高一英语必修2 unit3 computer学案Microsoft Word 文档

SectionⅠ Warming-up＆Reading- Language Points

课前自主预习

Ⅰ.重点单词

1. 计算（v.）_____________；计算器（n.）_____________；计算（n.）_____________

2. 普遍的，通用的，宇宙的（adj）__________；宇宙，全世界，万物（n.）___________

3. 使简化（v.）_____________；简化（n.）_____________；简化的（adj.）_____________

4.智力；聪明；智能（n.）_____________；智能的,聪明的（adj.）______________

5. 解决，解答（vt.）___________

6. 真实，事实，现实（n.）________________；真实的（adj.）_______________

7. 私人的,个人的（adj.）_____________；亲自地；就本人而论（adv.）_____________

8. 总的，整个的（adj.）_______；总数，合计（n.）______；完全地，整个地（adv.）______

9. 运用,用途，申请（n.）_____________；.运用,申请（v.）____________；

10. 无论如何，即便如此（adv.）_________________

Ⅱ. 重点短语

1. have sth _____ common 和……有共同之处。

2. ________ … with 把….. 与……相比

3. from ________ on 从那时起

4. go ________ 过去；经过；走过

5. so … ________ 如此……以致于

6. as a ________ 结果

7. provide sb. ________ sth. 为某人提供某物

8. _______ sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物

课内研析探究

Ⅰ.重点单词

1. compare v. 比较；对比；与……相比n. 举世无双，独一无二的东西

【教材原句】Work out a list and compare it with your partner.

列一张清单并和你的同伴作比较。

eg. We compared the two reports carefully.

【即学即用】

①______this that, and you?ll find which is best.

②Teachers are often gardeners while students flowers.

③his sister, he was indeed very fortunate.

2.calculate vi. & vt.to find out how much something will cost, how long something

will take etc, by using numbers 意为________________ 【教材原句】I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.(P18)

1642年我在法国诞生时时一谈计算机器。

vt. calculate how much/ how many etc.

eg. 我试着算算我们需要多少钱。

vi. calculate on/upon = depend on 意为________________

eg. 我们指望开运动会时有个好天气。

【知识拓展】

calculation (n.) 计算；计算结果calculator (n.) 计算器

calculable (adj.) 可计算的calculated (adj.) 精心策划的；蓄意的【即学即用】

It is difficult to_______ how much time the project will take.

A. count

B. complete

C. calculate

D. account

3. simplify vt. to make something easier or less complicated 意为________ eg. Who would like to simplify the difficult sum?

simply adv.仅仅，只不过；简单，明了地；朴素，简朴地

eg. This is simply a small problem.

simple adj. (simpler, simplest)

(1) not difficult or complicated 意为____________

He couldn?t even answer very simple questions.

译为__________________________________

(2) without a lot of decoration or added things 意为____________

Nothing is simpler than a cool white shirt.

译为__________________________________

(3) not having many parts 意为____________

You will need a few simple tools for this job.

译为__________________________________

(4) honest and ordinary and not special in any way 意为____________

My father is just a simple peasant.

译为__________________________________

4. sum n. [c]

(1) the number you get when you add two or more numbers together 意为_________ eg. The sum of five and four is nine.

(2) an amount of money 意为__________

▲ a large sum of+ n. [u] 大量，许多

e.g. He gave me ________________food. 他给了我很多食物。

(3) a simple problem that involves calculating numbers 意为_________

eg. learn to___________ 学做算术

vt.(summed, summed)

(1) to calculate the sum of 意为_______

(2) to state the main points of sth in a short and clear form 意为__________

▲sum (up) ①合计；②总结；概述

eg. Please ___________the figures 请合计这些数字

He ___________the situation in a few words. 他用几句话概括了形式。

5. technology n.

eg. the technology of computers__________ medical technology__________

【知识拓展】

technological (adj.)科技的technique（n.）技巧，技艺technical （adj.）技术的，应用科学的technically （adv.）在技术上，在

技巧上

【误区点播】

【即学即用】

用technology 或technique 的正确形式填空

①She is a wonderful artist, who combines different ______in the same painting.

②As a musician, she has _________quite accomplished.

③Nowadays science and _________is playing an important part in modern society..

④Recently they have made a major __________ breakthrough.

6. intelligence n．智力，智能，聪明

artificial intelligence _______ a person of high /low intelligence __________ intelligence test _________ intelligence quotient(IQ)_________

intelligent adj. 有智力的，智能的，聪明的，理解力强的

eg. an intelligent boy/ answer/ software/ system/robot

【即学即用】

①He is a person of great ________. 他是个极聪明的人。

②A dolphin is an _________ animal. 海豚是有智力的动物。

③The boy give a(n) __________ reply to avoid the embarrassment.

A. intelligent

B. intelligence

C. foolish

D. stupid

7. solve vt. 解决（问题）；解答，破解，解释（难题）

【教材原句】In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a …universal machine? to solve any difficult mathematical problem.(p18) 在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦.图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎么能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决数学难题。

eg. This is the best way of dealing with a problem.

eg. solve a puzzle/ a riddle/ a mystery/ a case

solution n.解决办法，处理手段

▲ a solution to sth ……的解决方法

eg. There is no simple solution to this problem.

settle 与solve

二者都有“解决”的意思，但是settle 的解决对象的某种形式的争端，solve 的

解决对象往往是一个需要给出答案的问题

an issue a problem

an argument a mystery

settle a quarrel solve a puzzle

a matter a difficulties

【即学即用】

---How do you deal with the agreement between the company and the customers?

---The ket_____ the problem is to meet the demand____by the customers.

A. to solving, making

B. to solving, mae

C. to solve, making

D. to solve, make

8. personal adj. 私人的，个人的，亲自的

【教材原句】First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop. I have been

used in offices and homes since the 1970s.

自20世纪70年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里。先是用作个人电脑，后

来又做成便携式电脑。

eg. a personal computer/letter eg. sb?s personal view/opinion/interests

eg. a personal interview/call

【知识拓展】

personality n. 性格，个性，人格personally adv. 就个人而言，亲自

①.As far as I know, his wife has a strong personality.

②.Personally (speaking), I don?t like this film.

【即学即用】

(1) Please leave us alone; we (有个人事情要谈)

(2) After the president made an official announcement, she (表达个人观点) 9. anyhow adv. 无论如何，即便如此，无论怎样，至少

【教材原句】Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

不管怎样，我的目标是给人提供高质量的生活。

eg. Anyhow you must tell me the truth.

【知识拓展】

(1) 同义词: anyway (2) somehow adv. 用某种方法，不知怎么地

【即学即用】

It may rain , but I shall go out ________.

A. somehow

B. anyhow

C. somewhat

D. anywhere

Ⅱ. 重点短语

1. have…in common 与……有共同点；与……共有

【教材原句】Discuss what they have in common.（P17）

结对讨论他们有什么共同之处。

eg. What do the two pictures have in common? 这两个图片之间有什么共同之处?

eg. They have nothing in common with one another. 他们彼此毫无共同之处.

【即学即用】

1. I suddenly felt we (有很多共同点)

2. （和大部分年轻人一样）, he likes to listen to rock and roll.

3. I haven?t a thing ____ common ____ my father.( B)

A. in, about

B. in , with

C. on, of

D. with, in

2. from…on… 从……时起

【教材原句】From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.

从那时起，我在体积和智能发面迅速成长。

▲ from now/then/today/tomorrow on

eg. From now on, we should study harder.

【即学即用】

① 从那时起，他决定努力学习。He dicided to study hard_____________.

② 从今以后你过马路要更加小心。

Please be more careful when you cross the street_______________.

3. as a result 结果,.因此

【教材原句】As a result I totally changed my shape. 结果我的外形完全改变了。

eg. It rained heavily. As a result I was late.

▲ as a result of…作为……的结果，由于……的结果

eg. As a result of the heavy rain, I was late.

【知识拓展】

have a lot / much / little / something /nothing in common with

有许多 /几乎没有/ 一些 /没有/ 共同之处

in common 共同，共有，共用

in common with 和……一样

common sense 常识

★result in(=lead to) 导致……

eg. Laziness resulted in his failure.

★result from 由……导致

eg. The car accident resulted from the driver?s careless.

【即学即用】

①由于锻炼，他已强身健体。

____________ exercise, he has built up his body.

②由于条件太差，工人们离开了。

The condition are poor; ____________, the workers left.

= The workers left __________ the poor conditions.

Ⅲ. 重点句型

1. As time went by, I was made smaller.

随着时间的流逝，我被做的更小了。

句型透析：句中as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”

▲go by ①(时间)过去，逝去②从……经过③遵循，以……来判断

As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.

Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle?

That?s a good rule to go by.

▲辨析：as 与with

(1) as 是连词，引导时间状语从句

As time went by，the city became more beautiful.

(2) with 是介词，后接名词或代词构成with短语或with复合结构

With time going by, they became close friends.

【即学即用】

(1)As time________, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety.

A. passing

B. going by

C. passed

D. goes by

(2)With the time________, our anxiety grew .

A.goes by

B. going by

C. has gone by

D. had gone by

(3)Three months__________ before we knew it.

A. passed by

B. went

C. went by

D. past

2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly 200 years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

我发展得很缓慢，大约200年后，查尔斯.巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

句式透析：It will take/ took/ was +一段时间+before 从句

▲本句型中，before引导一个时间状语从句。Before的本意为“在……之前”，但如果主句是肯定句，并且与时间段连用，可意为：“……之后才……”，表示主句的动作放生的迟缓.

It was a long time before I went to sleep last night.

昨天夜里过了很久喔才睡着。

【知识拓展】

It was three days before he came back.

译为：_____________________________

It was not long before he got a rise in the company.

译为：__________________________________

It will not be long before we get used to the new school life.

译为：___________________________________

巩固练习：

1) 他又花了五年的时间才实现了上大学的梦想。

It took another five years _________ he _________ his dream of going to college.

2) 不久就会有人来看你。

It _________ ________ a long time _________ someone comes to see you.

3) He was told that it would be at least three more months ________ he could recover

and return to work.

A. when

B. before

C. since

D. that

3. so…that… “如此……以至于……”

【教材原句】Over time my memory has developed so much that , like an elephant, I

never forget anything I have been told.

随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会

忘记告诉我的任何事情。

句型透析：so …that …“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

▲so ＋adj./adv.＋that ...引导肯定．．

的结果状语从句，意思是“如此…以致于… ①当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以致于大喊大叫。

When the football fans saw Beckham, they got______excited_____they cried out.

▲so ＋adj./adv.＋that ...引导否定．．

的结果状语从句，意思是“如此...以致于不能…” ②Miss Gao asked a question, but it was__________that nobody could answer it.

A.very difficult

B. too difficult

C. difficult enough

D. so difficult

※ 注意：当so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句为肯定句．．．

时，可以与 be …enough to do 转换；当从句为否定句．．．

时，可以与too ... to ... 或be not ... enough to do 转换。如

③ David was so careless that he didn't find the mistakes in his test paper. (变为简单句)

David was________ careless________ find the mistakes in his test paper.

④A ：The boy is so young that he can't look after himself.(改写句子使B 句与A 句

意思相近)

B ：The boy is not__________ to look after himself.

▲ so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句有时候可以与such ... that ...句型相互转换。

⑤ The stone is so heavy that I can't lift it up. (改写句子) It is_______ a heavy stone_______ I can't lift it up.

“It was +时间段 +before…” 表示“过了多久才……”从句常用一般过去时。

“It was not long before …” 意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。

“It will not be long before …” 表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。

“It will be +时间段 +before…” 表示“要过多久才……”从句常用一般现在时。

【误区点播】

adj.+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that so+ many/few +可数名词复数+ that such+ adj.＋复数可数名词＋that much/little(少) +不可数名词+ that adj.＋不可数名词＋that

▲so＋adj./adv.＋that ...引导的结果状语从句，当so＋adj./adv.位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装结构。

eg. So beautiful is．． she that we all like her.

so that

(1)引导结果状语从句时，意思是“因此；所以”，从句与主句之间往往有逗号相隔开（即略作停顿）”。

(2)引导目的状语从句时，意思是“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can / could / may /

might / will / would /s hould等情态动词或助动词，引导结果状语

．．．．从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。。

eg. He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.

译为__________________________________________ （______状语从句）He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.

译为__________________________________________ （______状语从句）【即学即用】

①His plan was such a good one____ we all agreed to accept it.

A. so

B. and

C. that

D. as

②It was _______ that we wanted to stay here or another two days.

A. such fine weather

B. such a fine weather

C. so fine weather

D. so fine a weather

③I haven?t seen Ann for ______long that I?ve forgotten what she looks like.

A. such

B. very

C. so

D. too

课后拓展提升

1. I can?t tell you the exact time I?ll get there, maybe at eight or nine or even later. ____, I?ll be there as early as I can.

A. Anyhow

B. However

C. Thus

D. Therefore

2. _____ you grow older, you?ll know better and better about yourself.

A. Since

B. As

C. Before

D. So

3. Tom is ___ that he can?t go to school.

A. so a young boy

B. a so young boy

C. a such young boy

D. such a young boy

4. _______ the money shortage, many small companies closed down.

A. As a result of

B. As a result from

C. Resulted in

D. As a result

5. I?m fond of music while my sister likes reading novels. It seems that we have nothing ___. A. in like B. in common C. in same D. in similar

6. It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but ________, I think it was a great success.

A. personally

B. directly

C. publicly

D. secretly

7. The procedures(程序) of operating a computer have been ______ several times, the results of which have made it much easier _______.

A. cut down; to operate

B. simplified; to be operated

C. reduced; to be operated

D. simplified; to operate

8. As time_____, she became more and more anxious about her son?s safety.

A. passing.

B. going by.

C. passed.

D. goes by.

9. ________ how much the trip will cost and see if you can afford it.

A. See

B. Calculate

C. Count

D. Work at

10. __________, he became addicted to computer games and dropped out of school.

A. Since then

B. From then on

C. After then

D. After then on

11. Lily is ________girl and we all like her.

A. a intelligent

B. a intelligence

C. an intelligent

D. an intelligence SectionⅡLearning about Language＆Using Language 课前自主预习

Ⅰ. 重点单词

1.________vi.& vt.发信号；n. 信号

2.________n.类型；vt.& vi.打字

3._______(arose, arisen) vi.出现，发生

4.______n.外观；外貌；出现；_________vi.出现

5.______adj.电子的；_______adj.电动的；_______adj.与电有关的；______n.电

6.___________n.性格；特点

Ⅱ. 重点短语

1.在某种程度上_______________

2.作出决定_______________

3.从……时候起_______________

4.结果_______________

5.处理；安排；对付___________

6.弥补,补足, 整理,编造_______________

7.毕竟_______________ 8.看守,监视__________________

9.在……帮助下__________ 10. 夜以继日地_______________

课内研析探究

Ⅰ重点单词

1.signal n. 信号，暗号；vt.&vi. 发信号

【教材原句】For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I an open an have a good shot for a goal.

例如，当我无人防守，可以好好射一个球的时候，我已学会用计算机语言向队

友示意把球传给我。

▲signal (to) sb/sth (to do sth) 向……发出（做……）的信号

a signal to … 做……的手势

The policeman was signaling to the driver to stop, but he didn?t notice.

His gesture was a signal to take action.

【即学即用】

①In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ____for

everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure ② ---Look! The red light is on. It is the ____ for us to stop.

--- Oh! Thank you. I ______ thinking some questions.

A. goal; is

B. entrance; am

C. signal; was

D. design; be

2. arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生（arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态）【教材原句】Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.

然后如果有新的情况发生，她准备使用可靠的动作。

▲arise 作“呈现；发生；出现”之意时，主语多为一个抽象名词，如argument/problem/quarrel/question。

▲ arise from / out of由……而引起；从……中产生

Several new industries arose in the city.

Accidents often arise from carelessness.

How did the quarrel arise?

Misunderstanding is likely to arise if people fail to communicate with each other. We did not start until the sun rose in the east.

He raised his arm to project his face from being hurt.

【即学即用】用rise，arise或raise的适当形式完成句子

(1)The sun has not yet .

(2) Quarrels among the audience.

(3) They a monument to the national hero.

II. 重点短语

1. in a way= in one way/in some ways在某种程度上，从某一角度看

【教材原句】In a way our programmer is like our coach.

在某种程度上讲，我们饿程序员就好像是我们的教练。

In a way, he made a great contribution to our country.

从某种程度上来看，他为我们国家做出了巨大的贡献。

【知识拓展】

in the way 挡道，碍事

by the way 顺便说，附带说

on the way to…在通往…的路上

by way of…通过…方法/ 经由

in no way 决不

By the way, where is the hospital?

He arrived in Beijing by way of Shanghai.

I?m afraid your car is in the wa y.

【即学即用】用way的短语填空

①我绝不会向他屈服。

__________will I give in to him.

②小汽车挡路了，造成了交通阻塞。

The car is ____________, causing the traffic jam.

③尽管我不太同意你的观点，但是在某种程度上我能理解你的意思。

___________ I can see what you mean, even though I don?t quite agree with you.

2. make up 组成; 构成; 编造; 弥补; 化妆等.

【教材原句】In this way, I can make up new moves.

用这种方法我可以编制新的东西.

①Sixty students make up our class. 六十名学生组成了我们班.

②The criminal made up a story about where he was when the crime happened.

这个罪犯编造了一个关于案件发生时他在哪里的故事.

③She spent an hour making herself up before the party.

舞会前她花了一个小时打扮自己.

【知识拓展】

make fun of 嘲笑make money 赚钱make use of 利用

【即学即用】

1) Now many farmers go to cities to ________.

A. make a film B make a plan C make money D make progress

2) Every possible use should be ________ advanced technology.

A made of

B made up

C made from

D made sure

3. after all、with the help of

【教材原句】After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I?m all about.

不管怎样，在我的过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。

1) after all 毕竟，到底，终究；有时意为“别忘了，要知道”

So you made it after all! 你毕竟成功了！

After all, what does it matter? 归根结底, 那又有什么关系呢？

She should have offered to pay —she?s a millionaire, after all.

她应该主动提出付款─ 别忘了,她是个百万富翁。

2) with the help of 在……的帮助下= with one’s help

eg. With the help of my mother, I finally solved the problem.

【即学即用】

1) ________ John Blair, I have made great progress in my English study.

A Under the help of

B On the help of

C For the help of

D With the help of

4. deal with 处理，安排，论述，对付，打交道

【教材原句】This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the inner and deal with telephone calls.

这意味着它应该能打扫房间、擦地板、做饭以及接打电话。

eg. There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.

As far as I know, the young man is hard to deal with.

He made a speech at the conference, dealing with folk music.

▲辨析：deal with 与do with

(1) deal with，意思是“处理，谈论，对付，与……做买卖”，表示“处理”时常与连

接副词how 连用。

(2) do with意思是“对待，处理，利用，与……有关”，表示对待时宾语是人，相

当于treat，表示“处理”时常与连接代词what 连用。

eg. H ow do you deal with a car accident after it happens?

=What do you do with a car accident after it happens?

【即学即用】

①In many pe ople?s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant_____. A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with

②--You look so worried. What's the matter?

--I don't know________ these boring problems.

A．what to deal with B．how to do with C．what can I do with D．how to deal with 5. watch over 看守，监视，守护，照管

【教材原句】It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.

它还应该照看我淘气的侄女，她京城来我家。

eg. Three policemen were watching over the murderer.

【知识拓展】

watch out 当心，注意watch out for sb./sth. 提防（某人/某物）

eg You will be cheated if you don?t watch out.

Watch out for cars while crossing the road.

【即学即用】

①--- Can I help you? --- Will you _______my clothes while I have a swim?

A. watch over

B. watch out

C. look up

D. look out

②They stood there and opened their eyes wide, ______what was happening.

A. watched over

B. watching over

C. looked over

D. looking over

Ⅲ. 重点句型

1. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching

human games.

她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入到我们的程序。

句式透析：

1)本句为复合句，she has seen 为定语从句，修饰名词moves，定语从句中省略

了关系代词that

eg. This is the book Tom is looking for.

2) 句中while watching human games 是省略句，相当于while she is watching

human games.

【知识拓展】

省略的原则：在when, while, if ,unless, though, once 等引导的时间、条件

和让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be

动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。

eg. You must be careful when crossing the street.

Even if invited, I won?t go to the party.

【即学即用】

When_________about what she thought of the movie, she just said it was worth

seeing a second time.

A.asked

B. asking

C. being asked

D. to be asked

课后拓展提升

1. How do you ____ it and what should you ____ it?

A. deal with, deal with

B. deal with, do with

C. do with, deal with

D. do

with, do with

2. She had to _______ our young children after her husband died.

A. turn over

B. go over

C. watch over

D. take over

3. A wind _____ and blew our boat onto the rocks.

A. aroused

B. arised

C. arose

D. arisen

4. ---I think he is taking an active part in social work. ---I agree with you________

A. in a way

B. on the way

C. by the way

D. in the way

5. By the middle of the 1920s, the farthest corners of the earth had already been ____ by the group.

A. examined

B. searched

C. explored

D. exposed

6. Every time he is late, he?ll _____ an excus e.

A take up

B give up

C send up

D make up

7.I can?t see the word on the blackboard. Your head is ________.

A. on the way

B. in a way

C. by the way

D. in the way

8. Since you are going to America, do _______the chance to improve your spoken English. A．take the advantage of B．take an advantage of C．take advantage of D．take use of

SectionⅢGrammar

现在完成时的被动语态

一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成

1. 肯定式: have/has+ been done

Your car has been repaired.

2. 否定式: have/has + not + been done

The windows have not been cleaned.

3. 疑问式: Have/ Has + 主语+ been done

---Have the rooms been pained?

--- No. they haven?t.

二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法

1. 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果. 当动词为暂短动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for 或since 引导的表一段时间的状语连用。

eg. The room has already been cleaned.

The door has been locked.

2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...?句型中。表示从过去延续到现在并包含在现在在内的一段时间的状语有，already, yet, lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years, since then, up to now , so far 等。

eg. The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.

How long has the machine been used?

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项

1.请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。

2.请注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。

一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态仅涉及过去，与现在的情况没有联系。而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。试体会下列两句的含义：The bridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。

The bridge has been built. 这桥已经建好了。

3.非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如:

[误] How long has this book been bought?

[正] How long ago was this book bought?

【即学即用】

1．Paper money ＿＿＿＿for over a thousand years．

A．used B．has been used C．has used D．is using

2．Great changes ＿＿＿＿in my hometown and a lot of factories ＿＿＿＿．A．have been taken place；are being set up B．have taken place；have been set up C．are taken place；had been set up D．had taken place；will be set up 3．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand ＿＿＿＿cold．

A．has been felt B．feels C．is felt D．has felt

4．The fire ＿＿＿＿to the fifth floor．＿＿＿＿all the people＿＿＿＿？

A．has got；Have；been saved B．has been got；Have；saved

C．has got；Do；save D．has got；Have；saved

5．—We want to sit at the table near the window．

—I’m sorry，but it ＿＿＿＿already．

A．has taken B．took C．was taken D．has been taken

6．Some of the chapters（片段）＿＿＿＿by many students．

A．have been widely read B．have read widely

C．were wide read D．had been widely read

7．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？

Many new books ＿＿＿there．

A．have just brought B．have just been brought

C．were just brought D．are just brought

8．Till now，three films ＿＿＿＿in that small village this month．

A．have shown B．have been shown C．were shown D．will be shown 9．Do you know the thief ＿＿＿＿by the police？

A．has caught B．has been catching C．was caught D．has been caught 10．My sister is working in the power plant that ＿＿＿for just one year．

A．was used B．has been used C．is used D．has used