词汇性考题(注意:近几年考研,词汇性考题所占比重越来越大,远远超过词组和语法问题)。A.反映B.要求C.表明D.制造;造成。这种词汇性考题,不牵涉语法,纯粹考单词意思,哪一个最合适用哪一个就行了。依据文章,此处选D:笑对心血管的功能的确能造成一些影响——

3.【答案】B

【解析】——比如提高心跳率和耗氧量等。此处选B.boosting提高,提升。其它A.稳定C.损害D.决定,均不合题意。还是考词汇量的,与语法无关。

4.【答案】B

【解析】仍为词汇考题:A.发射B.维持C.评估D.观察;遵守。根据上下文题意选B,其它几个讲不通。(参见下面中文译文)

5. 【答案】A

【解析】词汇性考题A.可测量的B.能管理的C.负担得起的D.可再生的。

6. 【答案】B

【解析】这一次,是词组性考题:A.轮流B.实际上C.此外D.简而言之。依据上下文,应该选B.

7. 【答案】A

【解析】词汇考题A.相反的B.不可能的C.平均的D.预料中的。据上下文,A.

8. 【答案】D

【解析】词汇考题A.硬化B.削弱C.绷紧D.放松,选D.

9. 【答案】C

【解析】大家知道为什么词汇考题占大多数吗?因为国家命题组的专家们认为,语法问题同学们在高中都已基本上解决了,大学生学英语已经主要是一个词汇量的问题了。A.恶化B.产生C.减缓D.加强。原文:Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress.意思:可以料想,(大笑后的)这种身体反应可能有助减缓放松精神的压力。

10. 【答案】A

【解析】词汇题。A.身体的B.思想的C.下意识的D.内部的。依义,选A.

11.【答案】B

【解析】词组性考题A.除了B.依据C.由于D.至于,依上下文意思,选B.

12.【答案】C

【解析】这一次,四个介词都很简单,那就是考查语法了:看你对介词的用法掌握如何?文章说:“按照某一心情研究的经典理论,我们的感情是部分植根于我们的身体反应的。”(植根于:rooted in sth)

13. 【答案】D

【解析】还是考语法,看你对连词的掌握如何?四个词中,只有最后一个表示因果关系。文章意思是:19世纪末期就有人强辩说:人类并不是因为悲伤才哭泣而是当眼泪开始往下掉时才变得悲伤的。

14. 【答案】C

【解析】词汇性考题A.精疲力竭B.紧随C.先于D.压制。文章:虽然也许悲伤会先于泪水,但亦有证据表明情绪也可能会反向起作用。

15. 【答案】B

【解析】考查介词用法。Flow from 从…流向…;原文意思:虽然也许悲伤会先于泪水,但亦有证据表明情绪也可能会反向起作用:从身体流向大脑。(意思是:你高兴时当然会笑,但当你不高兴时只管硬着头皮大笑,有时也会高兴起来的)。

16. 【答案】D

【解析】词汇A.取B.咬C.摘D.握住,夹住,咬住,等等。选D.

17. 【答案】A

【解析】词汇A.失望的,沮丧的B.激动的C.高兴的D.冷漠的。选A.

18. 【答案】D

【解析】词组考题:A.adapted to适应B.catered to迎合C.turned to转向D.reacted to对…作出反应。选D. 那些被迫展现笑姿的人们对可笑的卡通画的反应比那些嘴唇收拢表情沮丧者更为积极。这就表明了表情也会反过来影响心情的.

19. 【答案】A

【解析】词汇题:A.表明;建议;认为;B.要求C.提及D.假设。选A.

20. 【答案】C

【解析】词汇题A.最终B.因此C.类似;同样;D.相反。选C.最末一句是:同样,大笑这种身体行为也可能会改善你的心情的。

全文翻译

古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“对健康非常宝贵的一种身体锻炼”。尽管别人也有过一些类似的看法,但笑可能实际上对我们身体健康的影响并不是很大:笑对心血管的功能的确能带来一些影响——比如提高心跳率和耗氧量等,但因为开怀大笑很难持久,所以,大笑一场不太可能带来像比如说走路或跑步那样可以测量得到的好处。

实际上,笑不仅不能像运动那样绷紧和锻炼强化肌肉,它反而很明显能做一些相反的事情。早在1930年代所做的研究就已经表明:笑可以放松肌肉。甚至在大笑过后45分钟,还能使肌肉的绷紧度有所减缓。

可以料想,(大笑后的)这种身体反应可能有助放松精神的压力。无论怎么说吧,大笑这种行为也许的确可以造成一些(除身体锻炼之外的)别的方面的身体反应以改进人们的心情。按照某一心情研究的经典理论,我们的感情是部分植根于我们的身体反应的。19世纪末期就有人争辩说:人类并不是因为悲伤才哭泣而是当眼泪开始往下掉时才变得悲伤的。

虽然也许悲伤会先于泪水,但亦有证据表明情绪也可能会反向起作用:从身体肌肉反应(流向大脑)。在1988年所进行的一次试验中,德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨·施特劳克让志愿者们或者用牙齿或者用嘴唇夹咬住铅笔分别造成人为的笑意或沮丧表情。那些被迫展现笑姿的人们对可笑的卡通画的反应比那些嘴唇收拢表情沮丧者更为积极。这就表明了表情也会反过来影响心情的而不总是相反。同样,大笑这种身体行为也可能会改善你的心情的。

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