2018专八语言知识题八大类高频考点

2018专八语言知识题八大类高频考点

2018专八语言知识题主要考查：1.语法是否扎实;2.词汇掌握是否丰富，词汇的搭配与用法;3.对篇章结构(句子间逻辑关系)是否敏感。

短语搭配错误(大部分为介词错误)

carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things

to let alone –> let alone

in return to –> in return for

the need of –> the need for

substitute A with B –> substitute A for B

account 70% --> account for 70%

under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/that attitude on life –> attitude towards/to life

in a quick speed –> at a quick speed

with many respects –> in many respects

at the face of –> in the face(s) of

considerations to…–> considerations for…

become victims of …--> become victims to …

ride in a train –> ride on a train

the problems with the government –> the problems for the government

resistive against –> resistive to

resistance of –> resistance to

embark sth –> embark on sth

with the belief that –> in the belief that

at advance of sth –> in advance of sth

interpret…to –> interpret…as

in line to –> in line with

to varing degrees –> in varing degrees

take pride of –> take pride in

leap out to me –> leap out at me

inject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strains charge him with the same price –> charge him the same price

imbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and B shortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)

shed light to sth –> shed light on sth

in proportion with –> in proportion to

pay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars

be in liberty to –> be at liberty to

begin at doing –> begin with doing

be contrasted to –> be contrasted with

commit an offence to –> commit an offence against modern time –> modern times

ability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sth

defend sth against –> defend sth from

at the first place –> in the first place

pay money in doing –> pay money for doing

take to do –> take to doing (“求助于，开始”，to为介词) yearn to –> yearn for

at average –> on average

identify oneself to –> identify oneself with

be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doing

get one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做，认真做)

the action of formation –> the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词)

approach to do …–> approach to doing …

one contributor of –> one contributor to

consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumersdemand for luxury goods

on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s

balk to –> balk at (回避，绕过)

differ A from B –> distinguish A from B

suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sth

vary by –vary with

emphasis of –emphasis on

易混词错误

(1)形近异义词

imaginative –imaginary

adapt –adopt

confirm –conform

former –formal

diary –dairy

personal –personnel

beside –besides

principal –principle

intelligent –intelligible

conscious –conscientious

stationary –stationery

considerate –considerable

affect(影响) –effect(致使、达成)

contact –contract

moral –morale

industrious –industrial

desert –dessert

require –acquire –inquire

presence –presentation

sensible –sensitive

transformation –transmission

value –evaluate

tense –tension

anything –something

cooker –cook

complexity(复杂性) –complex(合成体)

insurance –assurance

provide(提供) –provided/providing(假设，如果)

perceive –conceive

effective(有效的) –affective(受…影响的，由…引起的)

(2)形近(形异)近义词

latter –later

late(迟的，已故的) –latest(最晚的，最新的)

farther(距离更远) –further(程度更进一步)

healthy(健康的) –healthful(有益健康的)

effective –efficient

continual(连续的) –continuous(持续不断的)

respectable –respectful

historic –historical

rise –arise –raise –arouse

sure –insure –ensure –assure

in return to –in response to

opposite –opposition

producing –productive

lonely –alone

across –cross

impressed -- impressive

permit(n.通行证) –permission

relating –related

memorizing –memorable

normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) –norm(规范,行为标准) favorite –favorable

acceptability –acceptance

economical –economic

few –little

a few –few

little –a little

invent –discover

before –ago

another –other

agent(代理人) –agency(代理机构)

reward(回馈) –award(奖赏)

special –specific

(3)兼有两种形式的副词

firstly –first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first表示时间上“第一次、首次”) hardly(几乎不) –hard(努力地)

sure –surely

late –lately

clear(完全地、径直地) –clearly(显然、清楚地)

high(高度高地) –highly(程度高地、非常)

close(接近地、紧密地) –closely(紧密地、严密地)

most(最) –most(大部分)

(4)反义词

with –without

possible –impossible

subjective –objective

import –export

better –worse

employee –employer

employment –unemployment

modifiable –unmodifiable

natural –unnatural

discernable –indiscernable

lent –borrowed

exclusive –inclusive

independency –dependency

willing –unwilling

nothing more than –nothing less than

agree –disagree

rarely –frequently / often

specific –general

less –more (still more–still less)

most –least

known –unknown

respective –irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管…”)

majority –minority

result in –result from

fortunately -- unfortunately

powerful –powerless

easiness –uneasiness

professional –amateur

aware –unaware

include –exclude

(5) 名词单复数异义

moral –morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)

collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) –collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”) manner(方法,方式) –manners(礼仪,礼节)

saving –savings(复数表示“存款”)

specie(硬币) –species(种类)(species只有单数)

mean(n.平均值) –means(方法)

(6) 易混短语

live with(同…一起生活,忍受) –live by(靠…过活)

go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) –go around(四处走动,绕道走) tend to –intend to

in next week(以当下时间为基准点) –in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)

spend…in doing sth –spend…on sth

die of(内部) –die from(外部)

rather than –other than

have sb do sth –have sth done

take on(从事，开始对付，呈现) –go on(继续)

take place –take the place of

consist in(在于) –consist of(包括)

in all(总共) –after all(毕竟)

in return(作为报答) –in turn(反过来，轮流)

one reason for +短语–one reason why +句子

bring out(使显露，使显现) –bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)抵达目的地)

be worth doing –be worthwhile to do

react to(对…作出反应) –react with(以…作出反应)

apply…to(将…应用于) –apply for(请求，申请)

逻辑关系错误(连词使用错误)

therefore –nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)

and –but / while

or –and

but –because

moreover –however

after –before

since –although

there is no…–there is also…

that –if

from now on –from then on

all –none

besides –yet

if –unless

besides –except

therefore –because

so –because

so does he…–neither/nor does he…

that’s why +结果–that’s because +原因

as if –even if

whether –if

代词错误(一致错误)

their –its

that –those (需要特别注意)

which –that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)

which –what

it –itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)

that/this –it (只有it可作形式主语)

his –one’s (泛指时用one)

you –yourself

it –they

this –such

XX is less sophisticated than what they are today –XX is less sophisticated than they are today

冠词错误

(1)定冠词多余

on the either side –> on either side

in the Europe –> inEurope

in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)

Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book –Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用

冠词)

take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不同意)

(2)定冠词缺漏

among most –> among the most

one of first –> one of the first

atmosphere –> the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)(另外还有如：the Equator, the Outerspace) between us and rest –> between us and the rest

in minority –> in the minority

around floor –> around the floor

piano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)

English language –> the English language

at heart of –> at the heart of

world –> the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)

in long run –> in the long run

(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用

illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)

注意以下短语的区别

in church –in the church

at college –at the college

in court –in the court

in hospital –in the hospital

in office –in the office

in prison –in the prison

at sea –at the sea

in school –in the school

at table –at the table

形容词与副词使用错误

have been currently –> current

be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as

heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized

spread colossal –> spread colossally

similar strong –> similarly strong

keep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a year

feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted

comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion

(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth

in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years

culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes

as much as –> as often as

from one meter afar –> from one meter away

increasing –> increasingly

simple –> simply

pure –> purely

much –> many

many –> more

large –> larger

early –> earlier

成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)

a world which I could get…–> a world in which I could get…

shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)

take for granted that –> take it for grated that

1980 –1980s

one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms

their jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用(某人时间)，吸引(某人注意力)”)

complain about sth –> complain sth

work sth –> work out sth

believe in –believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰…”)

point sth –> point out sth

20 percents –> 20 percent

eyes contact –> eye contact

seven –seventh

the process which it function –> the process by which it function

communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)

average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)

the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的)

be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX

be viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词)

时态或语态错误

went –go

agreeing –agreed

consisted –consisting

bored –boring

favoring –favored

if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句)

involves –involving

will –would (虚拟语气中)

delaying –delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)

the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)

assure –assures (第三人称单数)

have –has (要看清句子真正的主语)

developing –developed

confronting –confronted

the least understanding –> the least understood

what the have told –what they have been told

if circumstances become favorable –if circumstances should become favorable