2015年外交学院翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书,考研大纲,分数线,学姐经验

2015年外交学院翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题

1.短语翻译（30个)

API

FTAAP

UNCCC

ISIS

escape velocity

零和关系

零碳和低碳技术

集体供暖体系

贸易代表团

非约束性原则

部长级会议……

2.英译汉

奥巴马支持民权运动，与其他政治领袖的不同、以及讲述了马丁路德金是怎么影响奥巴马的。总共是9小段。

3.汉译英

(543字,作者是美国加州圣玛利亚学院教授，首发刊载于9月4日发售的《中国新闻周刊》)

人们对不美好的、令人失望的事物可能抱三种态度：理想主义、现实主义和

犬儒主义。有研究者发现，这三种人生态度会分别在青年、中年、老年时期特别有影响。

人在十几、二十来岁的年轻时期，往往倾向于理想主义，特别有正义感。一旦碰到不公不义、龌龊丑恶之事，便充满了愤怒，理想化地想要对它进行彻底的纠正。打倒孔家店，推翻封建礼教，消灭封、资、修，占领华尔街，都是年轻人在那里冲锋陷阵。

中年的务实理想主义者希望能尽自己的力量做一些有益的事情：公益活动、议论时事、参与民间团体的活动等等。他们很清楚自己所贡献的不过是绵薄之力，在有生之年也不可能期待实现多少实质性的变化。

中年的犬儒主义者则不同，他们会认为，这世界太丑恶，人心太坏，个人不可能改变这种状况，所以不值得为之付出努力。既然如此，还不如随波逐流，有机会的就大捞一把。

有这种机会的毕竟只是极少数当上官的，大多数的中年犬儒会愤世嫉俗、玩世不恭、得过且过、难得糊涂。碰到世道不平之事，他们只会冷漠地袖手旁观。为了平息自己的良心责备，他们甚至还会站在加害者的立场上去责怪受害者——倒霉一定有倒霉的理由，谁叫他们自己拎不清，不当心，自作自受，咎由自取。

老年是最容易落入犬儒主义的人生阶段，一个人年岁越长，人生阅历也就越多。老年人可以变得更智慧，但也可能变得更犬儒。

英语缩略词：

常见游戏名称英语缩略词大全

ACT(Action，动作类游戏)

ARPG(Action Role Play Game，动作角色扮演游戏)

AVG(Adventure Game，冒险类游戏)

DAN(Dance，跳舞类游戏，包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等)

DC(Dreamcast，世嘉64位游戏机)

ETC(etc，其它类游戏，包括模拟飞行)

FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆)

FPG(First Person Game，第一人称游戏)

FTG(Fighting Game，格斗类游戏)

GB(GameBoy，任天堂4位手提游戏机)

GBC(GameBoy Color，任天堂手提16色游戏机)

GG(GameGear，世嘉彩色手提游戏机)

FC(Famicom，任天堂8位游戏机)

fps(s per second，帧/秒)

FR(s Rate，游戏运行帧数)

MAC(Macintosh，苹果电脑)

N64(Nintendo64，任天堂64位游戏机)

SFC(Super Famicom，超级任天堂16位游戏机)

SLG(Simulation Game，模拟类游戏)SPG(Sports Games，运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games，战略角色扮演游戏)

STG(Shoot Game，射击类游戏)

SS(Sega Saturn，世嘉土星32位游戏机)

PC(Personal Computer，个人计算机)

PS(PlayStation，索尼32位游戏机)

PS(Pocket Station，索尼手提游戏机)

RAC(Race，赛车类游戏)

RTS(Real Time Strategies，实时战略)

RPG(Role Play Game，角色扮演游戏)

TAB(Table Chess，桌棋类游戏)

外贸中常见英文缩略词

1C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价

2T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

3D/P(document against payment)付款交单

4D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单

5 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证

6G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱

8PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等

9DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

10DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

11PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12WT(weight)重量

13G.W.(gross weight)毛重

14N.W.(net weight)净重

15C/D(customs declaration)报关单

16EA(each)每个，各

17W(with)具有

18w/o(without)没有

19FAC(facsimile)传真

20IMP(import)进口

21EXP(export)出口

22MAX(maximum)最大的、的最大限度的

23MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度

24M或MED(medium)中等，中级的

25M/V(merchant vessel)商船

26S.S(steamship)船运

27MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨

28DOC(document)文件、的单据

29INT(international)国际的

30P/L(packing list)装箱单、的明细表

31INV(invoice)发票

32PCT(percent)百分比

33REF(reference)参考、的查价

34EMS(express mail special)特快传递

35STL.(style)式样、的款式、的类型

36T或LTX或TX(telex)电传

37RMB(ren min bi)人民币

38S/M(shipping marks)装船标记

39PR或PRC(price)价格

40PUR(purchase)购买、的购货

41S/C(sales contract)销售确认书

42L/C(letter of credit)信用证

43B/L(bill of lading)提单

44FOB(free on board)离岸价

45CIF(cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价

补充：

CR=credit贷方，债主

DR=debt借贷方

（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是“借贷方”，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是“贷方”，所就叫credit。）Exp=Expense花费，费用

O/H=overhead常用开支

TC=total cost总费用

FC=fixed cost常设费用

VC=variable cost变动费用

P=profit竟利润

S=sales销售总额

Rev=revenue利润

MC=marginal cost费用差额

GM=gross margin毛利

MR=marginal revenue利润差额

A/R=account receivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。）

A/P=account payable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。）

PMT=payment支付款

N/I=net income纯收入

AMT=amount数额

DCT=discount打折

军事术语

USMC＝海军陆战队NAVY＝海军

AF＝AIR FORCE(空军)ARMY＝陆军

宗教类

C＝CHRISTIANISM(基督教)J＝JUDAISM(犹太教)

C＝CATHOLICISM(天主教)B＝BUDDHISM(佛教)

I＝ISLAM（伊斯兰教）NR＝NO REFERENCE(没有宗教信仰)

1.国际性或全美性：

UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural organization）联合国教育科学文化组织（也叫国际文教组织）

例如：(The）UNESCO has made some contributions to the world.（UNESCO对世界做出一些贡献）

NATO（North Atlantic Treaty organization）北大西洋公约组织。

例如：Could（the）NATO members stick to their commitments？（NATO的成员能坚守承担义务吗？)

SALT（Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty）战略武器限制公约

例如：Should every nation join（the）SALT？（每个国家都要加入SALT？）

NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）美国航天太空总署

例句：The U.S.space programs depend on the performances of NASA.（美国的太空计画是靠NASA的表现而定。）

(注：以上缩写字也被人们当做一个字看待）

WHO（World Health organization）世界卫生组织

例句：Taiwan has been trying to become one of the WHO members.（台湾一直想办法成为WHO的成员之一）

FBI（Federal Bureau of Investigation）联邦调查局（负责美国境内）

CIA（Central Intelligence Agency）中央情报局（负责国外）

例句：Over the past years,Dr.and Mrs.Lee have worked for both FBI and CIA.（过去多年来李博士夫妇都为FBI和CIA工作）

FDA（Food and Drug Administration）美国食品药物管理局

例句：This new drug has to be approved by the FDA.（这新药要经FDA批准）

USDA（United States Department of Agriculture）美国农业部

例句：USDA supplies myriad of information on agriculture market.（有关农业市场，USDA 供应大量资料。）

IRS（Internal Revenue Service）美国税务局

例句：Employees working for IRS should be courteous toward tax payers.（IRS员工对纳税人应该有礼貌）

NAACP（National Association for the Advancement of Color People）(全国黑人权益促进会，即黑人为了增进权益的最大机构）

例句：Many African－Americans join NAACP.（许多美国黑人参加NAACP）

NIH（National Institute of Health）

例句：Mr.Wang has worked at NIH as a researcher.（王先生在NIH担任研究员）

AARP(American Association of Retired People.)（美国退休人员协会）

例句：At age50,you are eligible to be a member of AARP.（如果你50岁就可以成为AARP 的会员)

AAUP(American Association of University Professors)(美国大学教授协会）

例句：The AAUP has many branches at different colleges and universities in the U.S. (AAUP在美国各大学有很多分会)

SCORE(Services Corps of Retired Executives)（退休主管服务队）(这是美国企业界主管退休后，免费担任顾问，协助年轻人创业的团体。）

(注意：corps单复数一样，发音与corpse不同，要小心。）

(注：老外在机构名称缩写字前面，有时加冠词the,a,an，有时不加，不过在正式文件里，通常都加。）

2.一般考试名称：

SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test)学术能力倾向测验(就是美国为高中生想进大学而设的考试)

例句：The well－known universities accept new students based on SAT scores and well －rounded personalities.(名大学接受新生根据SAT成绩及各方面优良的品德)

GPA(Grade Point Average)（学业成绩总平均）

例句：His GPA always stands on the top of his class.(他的GPA都是全班第一)

GED(General Equivalent Diploma);一般同等文凭（高中没有毕业的学生，如果参加GED，及格后，就可取得高中毕业证书)

例句：If he passes GED test,he will earn a high school diploma.

AP(advanced placement)在校高中生，如果选修AP课程，考试及格，将来进大学时，可不必再修。

例句：His son took some AP courses at high school.

GMAT(Graduate Management Admission Test)美国为攻读企管硕士(MBA)学生而设的入学考试

例句：In order to enter a MBA program,you need a high score on GMAT.

LSAT(Law School Admission Test)美国为攻读法律学生而设的入学考试

例句：He did very well in his LSAT.(他的LSAT考得不错)

MCAT(Medical College Admission Test)美国为进入医学院学生而设的考试

例句：Do you think he will do well in his MCAT?

GRE(Graduate Record Exam)这是美国大学研究所对一般研究生的入学考试

例句：Most American graduate schools require GRE scores.(多半美国研究所需要GRE成绩)

TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)外国学生想进美国大学的英语能力考试(即所谓：「托福」考试)

例句：Almost all Chinese college graduates are required to take TOEFL if they come to the U.S.for advanced degrees.(几乎所有的中国大学毕业生都要参加TOEFL，假如他们要到美国取得高学位的话。)

CLEP（College Level Exam Program)任何人只要有学识专长，都可参加这种考试，一旦及格，就可取得大学的学分。

例句：As long as you pass CLEP,You may earn college credits.（只要你通过CLEP，就能获得大学学分。）

(注：老外一般所谓「大学」只说College，不说University）

ESOL（English for Speakers of Other Languages）这是美国为新来移民或外国学生所设的特别英语课程。也叫ESL（English as a Second Language）

例句：Many American campuses offer ESOL courses for foreign students.（许多美国校园为外国学生开设ESOL课程）

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc10304713.html,

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

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