建筑供配电及智能照明

Power Supply and Distribution System Abstract:The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers.The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry,business and daily-life.For the electric power,all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability,but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But,if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction,but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on improving the reliability.Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.

KEYWORDS:power supply and distribution,power distribution reliability,reactive compensation,load distribution.

The revolution of electric power system has brought a new big round construction,which is pushing the greater revolution

of electric power technique along with the application of new technique and advanced equipment.Especially,the combinatio n of the information technique and electric power technique,to great ex-tent,has improved reliability on electric quality and electric supply.he technical development decreases the cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network.On the basis of national and international advanced electric knowledge,the dissertation introduces the research ho t spot for present electric power system as following.

Firstly,This dissertation introduces the building condition of distribution automation(DA),and brings forward two typical construction modes on DA construction,integrative mode and fission mode.It emphasize the DA structure under the cond ition of the fission mode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme,the feeder scheme,the optimized communication scheme etc.,which is for DA research reference Secondly,as for the(DA)trouble measurement,position, isolation and resume,This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressure and current for line problem,gets math equation by educing phase short circuit and problem position under the condition of single-phase and works out equation and several parameter s U&,s I&and e I&table on problem.It

brings out optimized isolation and resume plan,realizes auto isolation

and network reconstruction,reduces the power off range and ti me and improves reduces the power off range and time and im proves and self-analysis.It also introduces software flow and use or problem judgment and sets a model on network reconstruction and computer flow.

Thirdly,electricity system state is estimated to be one of the key techniques in DA realization.The dissertation recommends the resolution of bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground of describing state estimate way.It also advances a practical test and judging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad data from state measure to state estimate.As for real time monitor and control problem,the dissertation introduces a new way to solve them by electricity break and exceptional analysis,and the way has been tested in Wei fang DA.

Fourthly,about the difficulty for building the model of load forecasting,big parameter scatter limit and something concerned,the dissertation introduces some parameters.weath

er factor,date type and social weather factor,date type and social environment effect based on analysis of routine load forecasting and means.It presents the way for electricity load forecasting founded on neural network(ANN),which has be en tested it’s validity by example and made to be good practical effect.

Fifthly,concerning the lack of concordant wave on preventing concordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity on compensation,there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit and non-power theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proof on the ground of Saber Designer and proves to be practical.Meanwhile,it analyzes and designs he way of non-power need of electric network trends and decreasing line loss combined with DA,which have been tested its objective economic benefit through counting example.

In sixth,not only do the dissertation design a way founded on the marginal electric price fitted to our present national electric market in China and fair trade under the government surveillance,that is group competition in short-term trade under the way of grouped price and quantity harmony,but also puts forward combination arithmetic,math model of trading

plan and safety economical restriction.It can solve the original contradiction between medium and long term contract price and short term competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage and cut down the unfair income difference electric factory,at the same time,it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reduce the total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of whole electric market network.

The distribution network is an important link among the power system.Its neutral grounding mode and operation connects security and stability of the power system directly.At the same time,the problem about neutral groundin g is associated with national conditions,natural environment, device fabrication and operation.For example,the activity situation of the thunder and lightning,insulating structure and the peripheral interference will influence the choice of neutral grounding mode Conversely,neutral grounding mode affects design,operation,debugs and developing.Generally in the system higher in grade in the voltage,the insulating expenses account for more sizable propor tion at the total price of the equipment.It is very remarkable to bring the economic benefits by reducing the insulating level.

Usually such system adopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the author closing to guarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary,the system which is lower in the voltage adopts neutral none grounding to raise power supply reliability.So it is an important subject to make use of new-type earth device to apply to the distribution network under considering the situation in such factors of various fields as power supply reliability,safety factor,over-voltage factor,the choice of relay protection,investment cost,etc.

The main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutral grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network.The neutral grounding mode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none

grounding,grounding by arc suppressing coil,grounding by react ance grounding and directly grounding.The best grounding mode is confirmed through the technology comparison.It can help the network run in safety and limit the earth electric arc by using auto-tracking compensate device and using the line protection with the detection of the sensitive small ground current.The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kind of grounding modes about l0kV network at first.With the comparison with technological and

economy,the conclusion is drawn that the improved arc suppre ssing coil grounding mode shows a very big development potential.

Then,this paper researches and introduces some operation characteristics of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network.And then the paper put emphasis on how to extinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonance principle.This paper combines the development of domestic and international technology and innovative achievement,and introduces the computer earth protection and autotracking compensate device.It proves that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have better operation characteristics in power supply reliability,personal security,security of equipment and interference of communication.The application of the arc suppressing coil grou nding mode is also researched in this paper.

Finally,the paper summarizes this topic research.As a result of the domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode,it should be more popularized and applied in the distribution network in the future.The way of thinking,project and conclusio ns in this thesis have effect on the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kV distribution network

but also in other power system..

The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers.The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry,business and daily-life.For the electric power,all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability,but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction,if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction,but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability.Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.The thesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes,according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electric distribution net in foshan.

First,the thesis introduces as the different line modes in the

l0kV electric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it clear tow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net,and telling us how important and necessary that analyses are.

Second,it turns to the necessity of calculating the number of optimization subsection,elaborating how it influences on the economy and reliability.Then by building up the calculation mode of the number of optimization subsection it introduces different power supply projects on the different line modes in brief.

Third,it carries on the calculation and analyses towards the reliability and economy of the different line modes of electric distribution net,describing drafts according by the calculation. Then it makes analysis and discussion on the number of optimization subsection.

At last,the article make conclusion on the economy and reliability of different line modes,as well as,its application situation.Accordion to the actual circumstance,the thesis puts forward the beneficial suggestion on the programming and construction of the l0kV electric distribution net in all areas in foshan.Providing the basic theories and beneficial guideline for the programming design of the lOkV electric distribution net

and building up a solid net,reasonable layout,qualified safe and efficiently-worked electric distribution net. REFERENCES

[1]Wencheng Su.Factories power supply[M].Machinery Industry Publishing Hous

e.1999.9

[2]Jiecai Liu.Factories power supply design guidance[M].Machinery Industry Publis hing House.1999.12

[3]Power supply and distribution system design specifications[S].China plans Press.1 996

[4]Low-voltage distribution design specifications[S].China plans Press.1996.6

Intelligent lighting control system

Abstract:Intelligent lighting control system the main aim is to save energy,smart lighting control system with a variety of "preset"control mode and control components,at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving.This automatic adjustment of the illumination means,take full advantage of the natural outdoor light,only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness,use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level,energy-saving effect is very clear,usually ranging from more than30%.

Keywords:Intelligent lighting control system bus-type star-sh aped structure.

1.The advantages of the use of the intelligent lighting control system

1.1good energy saving effect

Intelligent lighting control system using the main purpose is to save energy,smart lighting control system with a variety of "preset"control mode and control components,at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving.his automatic adjustment of the illumination means,take full advantage of the natural outdoor light,only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness,use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level,energy-saving effect is very clear,usually ranging from more than30%.n addition, the intelligent lighting control system for fluorescent lamp dimming control,etc.due to the use of a fluorescent active tunable filter electronic ballast technology and reduce the harmonic content,to improve the power factor and reduce the low-voltage reactive power loss.

1.2to extend the life span of light source

Light source can not only extend the life savings,but also significantly reduce the workload of lamp replacement reducing the operating costs of lighting systems,management and maintenance becomes simple.

Both the thermal radiation source,or gas discharge light so urce,voltage fluctuations are a major cause of light damage. Therefore,the effective suppression of the fluctuations in voltage can extend the life of light sources.

Intelligent lighting control system can successfully suppress the surge voltage power grid,but also have a voltage limit and the conjugate stream functions of filtering,to avoid over-voltage and under-voltage damage to the light.The use of soft-start and soft turn-off technology,to avoid the impact of current damage to the light.Through this method,the light source to extend the life span of usually2to4times.

1.3to improve the working environment,improve efficiency

Good working environment is to improve the efficiency of a necessary condition.Good design and reasonable choice of light source,lamps and lighting quality control systems,can improve the quality of lighting.

Intelligent lighting control system dimming control pan el module to replace the traditional lighting of the level switch

control is an effective way to control the overall room illumination value,thereby enhancing the uniformity of illumination.At the same time,this control method used in electrical components have also solved the stroboscopic effect, will not create uncomfortable,confused,feeling eyestrain.

1.4to achieve a variety of lighting effects

A wide range of lighting control,the same building can have a variety of artistic effect,for a lot of construction hyperchromic.Modern buildings,ighting is not simply to meet people on the visual effect of light and shade,they should have control of a variety of programs to make buildings more vivid more artistic,giving a wealth of visual effects and aesthetics.As an example of a project,building the exhibition hall,lecture hall, lobby,atrium,etc,if with intelligent lighting control system, according to different times,different uses,different effects,us ing the corresponding preset scene control,can achieve the we alth of artistic effect.

1.5facilitate the management of maintenance

Intelligent lighting control system for the control of lighting based on the automatic control of modular-based,supplemente d by manual control,preset lighting scenes to the parameters stored in the EPROM Digital,these information

is very convenient to set up and replaced,so that building lighting management and maintenance easier.

1.6have a high economic rate of return

Our reference point for the Shanghai region,from energy-saving lights and provincial estimates of the two made a come to this conclusion:with three to five years,the owner can recover the basic intelligent lighting control system to increase the total costs.

Intelligent lighting control system can improve the environment and improve employee productivity and reduce maintenance and management costs,but also for the owners to save a substantial amount of costs.

2intelligent lighting control system components

We know that the intelligent lighting control system of building control system is only one part of the.If you want to focus on the various control systems to the control center to control,then the control system must have the standard communication interface and protocol version.Although such a system integration is feasible in theory,but it is very difficult to put into practice.Thus,in engineering,intelligent management of our building a distributed system,distributed,that is relatively independent of each control subsystem,

self-contained,the implementation of specific control,intelligen t building management system subsystem of the relative indep endence,self-contained,the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system from the control subsystem is a signal collection and monitoring role.

At present,the intelligent lighting control system in accordance with sub-network topology,the following two forms, namely,bus and star-shaped structure-based hybrid.

Both forms have the characteristics of a number of bus more flexibility,easy expansion,control of relative independen ce,lower costs;mixed some high reliability,fault diagnosis and rule out the simple,easy access to the agreement,transfer rate higher.

Engineering design,we consider the building of intelligent lighting control systems an independent subsystem,use of international standards and agreements of the communication interface text,into the intelligent building management system.

Intelligent lighting control system uses a distributed, distribution-based approach,that is,the dimming control unit is relatively,self-contained,non-interfering,through centralized management and information interfaces,and intelligent building management system linked to the achievement of the

building control center subsystem of the collection and monitoring of the signal.In short,the intelligent lighting control should be the main system is a centralized management,and the main trunk and information interface components consisting of the regional implementation of the same sample of control and signal networks;its subsystems should be a dimmer by the various types of modules,control panels, illumination detector dynamic and static and dynamic components consisting of detectors,respectively,of the regional implementation of the specific control of different networks,the main system and subsystems,such as between the components through the interface to connect,to achieve d ata transmission.

3Intelligent lighting control system and control of the control of the content

A project to control the use of intelligent lighting control system include the following categories:technology office hall, computer center and other important room,lecture hall,such as multi-function hall,exhibition hall,conference center,lobby and courtyard,walkways and elevators,such as the Office of Public site;building facade lighting ingeneral and also by the intelligent lighting control systems to control switch signal.

Control the content of the term of the Interpretation: (1)clock control

Clock management,etc.through the electrical components, to achieve the normal work of regions for the state of lighting in different time control.

(2)the automatic adjustment control illumination

Through each module and illumination dimming dynamic electrical components such as detectors,to achieve under nor mal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting dimming control,making the region, such as illumination will not be outside with the sunshine factors change,and always maintain the default value in the illumination around.

(3)control of the regional scene

Through each dimmer module and the control panel and ot her electrical components,to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the scene lighting control switch.

(4)static and dynamic detection of control

Through each dimming modules and electrical component s,such as movement detectors,to achieve under normal condit

ions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the auto matic lighting control switch.

(5)Reduction state of emergency control

Through each of the normal lighting control module,such as dimming of the electrical components,to achieve a state of emergency for the normal work of the various districts in the state of lighting and to give up the number of relief,such as dimming control.

(6)Manual remote control

Through the infra-red remote control,to achieve under nor mal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of lighting control and manual control of the regional scene.

(7)Emergency lighting control

Here mainly refers to the control of intelligent lighting control system to the special region by the implementation of the emergency lighting control,including the following two controls:

1)under normal illumination and the automatic adjustment control of the regional scene with the regulation of the normal work of lighting the same manner as the control.

2)a state of emergency automatic discharge dimming control,through each of the emergency lighting dimming

control module,such as electrical components,to achieve a state of emergency for the regions under a state of emergency lighting dimmers,such as giving up control,so that the accident in the state of emergency lighting to reach100%.

These are the characteristics of intelligent lighting control systems analysis and office buildings in a specific application in a number of experiences,hoping to play the role of forward,so that the field of technology in the lighting to fully play its role.

References

[1]GB50034-2004,intelligent lighting,architectural design standards[M]

[2]Wang Na editor.Intelligent Architecture.China Communications Press.2004.6.1

[3]TianJing.intelligent lighting control system in the school application.Electrical& Intelligent Building,2006,6

[4]Gong South flute.China World Hotel,intelligent lighting control system. Intelligent Electrical Building Technology,200