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托福大作文的写作一直以来都是考生的难点，其原因主要有2个方面：第一个在于考生对托福写作话题是否“有话可说”，即是否对某一话题有自己的想法，并有合适的论据进行逻辑严密的论证；第二个在于考生是否积累有充足的写作词汇和短语，游刃有余地用英语表达出自己的想法。

针对学生语料库薄弱（第二种）的情况，我在这里按照话题（本期为健康环境类）总结整理了一系列有用的表达方式，可有效帮助学生备考。

Accessible 易接近的，可到达的

Cityscape 都市风景

Acid 酸性物质

Condition 条件，环境

Antiseptic 防腐剂

Congest 使密集，拥塞

Beautification 美化，装饰

Conserve 保护，保存，保藏

Begrimed 污秽的

Contaminant 致污物，污染物

Contaminate 污染

Biodegradable 生物所能分解的

Blameworthy 应受谴责的

Convenient 便利的，方便的

Bucolic 田园的，农村生活的

Depersonalization 变得失去人性的，变得漠然的

Cancer 癌症

Chemical-waste 化工废料

Durable 持久的，耐用的

Ecology 生态学

Emit 排放

Ecosystem 生态系统

Desertification 沙漠化

Exhaust 用尽，耗尽；排气；废弃

Fume 烟

Gene 基因

Garbage 垃圾，废物

Pesticide 农药

Picturesque 迷人的

Preserve 保护，保存

Radioactivity 放射性

Rarity 稀有

Recyclable 可循环的

Rubbish 垃圾，废物

Ruin （使）坠落，毁灭，毁掉

Wildlife 野生动植物

Worsen （使）变得更坏，恶化

Ecosystem\ ecological system 生态系统

Be exhausted 被耗尽的

Rare animal 稀有动物

Environmental pollution 环境污染

Food contamination\pollution 食品污染

食品污染

Atmospheric pollution 大气污染

White pollute 白色污染

Water body pollution 水体污染

Disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡Environmental degradation 环境恶化

Global warming 全球变暖

Disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡Energy shortage 能源短缺

Sustainable development 可持续发展Conserve natural habitats 保护自然栖息地Environmental awareness 环保意识

Regular physical exercise 有规律的锻炼

Stay in a good mood 保持好心情

Get into a good living habit 养成良好的生活习惯Physical constitution 身体素质

Nutrition and health care 营养与保健

Live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处Keep the balance of ecology 保持生态平衡Sand storm 沙尘暴

Resource exhaustion 资源枯竭

Conserve natural resources 保护自然资源Shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺

Natural preservation zone 自然保护区Endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种Environmentally friendly 环保的

Food chain 食物链

Irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害

Light pollution 光污染

Municipal refuse 城市垃圾

Municipal sewage 城市污水

Vicious circle 恶性循环

Waste gas 废气

Health care food 保健食品

Dairy products 牛奶产品

Improve the quality 提高质量

Health facilities 卫生设施

pose a threat to health对健康构成潜在威胁be in short supply供应不足

chemical pollutant化学污染物

water-saving habit节水的习惯

distribution of water水的分布

water conservation水资源保护

water shortage水资源短缺

drinking water饮用水

hazardous material有害物质

at risk在危险中

be exhausted被耗尽

urban garbage城市垃圾

achieve high efficiency达到高效

on-the-spot fine当场处罚

be unfriendly to the environment对环境不利

environmental degradation环境恶化

a fire hazard火灾隐患

litter collection and disposal垃圾的回收和处理

garbage classification垃圾分类

ruin the environment破坏环境

promote the public awareness of environmental protection; arouse people's awareness of environmental protection提高大众的环保意识

take stronger and harsher measures采取强有力的措施

finite resource有限资源

computer monitoring system电脑监控系统

relieve the traffic congestion缓解交通阻塞的压力

accelerate the flow of traffic加快车流量

traffic law and regulation交通法规

lack adequate awareness认识不够

spoil the image有损形象

observe traffic regulation 遵守交通法规

remedial measure补救性措施

acute disease急性病

chronic disease慢性病

densely-populated人口密集的

conductive to good health有益健康的

fatal disease致命的疾病

be used intensively广泛的采用

figure out a feasible solution想出一个可行的解决方法

a generally acknowledged fact一个公认的事实

make something a top priority是某事成为当务之急

Forged and fake commodities 假冒伪劣商品

Keep market in good order 保持市场良好秩序

Optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境

Cultivate\develop healthy habits in daily life 在日常生活中培养健康的习惯

Improve the health of the people 提高人民健康水平

Violate the rules of nature 违反自然规律

Suffer a calamity 遭受灾害

Make preparations against natural disaster 为预防自然灾害做准备

Ecological construction 生态建设

Environmental greening 环境绿化

Think young and stay young 精神年轻就能保持年轻

Keep active, alert and open-minded 保持积极向上、机敏和开朗

The problems of the world water resources 世界水资源问题

Limitable\limited resources 有限的资源

Make full use of our nature conditions 最大限度地利用我们的自然条件

Put particular emphasis on the preservation of natural resources 重视保护自然资源

The effect of physical environment upon man’s life 自然环境对人类生活的影响

Utilize all available resources/put all available resources to use 利用一切可能的资源

Bring unnecessary destruction to natural resources 对自然资源造成不必要的破坏

曾铎老师：研究生毕业于英国爱丁堡大学（2014年排名全球第17位）莫雷学院TESOL （对外英语教学）专业。在英国期间，曾老师曾在沃尔奥特小学担任语言课老师，并在孔子学院从事教学工作，深入研究英国文化，将切身体会融入到英语教学当中。由于对语言教育的热爱和过硬的专业素质，她还成为中国汉语办储备老师，曾公派出国进行国际交流与教学工作。曾铎老师主张将英语作为一个整体来提高，而不是生硬地将英语割裂为听说读写四大板块。

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智课网TOEFL备考资料

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Enhanced Smarts 变聪明 Wow, this may be the most obvious statement of the post, right? Well, it turns out that reading helps in almost every area of smarts. Those that read have higher GPA’s, higher intelligence, and general knowledge than those that don’t. In Anne E. Cunningham’s paper What Reading Does for the Mind (pdf version), she found that reading, in general, makes you smarter, and it keeps you sharp as you age. No matter what you’re wanting to do or become, you can’t do it without more knowledge. Reading is an excellent way to get where you’re wanting to go. 2 Reading reduces stress 减少压力 When I’m reading a book, my mind shifts gears. Where I might have a had a stressful day, a book can easily distract me. Fiction is fantastic for this.Reading an awesome fiction book is perfect right before bed time. Though sometimes it’s hard to put the book down if it’s really good. Still, you’ll be relaxed . 3 Greater tranquility 多一点宁静

2018_2019年10月托福写作真题汇总

1.1026：Which of the following ways do you think is the best for a person to find a job? ask opinions or seek advice of others; write a letter or send applications to the companies; find information on the internet or the publications. 1.1019: Pompeii古城在地下完好无损，挖掘后倒塌的原因 Since it works well to use technology (like computers) in school days some people think that the time young students (6-12 years old) spend using technology in school should not be limited; while others claim that there are disadvantages and the time should be limited (one hour or less). Which do you prefer? 1.0922: 探险队员铅中毒源头是否是罐装食品(TPO28) Some companies provide important products or service but also damage the environment. Some people believe that government should require more penalty higher tax and larger fine of these companies while others believe there are better ways. Which do you prefer? 1.0927下午场：考拉(20190113；20190907) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: When some students enter university they have poor study habits. Some people think that the university should require students to take courses on study habits. (20190907) 1.0927上午场：buy food from local store. The town government has got some money to develop a piece of land. Which one of the following is better? The land should be developed into a garden that everyone in the town can enjoy or a sports field for the students in the high school who don’t have one. 1.0907: 考拉decline及threats (farming; automobiles; fencing & dog attack) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When some students enter university they have poor study habits. Some people think that the university should require students to take courses on study habits. 1.0901: congestion price解决交通问题 1.0825：建Irish towers的三个目的

2017年托福写作独立真题按话题分类

?日期教育/学习/学校（19道） 2017/1/14As a student of university that has a long break between university semesters, the university requires all students to do one of the following for one month during the break: 1. Students must take a course on the subject that has no direct connection to their majors of study ( For example, a student majoring in engineering may take course in ?ne arts or social science.) 2. Students must volunteer to work in the university’s city or their hometowns to improve some aspects of life of the city or their own town.( For example, students may help local primary school children with their homework.) Which one do you think is more bene?cial for students in their university? Why? 2017/3/25Which ONE of the following factors do you believe is most important in helping students succeed in their studies at college or university? Why? 1. Having access at the university to tutors who can provide individual instruction for students who have di?culty with schoolwork 2. Having the support and encouragement of family and friends while attending university 3. Receiving a high-quality education from excellent teachers while in high school 2017/4/23Some young people are free in the evenings or have days o? at school, which way can bring them the most bene?t? 1. to accumulate work experience by a part-time job or volunteering in a community 2. learning to play a sport 3. learning to play a musical instrument 2017/5/20At some universities, students are allowed to take part in deciding issues that a?ect everyone in their daily life on campus such as how many hours that libraries should be open each day or what kinds of food should be served in the cafeteria. But at some other universities, experts are hired to make these decisions while students almost never involved. Which approach do you prefer and why? 2017/6/3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One can learn a lot about a person from the type of friends this person has. 2017/7/2The city wants to help teachers of its high school students (ages 14—18) improve their teaching. It is considering two choices: 1. Choose a group of excellent teachers; these teachers will attend a class led by an expert for additional training in how to teach e?ectively, and they will then come back to their schools and provide that training for the other teachers in the school. 2. Provide additional training in teaching e?ectively for all high school teachers, using online material that each teacher will study individually. Which one of these plans would you support? Why? 2017/7/15 上午场Students aged 13-18 are taught di?erent subjects by di?erent teachers while younger students are taught by only one teacher all day long. Some people suggest it would bene?t young students to be taught by di?erent teachers. Do you agree with this view? Why or why not? 2017/9/9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Your friend has the opportunity to choose either one of two types of major ?eld of study, which one would you suggest your friend to choose and why? 1.A major that would allow him to complete and get a degree faster (so that your friend could start working full-time sooner). 2.A major that requires many years of study but would provide him with more employment opportunities and job o?ers in the future. 2017/9/16Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games for fun and entertainment; playing simple toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children’s development. Do you agree or disagree? 2017/9/17High school students now cheat more than before in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most e?ective way to stop this phenomenon? 1. asking parents to monitor (signing homework to prove no cheating involved) 2. increasing penalty or punishment to the students who cheat 3. asking teacher to create homework assignment in which students can hardly cheat 2017/9/23Many universities are trying to help new students adapt to the life on campus. If you were a new college student, which of the following do you prefer to participate in? - Attending a one-week orientation or introduction program on campus, and it will begin before you have classes. - Meeting regularly in your ?rst year with a student in your major who has been in the university for several years.