奥巴马就职演讲翻译 周黎明点评 中国日报网 英语点津

奥巴马就职演讲翻译 周黎明点评 中国日报网 英语点津
奥巴马就职演讲翻译 周黎明点评 中国日报网 英语点津

(一)英文原文:My fellow citizens:

翻译:

第一版本:亲爱的公民们

第二版本:各位同胞们

点评:开场称呼中最后的fellow citizens,第一个版本译成“亲爱的公民们”,第二个版本译成“各位同胞们”。第一个版本增加“亲爱的”,似乎是为了跟前面的“尊敬的”对应,其实没有必要。另外,用“公民”远没有“同胞”好,因为“公民”没有包涵“fellow”的意思,而“同胞”却包涵了。第二个版本的“各位同胞们”有小小语病,“各位”强调单个,“们”强调集体,选择其一即可,在这儿,沿用原文复数用“同胞们”足矣。

(二)英文原文:

The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.

翻译:

第一版本:1776年,美国的爱国先驱们不是只为了推翻国王的暴政而战,也不是为赢得少数人的特权,建立暴民的统治。先驱们留给我们一个共和国,一个民有、民治、民享的政府。他们委托每一代美国人捍卫我们的建国信条。

第二版本:1776年的爱国者并不是推翻了暴君的独裁或极权,而是给予我们一个共和国,一个民有、民治、民享的政府。

原句结构较复杂,第一种译文拆解了,意思更为清晰。但“赢得少数人的特权”和“建立暴民的统治”之间,最好还是保留“或者”,因为这两者不是并列的,是两种互相排斥的可能性。重复从句的主语,如“先驱们”,对于演讲是十分必要的。

第二种译文充其量只能算摘译,更糟糕的是,压缩后的意思出了差错。“并不是推翻了暴君的独裁或极权”跟原句的意思很不同,原句的意思简单说,是“先辈们不是为了少数人特权或暴民统治而推翻一个君主的暴政”。他们是“推翻了”英国君主在美国的统治。

(三)英文原文:

Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves a new, and vowed to move forward together.

第一版本:从奴役的血腥枷锁和刀剑的血光厮杀中我们懂得了,建立在自由与平等原则之上的联邦不能永远维持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我们赢得了新生,誓言共同前进。

第二版本:从被鞭打出的鲜血中我们知道,在半奴隶半自由的体制下,我们无法建立自由和平等的联盟。我们要从头再来,誓言一同向前。

原句中的两种流血方式,前者暗指奴隶制,后者指战争,第一种译文翻译得既准确又生动。第二种译文不仅压缩了,而且用“无法建立”取代“无法维持”,在意思上也是不准的。

(四)英文原文:

We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time.

第一版本:我们知道,我们已然陈旧的程序不足以满足时代的需要。

第二版本:我们明白,一些陈腐的计划如今已经不再公平。

这里的“programs”是指美国政府的各种花钱项目,译为“程序”属于不解,译为“计划”有点不清楚,可译成“政府项目”。但“不再公平”属于引申,“不足以满足时代的需要”是对的。(五)英文原文:

But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future.

第一版本:但我们拒绝在照顾建设国家的这一代和投资即将建设国家的下一代间做出选择。第二版本:我们拒绝相信,美国必须在照顾老年一代和培育下一代中只能选其一。

这句英文很清楚,很生动,但直译过来有点拗口。而且,“做出选择”不如“只能选其一”来得准确明了。第二种版本的压缩翻译要比逐字翻译更为合适。

(六)英文原文:

Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well.

第一版本:我们的征途不会终结,我们要让同性恋的兄弟姐妹在法律之下得到与其他人同样的待遇。如果我们真正是生而平等的,那么我们对彼此的爱也应该是平等的。

第二版本:我们的旅程不会结束,直到同性恋的兄弟姐妹像其它人一样在法律上被视为公平。这段是排比句,第一种译文一直用“直到……”,这句突然不用,有点奇怪。但是,它将被动语态翻译成主动语态,“得到同样待遇”要比“被视为公平”顺口得多。

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Hello, everybody! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. How is everybody doing today? (Applause.) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause.) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. And we’ve got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade. And I am just so glad that all could join us today. And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host. Give yourselves a big round of applause. (Applause.) I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day in a new school, so it’s understandable if you’re a little nervous. I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. And no matter what grade you’re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could’ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning. I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived overseas. I lived in Indonesia for a few years. And my mother, she didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. Now, as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy about getting up that early. And a lot of times, I’d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. But whenever I’d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say, "This is no picnic for me either, buster." (Laughter.) So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I’m here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school year. Now, I’ve given a lot of speeches about education. And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot. I’ve talked about teachers’responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.

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