Unit 10 The Jeaning of America答案综合教程二

Unit 10 The Jeaning of America

Key to the Exercises

Text comprehension

I.

B

II.

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. T

III.

1. Because they symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equality …”; They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes and they are favored by all the American people.

2. Levi Strauss went West, taking with him canvas to sell for tenting. Since the canvas wasn’t suitable for tenting, he had them tailored into stiff but rugged pants which were badly demanded by miners. So Strauss was in business.

3. The word “jeans” derives from Genes, the French word for Genoa, where a similar cloth as that used by Strauss was produced; and “blue” refers to indigo, the color Strauss had his cloth dyed, hence the pants got their name “blue jeans”.

4. At first blue jeans were largely confined to the working people of the West. During the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, they were first introduced to the East. Another boost for them came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work.

5. Blue jeans can be purchased for the suitably proletarian look, and they adapt themselves to any sort of idiosyncratic use, and are suitable for various decorations and ornamentations.

6. The stru cture of the title is “the + v.ing + of + noun”, which indicates passive voice, like “the making of history”, while the noun “jean” is used as a verb. So the title means that America is “jeaned” or America became jeaned, i.e. America is made a country unde r the fashion of jeans or jeans became an overwhelming fashion in America.

IV.

1. They do not show differences in the wearer’s professions and social status; they only show that the wearer is as American as most Americans in jeans.

2. For two years, he worked as a peddler of low social status, dragging heavy bags of various articles from door to door and trying to sell them, but he could barely manage to support himself.

Structural analysis of the text

1. The incidents that led to the birth of blue jeans:

1) Levi’s accidental discovery of the need of the miners in the West for sturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the digging.

2) Levi’s brothers sent him brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, instead of the previous canvas.

3) Davis fixed copper rivets on blue jeans as a kind of joke.

2. The incidents that made them popular throughout the country:

1) Blue jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easterners returned and spread the word about the wonderful pants with rivets.

2) Another boost came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work.

Vocabulary

I. Phrase

1. get around: spread 传播，流传，各处走动

2. draw no distinctions: do not indicate differences / do not distinguish people according to their social status

3. eke out a living: make just enough money to survive 艰难度日

4. jump at the opportunity: eagerly seize the opportunity 迫不及待地接受机会

5. and the like: and people or something of the same kind 诸如此类，类似的人或物

II.

1. favor;

2. sought after;

3. break up;

4. stand up to;

5. had run out of;

6. converts into;

7. adapted to;

8. word of mouth.

III. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. emigration

2. exaggerated

3. adaptable

4. conversion

5. prosperity

6. demanding

7. symbolized

8. profits

IV.

1. A;

2. D;

3. B;

4. D;

5. C;

6. D;

7. B;

8. D.

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. Antonym: unequally

2. Synonym: simply, just

3. Synonym: pulling, dragging

4. Synonym: significance, importance

5. Synonym: following, subsequent

6. Synonym: dependability, durability

7. Antonym: soft, flexible

8. Synonym: only

VI. Suffix

Write in each space one word that has the same suffix as underlined in each given word.

1. widen quicken

2. symbolize hospitalize

3. productive explosive

4. washable drinkable

5. education foundation

6. foolish childish

7. careless restless

8. atomic heroic

Grammar Exercises

I. Put the verbs into the simple past or past perfect.

1. had waited; turned up

2. differed

3. felt; had been settled

4. had been read; were

5. refused; had seen / saw

6. had known

7. had spoken

8. had been built; was converted; dissolved

II.

A: lost; it’s / has been; I’ve / have spent; had always spent; have

B: haven’t ever had; don’t have

A: found; had just quit

B: sounds; I’ll / shall do; did; I’d / had considered

A: I’ve / have just taken

III.

1. √

2. had been—was

3. surprising—surprised

4. other—another

5. has—had

6. come—had come

7. have bought—buy

8. never bought—had never bought

9. assuring—assured

10. is—was

IV. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.

1. repaired

2. educated

3. driving

4. picked

5. talking

6. disobeyed

7. walking 8. come

V. Give a negative adjective ending with -able or -ible related to the following words. (Negative prefixes include -in, -im, -il, -ir, -un, -um, etc.)

1. inconceivable;

2. imperturbable;

3. innumerable;

4. irreparable;

5. unendurable;

6. unobjectionable;

7. uncontrollable; 8. unimaginable;

9. ineradicable; 10. unsaleable / unsalable;

11. irreconcilable; 12. inexplicable.

1. agreement

2. eligibility

3. endure

4. vision

5. resist

6. move

7. convert

8. number

9. access 10. repair

Key:

1. disagreeable

2. ineligible

3. unendurable

4. invisible

5. irresistible

6. immovable

7. inconvertible

8. innumerable

9. inaccessible 10. irreparable

Translation

I.

1.它们不辨身份，不分阶级：唯一的标签就是美国（制造的）。

2.一到美国，Levi就发现，他的两个兄弟所说的那里“遍地机会，生计容易”言过其实。

3. Levi的牛仔裤被引入东部显然是在20世纪30年代去西部牧场度假的热潮中开始的。当时许多度假回来的东部人口口相传，宣传了这种打了铆钉的神奇裤子。

4.这些裤子演变成了一种传统，同时还获得了自己独特的历史——以至于后来公司在旧金山设了一座博物馆。

II.

1. He can’t even draw a distinction between French a nd Spanish, let alone speak them.

2. In a craze for cultural relics in the 1990s, old chinaware, such as those handed down from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, were much sought after by collectors.

3. Despite the opposition of most of his advisors, the general decided to take his chances on the battle and suffered a total defeat in the end.

4. The Chinese nation has stood up to the vicissitudes of thousands of years and is now in the process of rejuvenation.

5. I wish you would confine your talk to the facts rather than spread word about the biased report in that newspaper.

6. The first thing he did after his arrival in Paris was to convert all his money into euros.

7. That Shakespearean play was tailored to the taste of the Chinese audience when it was put on the Chinese stage, so much so that it was more like a Chinese play than an English one.

8. You must abandon your native language for some time, if you really want to acquire a good competence in English.

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

As the eldest son of my parents / who were themselves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family./

It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to rise every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be released / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon./ But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me / that this would not, could not, should not last / — I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy. /

II. Cloze

(1) than (2) for (3) because (4) of (5) that

(6) as (7) for (8) how (9) of (10) man

Writing Practice

Paragraph development — Following the chronological order

Discussion: A paragraph can also be organized chronologically; that is, items, events, or ideas are arranged in the order in which they occur. Such a pattern is often seen in narratives and process descriptions. Look at the following example:

One day, when my friend, Xiao Yang, was leaving a restaurant, two waiters stopped him, calling him “a thief,” and threatened to send him to the police. He was struck dumbfounded and felt confused. Not until he was brought into the manager’s office did he begin to realize what was going on. When he was eating in the restaurant, he found his soup not salty enough to his liking. So he got out a salt bottle that he had brought with him and added some salt into it. As a man from North China, he invariably finds food in Shanghai too sweet and not salty enough, so he often goes around carrying a salt shaker, a very fancy bottle, in his pocket. After he used the shaker, he put it on the table.

A few moments later, when he looked up from his plate, he suddenly found his beautiful bottle missing. He first looked under the table, and then checked all his pockets, but it was just nowhere to be found … Eventually he spotted a woman at a nearby table holding his shaker in her hand …

Develop two paragraphs based on the first sentences given.

1. The funniest experience that I’ve ever had is once when I was jogging in a park.

Ideas for reference:

It was a fine morning and it was breezing.

It seemed that he would stick to me wherever I would go.

It had all happened because of a mistake.

Sample:

The funniest experience that I’ve ever had is once when I was jogging in a park. It was a fine morning and it was breezing. I was running slowly along a trail and suddenly, a young man, fifteen or sixteen years old, showed up a few meters ahead, and smiled to me.

I didn’t know who he was and where he had come from. I smiled back and went along past him. Then I noticed that he began to jog behind me, very close, almost on my heels. I didn’t feel anything weird about it until ten minutes later: I realized that he had been deliberately following me. Whenever I slowed down, he would slow down as well, and the very moment I picked up a bit speed, he would do likewise. Finally I stopped and walked towards a bench close by. Strange enough but somewhat expected, he stopped jogging as well and just came after me. It seemed that he would stick to me wherever I would go. I just went up to the bench and turned back. I was beginning to sit down when he suddenly said, “A moment please!” and then began to wi pe the seat with a towel. Watching what he had done, I was all puzzled. I looked at him, not knowing what to say except a “thank you.” I sat down and turned to him, waiting for an explanation, when he suddenly knelt down, saying, “Master Liang, please take me as your student. I’ll work hard and become one of your best students and earn credit to you.” A moment later, all my suspicion was gone. It had all happened because of a mistake: he said that I looked very much like a kungfu master that he admired the most and who often exercised in the park. What a pity, for I wasn’t the master. But we both felt happy, because that was a memorable morning for both of us.

2. Every Monday morning is about the same to me.

Ideas for reference:

I am a simple person and live a simple life.

I always keep alert until the very end of the class.

At that time most of us feel just exhausted.

Sample:

I am a simple person and live a simple life. Every Monday morning is nearly the same to me. I always wake up between 6 and 6:15. The very first thing that I do after or even before I open my eyes is to fumble for my mobile phone. Then, I get up and pull on my gym clothes for half an hour’s exercise on the sports ground of the university, with my meal bowls close by —after the exercise I will go straight to our cafeteria for breakfast. Right after breakfast, I go back to my dorm to change clothes and pick textbooks and stuff for today’s lessons. The first class, Reading, starts at 8, but not always, because the teacher can be occasionally late. The next class is Translation Practice which is both fun and challenging. It is fun because the teacher is humorous and witty. But don’t chew over any of his quotable remarks for too long, because he has moved on and is ready to challenge you with a tricky question at any time, if he picks a signal which says that you are not following his lecture. So I always keep alert until the very end of the class, 11:30, when we leave for the cafeteria. At that time most of us feel just exhausted and we are too tired to rush to the cafeteria. We just drag our feet along. My lunch on Monday usually

takes 45 minutes, 10 minutes longer than the other days, because I need the extra time to recover and get ready for the boring and long afternoon that is to come.

Listening Exercises

Listen to the commentary on a Youth Fashion Show.

A. Listen carefully. Pay special attention to the following words, and study their definitions carefully.

fashion-conscious very concerned with fashion

outfit (matching) combination of clothing

trilby a soft hat with brim

baggy loose-fitting; not tight

afloat on the sea / on a boat

to cap it all play on words: 1) as the final touch; 2) as headgear (cap)

zip-up jacket jacket fastened with a zip

sling drape loosely (past participle: slung)

trainers shoes for sports

turn a few heads catch (i.e., young men’s) attention

tartan woolen cloth woven with bands of different colours and widths crossing each other at right angles, of a kind worn originally by Scottish

Highlanders

cloak a loose outer garment, usu. Without sleeves, which is fastened under the throat and covers most of the body

tunic a loose-fitting garment, usu. Without sleeves, which reaches to the knees and is usu. Worn with a belt around the waist

step out 1) go out (to enjoy oneself); 2) walk outside

jumper a woolen garment for the top half of the body

pleated with pressed folds (see drawing)

tights a very close fitting garment made of thin material covering the legs and lower part of the body, as worn by girls and women

strap a narrow band of strong material used as a fastening or support

beret a round usu. Woolen cap with a tight headband and a soft full flat top

B. Listen again. Name each model correctly according to the description you hear and write down how much the clothes cost.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Name: Joanne Name: Angela Name: Anne-Marie Name:

Sophie

Cost: just over ￡13 Cost: ￡11.30 Cost: just under ￡16 Cost: a little over ￡15

C. Listen once more. Give brief descriptions of what each model is wearing.

1.Joanne: a long, knitted skirt; a check blouse; denim waistcoat; a silk scarf; black

ankle-length boots; and a trilby.

2.Angela: a white T-shirt; a pair of baggy blue jeans; a real sailor’s hat; a black,

zip-up jacket; white socks and trainers.

3.Anne-Marie: a tartan cloak; a belted tunic; and a pair of riding-boots.

4.Sophie : a jumper; a short pleated skirt; knee-length socks; pointed shoes with

straps; and a brown beret.