永别了,武器 中文简介及英文summary

永别了,武器 中文简介及英文summary
永别了,武器 中文简介及英文summary

The novel, a love story, draws heavily on Hemingway's experiences as a young soldier in Italy. It tells the story of Lieutenant Frederic Henry, a young American ambulance driver serving in the Italian army during World War I. Henry falls in love with the British nurse Catherine Barkley. After he is wounded at the front by a trench mortar shell, she tends to him in the hospital during his recuperation, and their relationship develops. His recuperation and romance with the now pregnant Catherine ends abruptly when Henry must return to the front. Henry narrowly escapes death at the hands of fanatical Italian soldiers, who are executing officers separated from their troops during the Italians' disastrous retreat following the Battle of Caporetto. He finds Catherine, and after a sojourn in an Italian resort, the couple flees to Switzerland on the eve of Henry's arrest for deserting. In Switzerland, their child is born dead, and Catherine dies shortly after due to hemorrhages. A Farewell to Arms is an excellent example of the simple, terse prose style that made Hemingway famous.

《永别了,武器》是美国诺贝尔文学奖获得者海明威的主要作品之一。美国青年弗瑞德里克·亨利在第一次世界大战后期志愿参加红十字会驾驶救护车,在意大利北部战线抢救伤员。在一次执行任务时,亨利被炮弹击中受伤,在米兰医院养伤期间得到了英国籍护士凯瑟琳的悉心护理,两人陷入了热恋。亨利伤愈后重返前线,随意大利部队撤退时目睹战争的种种残酷景象,毅然脱离部队,和凯瑟琳会合后逃往瑞士。结果凯瑟琳在难产中死去。海明威根据自己的参战经历,以战争与爱情为主线,吟唱了一曲哀婉动人的悲歌,曾多次被搬上银幕,堪称现代文学的经典名篇。

故事梗概

第一次世界大战爆发了,年轻的弗雷德里克·亨利应征入伍,他是一个相貌英俊、身材高大的美国人,被派往意大利前线的一个战地救护队任中尉。由于他为人和善,平易近人,在军队中有很好的声望。在一次进攻前夕,亨利休假后返回前线,他的好友雷纳尔告诉他自己认识了一个英军医院的美丽护士凯瑟琳,在雷纳尔的引见下,亨利和凯瑟琳一见如故。

凯瑟琳的心灵曾经受到极大的伤害,她的未婚夫在一次战役中阵亡了,生命的意义对于她来说更为深刻,她十分珍视每个人的生命,更为亨利的安全担心了。借救护队往返于前线医院运送伤员的间隙,亨利常去看望凯瑟琳,慢慢地亨利真的陷入了情网随着战事的紧张,总攻就要开始了,出发前凯瑟琳将一枚圣安东尼圣像送给了亨利,保佑他平安归来。

死神在战场上狰狞着,一次,当亨利同几个意大利救护队的司机在前线地下掩蔽室吃饭时,一发炮弹在他们的身边炸响了,亨利的腿部受了重伤被送往野战医院,随后转入了米兰一所新设立的美国医院,几天后,亨利和凯瑟琳不期而遇,她是奉命调到这家医院来工作的。意外的重逢使他们很快坠入了爱河。凯瑟琳在亨利治疗期间一直陪伴着他,他们尽可能找机会呆在一起,不知道这样的日子会持续多久,而亨利由于英勇受伤被提名授予银质奖章。在凯瑟琳的服侍下亨利逐渐痊愈,爱情也逐渐加深。两人一块到郊外散步,一块乘马车去乡间兜风或做短途旅行。

夏去秋来,前线战争不断失利,亨利的伤口也已完全愈合,亨利本来该归队了,幸好他得了黄疸病,又延长了假期。可是离别的日子在不紧不慢中终于还是来了,就在这节骨眼上凯瑟琳怀孕了。在一个阴雨绵绵的日子,凯瑟琳把亨利送上驰往前线的列车。亨利祈祷着:“愿上帝保有她和我的小凯瑟琳。”

重新回到部队,亨利心里老是想到凯瑟琳,感觉空荡荡的,他越来越厌恶这场倒霉的战争。气候越来越恶劣,战争的形势也越来越坏,他们经常到前沿阵地转运伤员。不久,他们设的防线被德军突破了。师部奉命下达大撤退的命令。

亨利他们负责护送三辆救护车撤往波达诺涅,一路上苦不堪言,整只队伍嘈嘈杂杂,绵延数里缓慢的向前移动,不时还有敌机袭击,庞大的队伍犹如一盘散沙,没有人可以驾驭得了,部队中出现了逃兵,车子也陷入了泥中,他们不得不弃车跋涉。在一座桥上,亨利看见一辆德军汽车和德大部队正通过这条河上游的一座大桥。他们已处于敌人的占领区了,在东躲西藏绕过德军之后,他们终于可以看见尤汀了。但亨利一行人中的一个却被误认为敌军而遭意大利狙击手击毙。其他人进退两难,只好躲进一间农棚中,直到觉得比较安全了,他们才绕过尤汀加入到向塔格利亚门托河方向撤退的大部队中。但他们已属于违抗军令了。

那时,意大利军队纯粹成了一群狂乱的乌合之众。士兵们高呼着“和平万岁”,纷纷扔掉武器四散回家。军官们也撕掉了袖子的军衔标记。意大利当局派战地警察在塔格利亚门托河一座长木桥尾进行拦截。亨利看到许多向他一样的“俘虏”被草率地审问几句就以“擅离职守”的罪名枪毙了。他瞅准机会跃入河中。冰冷的河水使他浑身发抖,但更冷的是他的心,他在心里默默地说:“一切都结束了,我的愤怒在河里洗掉了,任何责任与义务也一同洗掉了,再见了,战场!永别了,武器!”他抓住一块木板并顺利上了岸。他日夜兼程地赶往米兰那家他曾养伤的医院,心中只想着找到凯瑟琳。

不巧的是,凯瑟琳两天前刚去了斯特雷扎。几经周折后,他们终于重逢了,劫后余生使他们真正懂得了爱情的份量和幸福的珍贵,他们决定隐居到乡下,但是仍旧躲不过米兰宪兵的追查,不得已他们逃往中立国瑞士。

晚秋和冬天,亨利和凯瑟琳两人住在离蒙特勒不远的一家小旅店里,他们一块散步、读书,商讨战争结束后应该做些什么,两人都在焦急地等待着孩子的降生。就在他们要度过这冬天最寒冷的日子的时候,凯瑟琳住进了医院,一种不祥的预感弥漫在亨利的心头,一天过去了,凯瑟琳仍处于昏迷之中,医生虽然做了最后的努力,仍旧未能挽救凯瑟琳和婴儿的生命,命运无情地夺走了他所爱的人,将他一个人留在凄风苦雨中,漠然茫视悲凉的人生。

英文summary写作范例

Article Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong William Kilpatrick Many of today 's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension ( 道德层 面 ) to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that 's true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews ( 回避 ) teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision - making, ” was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. ( 品格教 育 )” Character education didn 't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel ( 浪费时间重新发明早已存 在的道德标准); instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control. In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape. Decision-making curriculums pose thorny ( 棘手的 ) ethical dilemmas to students, with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they 've never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous ( 薄弱的 ) hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion. For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed. This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education (价值观教育 ) programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem ( 自尊 ). These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won 't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard w ill conclude that he or she can 't do anything bad. Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive ( 无指导性的 ), non-judgmental ( 无是非观的 ), as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality ( 思 想) that has pervaded ( 渗透) public education for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today 's drug education, sex education and values -education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place. Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with ( 胡乱摆弄 ) outdated “feel - good ” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money —if it feels right —you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion —just about any conclusion —can be reached and justified using the decision-making method. It is time to consign ( 寄出 ) the fads (风尚 ) of “decision - making ” and “non- judgmentalism ” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it. Sample teachers worried about students leaving them

永别了武器读后感_永别了武器读书笔记五篇

永别了武器读后感_永别了武器读书笔记五篇不同作家笔下的战争显然有不同的意向、不同的格调和态度,一起来看看小编为大家精心整理的“读《永别了武器》有感”,欢迎大家阅读,供大家参考。 承蒙老师的指点,我特意去图书馆寻找书单上所列的书。然而我找遍第六阅览室,终于在一个不起眼的角落发现《永别了,武器》。但是如获至宝,捧着书站在书架旁就读了起来。 翻开文章的开头,清楚地记得在课堂上,老师给我们朗读第一段。开始的时候听老师读完,我有点想不明白,老师为什么要选择一段来读给我们听。但是老师随后的几个问题却激发了我莫大的兴趣。自己又带着老师的问题,细细地读了一遍。当时的中国孝子,由于封建传统思想的熏陶,即使对名医的话将信将疑,也未曾想到过请西医来救治。而宁愿怀揣着疑虑疯狂寻药引、看着一碗碗“良药”下肚。现在,看望全书,回过头来在思考开头的疑问,一切都了然于心了。 作者用白描的手法,用短小精练的语句,仅仅是几个景物的描写,如“隔着河流和平原的高山依稀可见”、“河床里有鹅卵石和大圆石头,在阳光下又圆又白”、“河水清澈,河流湍急”,就像一幅画面展现在读者眼前。而作品也就是在开头就定下了基调,如“树干也挤满了灰尘”、“那年树叶早落”、“路上只有落叶,空空荡荡的”,暗示了这个故事的悲剧性结局。 故事前半部分有着大量的关于战争的描写,作者通过一个军官的眼睛和嘴讲述了战争的形势、战况,描写了饭堂里军官及教士对战争的态度和看法……从这些描写,我们了解了故事发生的社会背景和部分人物的生存状态。海明威情景交融的环境描写,纯粹用动作和形象表现情绪,电文式的对话,简短而真切的内心独白,可以看出日常用语经过了千锤百炼。 我想任何故事都故事都少不了爱情,没有爱情的作品不能称之为一部完整的作品。在《永别了,武器》中,我清晰地看到了男主人公对女主人公的爱情的一步步变化和发展,最终难如人愿。应该说这场爱情是被战争所摧残。 故事开始,对于这场战争,书中主人公亨利对战争尽职尽责。对患肠疝的士兵拔刀相助、第一次进攻时奋不顾身为司机带回吃的、受伤后谦让有英雄气概的等,无不表现这一点。显示了一个军人的勇敢和应有的善良。而且此时,他也开始了与巴克莱小姐的交往,尽管已开始时怀着不纯洁的目的。

summary好例子

Steps to Writing a Summary 1.Read and understand the prompt or writing directions. What are you being asked to write about? Example: Summary of an Article Write a summary of the article. Your writing will be scored on how well you: ?state the main ideas of the article; ?identify the most important details that support the main ideas; ?write your summary in your own words, except for quotations; and ?express the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 2. Read, think about, and understand the text. Review the material to make sure you know it well. Use a dictionary or context clues to figure out the meaning of any important words that you don’t know. 3. Take notes. Write down the main ideas and important details of the article. 4.Write a thesis statement. In a single sentence, state the main idea of the article. The thesis statement should mention the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 5. Organize and outline ideas. Write down the important details you need to include in the summary. Put them in a logical order. Topic Sentence: Evidence: #1: #2: #3: 6.Write your essay. ?Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original article. ?Focus on the main point of the article and the most important details. ?Use your own words; avoid copying phrases and sentences from the article unless they’re direct quotations. 7.Revise. Have you indented all paragraphs? Have you captured the main point of the article? Have you included the most important details? Is there sentence variety? Have you avoided writing short, choppy sentences? Are there transitional words and phrases to connect ideas? 8. Proofread and edit. Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Is the verb tense consistent? Are all names spelled correctly and capitalized? Have you avoided writing run-on sentences and sentence fragments? 9. Write your draft. Use blue or black ink. Skip lines. Write on one side of the paper only. Include a title on the top line. 10. Read your summary one last time before you turn it in. Look for careless spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors, especially omitted words or letters. Cross out errors neatly with a single line and write the correction above. Original Article: Bats In the distant past, many people thought bats had magical powers, but times have changed. Today, many people believe that bats are rodents, that they cannot see, and that they are more likely than other animals to carry rabies. All of these beliefs are mistaken. Bats are not rodents, are not blind, and are no more likely than dogs and cats to transmit rabies. Bats, in fact, are among the least understood and least appreciated of animals. Bats are not rodents with wings, contrary to popular belief. Like all rodents, bats are mammals, but they have a skeleton similar to the human skeleton. The bones in bat wings are much like those in arms and the human hand, with a thumb and four fingers. In bats, the bones of the arms and the four fingers of the hands are very long. This bone structure helps support the web of skin that stretches from the body to the ends of the fingers to form wings. Although bats cannot see colors, they have good vision in both dim and bright light. Since most bats stay in darkness during the day and do their feeding at night, they do not use their vision to maneuver in the dark but use a process called echolocation. This process enables bats to emit sounds from their mouths that bounce off objects and allow them to avoid the objects when flying. They use this system to locate flying insects to feed on as well. Typically, insect-eating bats emerge at dusk and fly to streams or ponds where they feed. They catch the insects on their wingtip or tail membrane and fling them into their mouths while flying. There are about 1,000 species of bat, ranging in size from the bumblebee bat, which is about an inch long, to the flying fox, which is sixteen inches long and has a wingspan of five feet. Each type of bat has a specialized diet. For seventy percent of bats, the diet is insects. Other types of bats feed on flowers, pollen, nectar, and fruit or on small animals such as birds, mice, lizards, and frogs. (continued on back)

summary 范文

Original: My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper. One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself! Summary: The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox. Original: Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. Summary:

开题报告《永别了,武器》

本科毕业论文开题报告 学生姓名柯海燕 所在 院系 外语系 所在 班级 1004 指导 教师 池欢 学生学号2010303010422 专业 方向 英语 开题 时间 2014/02/25 导师 职称 讲师 论文 题目 War and Love: A Brief Analysis of A Farewell to Arms 文献综述: 一. 研究目的和意义: 1.研究目的: 海明威是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家,其作品《永别了,武器》是公认的一部以战争为题材的杰出的小说,是美国20世纪优秀的现实主义长篇小说之一。此书以第一次世界大战为背景,以战争和爱情为主线,阐述了作者对战争的看法和态度。这部小说因反对战争的鲜明主题和成熟的艺术技巧而产生了极大的影响。小说虽然主题是反对战争,但也是一部爱情悲剧。小说主要通过描写主人公亨利和凯瑟琳在战乱时期的爱情悲剧来表达对战争的极度厌恶之情。战争带来了灾难,带来了痛苦。本文主要探讨的是该著作中对战争和爱情的叙述所体现的反战厌战主题。 本文主要分析小说中战争给主人公带来的态度变化和爱情的发展变化,以及作品表现出的反战主题。并对其中的主要人物形象作出简要的解读,有助于理解文学作品的背景与内涵。 2.研究意义: 第一次世界大战是人类历史上的一次空前的浩劫,是典型的非正义的帝国主义战争。此次战争对美国文学有着深远的影响,其中“迷惘的一代”就是一战后逐渐形成的一种新的文学流派,这些作家对战争充满了厌恶和恐惧,但又找不到思想出路。他们不相信资产阶级虚妄的道德标准,常常按自己的本能和观感行事。海明威是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家。他到欧洲打过仗,负过重伤,在战场上的亲身经历使他对战争带给人们的创伤和苦痛有着深刻的体验和感受。海明威当时对待战争的态度,像其他反战作家一样,只限于厌恶、逃避与诅咒。他对战后的和平生活也不抱任何希望,由战争带来的创伤深深扎根于他的心中,所以在作品中迷惘、悲观与失望的情绪较为浓厚。通过对《永别了,武器》中的战争和爱情这两条主线的分析,以及对作者反战主题的剖析,可以更好地理解战争给人们带来的迷惘与悲观的情绪,从而引起人们重新思考战争和生命的意义。 二.国内外研究进展与现状 1.国外学者研究: 海明威是20世纪美国文学史上影响最深远的作家之一。对他的小说主题思想,一直以来都是评论界争论的焦点。早期的海明威研究者欧法林认为,海明威从不在作品中表达任何

一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写

一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子: “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”

永别了武器英文读后感

提供专业的word版文档,优质的服务,希望对您有帮助/双击去除 永别了武器英文读后感 永别了武器英文读后感(一) Afilmadaptationofthesamenamewasmadein1932,andwasnom inatedfortheAcademyAwardforbestpicture.Itwaswritten byoliverh.p.garrettandbenjaminglazer,fromthehemingw aynovel,andwasdirectedbyFrankborzage.Themoviestarsh elenhayes,garycooperandAdolphemenjou.

Thefilmwasremadewiththesametitlein1957,starringjenn iferjones,rockhudsonandVittorioDesicaandwasdirected bycharlesVidorandjohnhuston.Desicawasnominatedforbe stsupportingActorforhisroleinthisversion. The1996movieInLoveandwar,directedbyrichardAttenboro ugh,isamorebiographicalwork,basedonthesamebackgroun dasAFarewelltoArms. Thenovel,alovestory,drawsheavilyonhemingway'sexperi encesasayoungsoldierinItaly.IttellsthestoryofLieute nantFrederichenry,ayoungAmericanambulancedriverserv ingintheItalianarmyduringworldwarI.henryfallsinlove withthebritishnursecatherinebarkley.Afterheiswounde datthefrontbyatrenchmortarshell,shetendstohimintheh ospitalduringhisrecuperation,andtheirrelationshipde velops.hisrecuperationandromancewiththenowpregnantc atherineendsabruptlywhenhenrymustreturntothefront.h

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。 第一步:阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

永别了武器英语读后感

Read《Farewell to Arms》Having Feeling I read this novel in high school. At the beginning, the atmosphere is easy and funny. An American joined the army in Italy and became a lieutenant of an ambulance team. Although, he was in the frontier of war, to him it seemed that the war was far-faraway. He knew he would not die in this war because it had nothing to do with him. This war was more like a war in movies.At the beginning, he also took his relationship with Catherine as not serious as his attitude towards the war.He was traveling along the frontier in army clothes,drinking and making friends with others as usual. Sometimes I was even laughing while reading. Even when the protagonist somehow got wounded in the trenches, he did not hate the war, because he still felt he would not die because of the war. During his recovery in Milan, he and Catherine fell in love. But also since then, this seemingly perfect love has had implied troubles. Then Catherine was pregnant.Because of responsibility or some unknown reasons, Fred was really in love with Catherine.God was so naughty that when he notices you take something serious he will send troubles to you. After the recovery, the protagonist returned back to the frontier.it was then that he first noticed tiredness of war in people’s eyes.With the help of the German on enemy side, he tasted his first retreat. This was a retreat, adopting "Where there is life, there is hope" strategy. However, because a lot of accidentshappened during the retreat, the protagonist's heart was deeply hurt. His favorite driver, Aimo, was killedby an Italian at the time of withdrawal. He was killed by his own people.What kind of truth it is!But the protagonist seemed to see that necessityin war, a time of extreme crisis.it is also then that the protagonist had a new view and understanding towards war. It was no longer a game that he could leave himself alone.Until he was caught by an enemy to be shot dead, he was completely desperate towards war. Why would he be nobody dead in an unrelated war? He was just a common American who got aunclear mind and joined the army in Italian voluntarily. Why should he die in this unknown land, shot dead by strangers . So, he revolted and run away. Days in Switzerland were as happy as those in Milan. They were far away from the war, waiting for the birth of their baby. But this time God acted much more than naughty. Both the baby and Catherine died. Is this the cost of participating war? But he already paid for it. Why punish him again? He was sad, so did I. Finally, the protagonist tasted the cruelestpart of war.The war brought him the trauma that can never be cured. Physical trauma suffered from war can be healed with drugs, equipment and time. But the mental trauma will last a lifetime. The war was over, but not the sorrow. Farewell arms, farewell. 孙玉豪 师范四班 2012011355

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