如何准备CET中的“复合式听写”

全国“大学英语四级统考于97年6月首次采用了“复合式听写”（Compound Dictation）这一题型，它比听力选择题更强调语言综合运用能力，考生不仅要具有良好的听的能力，还应具有较强的拼写能力，记笔记能力和书面表达能力，听的能力是“复合式听写，”的基础，听写训练已有较多的书刊进行过介绍和研究。

笔者打算结合自己的教学体会谈谈如何提高“复合式听写”的能力和应试方法。

1．通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意

“复合式听写”材料多为说明文（Exposition），这一体裁的文章具不主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句（topic sentence），之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。根据“复合式听写”样题，听写第二部分二、三自然段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。考生应利用一切机会，如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间，浏览试卷该项下文字部分，尤其是主题句，根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。

以样题为例，根据第二段未题句“Often people like to take with them a gift for the host’s wife of a party they have been invited to.”及"Again, you may choose something for teh host’s wife alone or for the entire family." 考生不难推测所记要点应是作客时，客人应带些什么礼品及所赠对象，而决不会涉及作客时应穿什么样的服装或到、离主人家时间等方面的内容，这样便增强了考生对文章的认知度）熟悉感。缩小了内容范围，考生听音时更具针对性和准确性，心理放松，更为自信，使自己在考试中处于主动地位。

即使“复合式听写”材料为其它体裁的文章，听音前浏览下试题也大大有裨益。因为文章具有一致性和连贯性的特点，从试题中我们总会搜索到一些有参考价值的材料。

2，听写结合，双管齐下

根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已测览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅，要做好“复合式听写”，考生需多多实践，获取较强的边听边记能力。听音贯穿着期待、预知、分析、综合。推理和判断等一系列过程，考生应同时快速记下几个关键词，而在记笔记时，又要能有效；专注地去听，获取信息理解全文。

听写中边听边记具有必要性，听为手段，写为目的；听和记两种不同的语言技能在‘复合式听写”中有着紧密的联系，相互促进。第一遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆，提示要点，同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务，使笔记更加充实、完整，依次与出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。另一方面，边听边记也具有可行性，试想学主听外籍教师上课，听了一遍不是也可记下授课要点吗？只要多加练习，其实也不难做到。

3．提高记笔记的效率

一般考生听完两汤基本可听懂句意；但只凭记忆写要点，往往容易有疏漏和错误。足够信息量的笔记是写好要点的重要条件；但如何在有限的时间内记录下更多的内容呢？这里介绍几种方法。

首先，可使用缩略语。仍以样题为例，可用esp.代especially，sth代something,apprec代appreciation等。没有缩略语的词汇，如字母较少的单词，可完整写出该词，如gift,take，字母较多的单词（只写该词前几个字母；这里的基本要求是快速；省时，并能表达含义。缩略语不一定要求规范，甚室可用些符号，所记内容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。其次，由于“复合式听写”第二部分朗读时没有停顿，即使使甩缩略语也难记下全文，因此考生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能，而虚词多具语法功能，所记词应以实词为主。

另外，因为“复合式听写”第二部分只要求写出内容要点，这样考生应重点记下

句中的中心词。(同样以样题为例）短语a thank-you gift、greatlyappreciated 和quite ;acceptable中的定、状语便可略去不记。

通过这几种方法，考生大大压缩了所记的词语，赢得了时间，精练了内容，增大了笔记的信息量，为写好内容要点创造了条件。

4.书面表达内容要点

“复合式听写”全文朗读两遍后停顿五分钟，让考生根据所听和所记内容写出第二部分主要意思。答题时，考生应针对以上内容及第一部分和第二部分的主题句进行诊折、判断，概括。文章要点显然不可缺漏，但也无需有闻必录，多多益善，考生应分清主次，有所取爱，从这个意义上说，“复合式听写”还要求考生具有一定的逻辑分析。归纳能力。文字表达应简洁、通顺、准确。分析样题参考答案，我们不难发现它有以下特点：

1．将内容要点分列为几点，清楚明白，一目了然。

2．要点尽可能用完整的简单句表达，不宜用短语，句式也不宜过手复杂。3．尽量省去语句中可有可无的修饰成份。

总而言之，考生应用有限的词语简洁明了地概括出所听内容的全部要点，使内容要点和语言表达达到有机的完美统一。

5．检查、核对内容要点

“复合式听写”第三遍朗读供考生进行核对，核对是最后必不可少的环节，考生应抓住时机弥补前两遍听音时所忽略或遗漏的内容，进一步修改和完善自己的答案。

听写第一部分要求考生填人所缺单词，有时考生只凭辩音仍难以准确地判断出应为何词，此时考生可运用自己的语言知识，修正听力细节上的不足。主要可以从语法结构，词语搭配、意义连贯、上下文等多角度去推测。分析和判断；并正确拼写出单词。而在核对听写第二部分内容要点表达时、则应注意力求要点完整、准确，尽量减少语言中语法、拼写等错误。

听写是一种有效的综合性测试，可以考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等多方面的要素和技能，研究人员发现听写成绩与许多其它技能的相关系数很高。笔者深信全面打好语言基本功是提高听写能力的重要途径，但听写训练具有自身的科学性和技巧性，多练加巧练则定可取得事半功倍的成效。

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