2014年6月22日军转干考试国际时事政治
2014年天津政法干警考试行测备考：削弱型推理知识点储备
天津人事考试网https://www.360docs.net/doc/f114909965.html,
今年的政法干警考试备考工作已经在紧张的进行中了，接下来中公政法干警考试网就为大家详细叙述削弱型推理专题。
例题1：现在，在黄金领域进行投资将是一项有利可图的商业活动。《中国黄金》杂志的一项调查表明，该杂志读者中有88%的人正在计划最近购买一批金条，而对于黄金投资市场的研究显示，目前每年推出的金条购赎业务只能满足购买需求的70%。
下面哪项如果为真，最能对上文投资建议的正确性构成质疑?
A.购买金条的人中大约有一半的人为了购买金条而进行抵押贷款
B.在金条购赎业务开展的前两个星期里，金条只卖出了总数的20%
C.购买金条的人中大约有一半的人曾经有过黄金投资行为
D.那些宣称购买金条的人中仅仅只有的20%的人最后真的购买了金条
【答案详解】题干中认为“在黄金领域进行投资是一项有利可图的行为”，依据是“调查表明有88%的人都计划购买金条，而目前推出的金条购赎业务只能满足70%”。
D项则指出那些宣称购买的仅有20%的人最后购买了，即两者之间是有差异的，因此也就不存在购赎业务不能满足的状况，也就不能证明在黄金领域进行投资有利可图，是对题干的质疑。其他几个选项均不能对题干投资建议的正确性进行质疑。因此，答案选D。
当题干是通过不完全归纳推理进行论证而得出结论时，“论据与论点之间没有联系或有差异”往往表现为“以偏概全”的逻辑错误。其削弱方式就是拿出论据，说明用这种不完全归纳推理得出的结论是错误的，从而削弱论证。
例题2：某市瑞奇商场服装部在今年第三季度的销售中，大打“节日牌”，充分利用节日开展促销活动，使第三季度的营业额连续增长。据统计，7月份的销售额增长8%，8月份增长10%，9月份增长13%，该商场的管理层希望在今年的第四季度向整个商场推广这种节日促销策略，力争全商场所有销售部门的营业额有跨越式的增长。
以下哪项如果为真，能够最有效地说明该商场管理层的这种希望可能会落空?
A.节日期间逛街买衣服已经成为人们的一种消费习惯，但对于在节日期间购买其他商品，人们似乎并不热衷
B.辛苦工作了一年，很多人在年底腰包鼓起来，希望为自己、亲人或朋友购买称心的商品，以表示对自己的犒劳，以及对亲人和朋友的慰问
C.瑞奇商场服装部在第三季度打理开发消费者在中国传统节日的消费潜力，并针对不同的节日将宣传对象的重点放在不同的消费者身上
D.该市打“节日牌”的商场不止瑞奇商场一家，但这些商场多年来已经形成了各自比较固定的消费者群体
【答案详解】管理层的希望是通过节日促销策略让商场所有销售部门的营业额有跨越式增长。论据是节日促销策略使服装部销售额连续增长。
A项如果为真，说明服装部的情况与其他销售部门的情况不同，该策略运用到其他部门可能无法奏效，题干的希望是“以偏概全”，从而削弱了这一希望;B、C两项加强了这种希望。D项在一定程度上削弱了这种希望，但是并不是最能使这种希望落空的论断。因此，答案选A。
因果倒置
如果某两类因素A和B紧密相关，题干就指出A是造成B的原因，那么要削弱它，就可以说明B 才是造成A的原因，这就是所谓的“因果倒置”。
例题3：相比那些不踢足球的大学生，经常踢足球的大学生的身体普遍健康些。由此可见，足球运动能锻炼身体，增进身体健康。
以下哪项为真，最能削弱上述论断?
A.大学生踢足球是出于兴趣爱好，不是为了锻炼身体
B.身体不太好的大学生一般不参加激烈的足球运动
C.足球运动有一定的危险性，容易使人受伤
D.研究表明，长跑比踢足球更能达到锻炼身体的目的
【答案详解】题干由经常踢足球的大学生普遍比不踢足球的身体好作为论据得出“足球运动能锻炼身体，增进身体健康”的结论。
B项指出，身体不好的大学生一般不参加激烈的足球运动，即题干的论证是“因果倒置”，有力地削弱了题干论断。A、C、D三项均属于无关项，不能对题干论断提出质疑。因此，答案选B。
例题4：近来的一项研究表明：那些在舒适工作环境里工作的人比在不舒适工作环境里工作的人生产效率高25%。这表明：日益改善的工作环境可以提高工人的生产率。
以下哪项如果为真，则最能削弱以上结论?
A.平均来说，生产率低的员工每天在工作场所的时间比生产率高的员工要少
B.舒适的环境比不舒适的环境更能激励员工努力工作
C.生产率高的员工通常得到舒适的办公场所作为酬劳
D.生产率高的员工不会比生产率低的员工认识错误的时间长
【答案详解】题干中结论是“日益改善的工作环境可以提高工人的生产率”，即指出改善工作环境是提高生产率的原因。
C项指出员工是因为生产率高才享有舒适的办公场所，而不是因为进了舒适的办公场所生产率才高的，题干论证是“因果倒置”，也就削弱了结论;A项即使为真，也不能说明改善工作环境不能提高生产率;B项实际上是支持了结论;D项属于无关项，与工作环境无关。因此，答案选C。
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2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案最全.doc
Part I Writing ( 30minutes) 1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 2、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（小编写的就是这篇，还行~~） 3、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have___ 36___such as tax-free interest. Some may even be___37___. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questions often___38___first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “If I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on___39___securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have___40___ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a___ 41___, i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i. e ., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally___42___inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa (反之亦然）. Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk. The second question is “ How can I___43___the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard & Poor's and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And___44___, the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。
2014年12月英语六级冲刺试题及答案1
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2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级完形填空真题及答案【9套卷全】
For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene （卫生）. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E
2014年12月英语六级真题及答案(全套)
2014年12月英语六级真题及答案（文字版） 考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对Part I Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following t opic. You should write at least 180 words but no more than 200 words. 作文题一：学历歧视 作文部分： 【学历歧视：参考范文】 In the modern society, with competition becomes increasingly fierce, to find a job is to o difficult for the young generation. Academic qualification, as a job a stepping-stone, is a n essential factor during the job hunting. Some people think that the highly educated must be able to find a good job, because education can prove that a person has a good capacity. Therefore, it is commonly believe
that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a un dergraduate. However, now the company interviewers generally prefer to required a even h igher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. Otherwise, the applicants, even though h e or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly. As far as I am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. As for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. Now the whole comm unity often talk about working ability and efficiency. For example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. So both the individual a nd the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. We should rea lize that it is the operational Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was sai d. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question t here will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans wer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Question 1 A.At a grocery B.In a parking lot
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瑞卡萨镇隆重举行。阿卡铁路的全线贯通标志着尼日利亚现代化铁路建设迈出坚实步伐，也标志着首条采用中国标准的现代化铁路扎根非洲大地。 5.中国国民党主席马英九12月2日下午在党内高层会议“中山会报”上宣布，他3日将请辞党主席职务。 6.在首个国家宪法日到来之际，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平作出重要指示。他强调，宪法是国家的根本法，是治国安邦的总章程，是党和人民意志的集中体现，具有最高的法律地位、法律权威、法律效力。坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。要坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路，坚决维护宪法法律权威。要以设立国家宪法日为契机，深入开展宪法宣传教育，大力弘扬宪法精神，切实增强宪法意识，推动全面贯彻实施宪法，更好发挥宪法在全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面推进依法治国中的重大作用。 7.从国家旅游局获悉：截至11月，中国内地公民当年出境旅游首次突破1亿人次。从“请进来”到“走出去”，中国内地公民出境旅游人数自有统计数据的1998年的843万人次，到2014年破亿，增长10.8倍，既是中国旅游业发展的一个里程碑，也是中国改革开放、经济社会发展进入新阶段具有标志性意义的大事。
2014年6月英语六级真题及答案解析-第二套
2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二) Part I Writing (30 minutes) 题目一： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all eggs in one basket．You can give examples to illustrate your point．You should write at least 150 words and no more than 200words． 题目二： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something．You can give examples to illustrate your point． You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words． 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer ．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre． 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1．A．They might be fake products． B．They might be stolen goods． C．They might be faulty products． D．They might be smuggled goods． 2．A．They are news reporters． B．They are job applicants． C．They are civil servants． D．They are public speakers． 3．A．The man went to change the time of his computer class． B．A computer degree is a must for administrative work． C．The woman wants to get a degree in administration． D．The man has decided to quit his computer class． 4．A．It was sponsored by a car manufacturer． B．It was not as exciting as he had expected． C．The fifth contestant won the biggest prize． D．A lot of contestants participated in the show． 5．A．Reading a newspaper column． B．Waiting for someone at the airport． C．Driving from New York to Boston． D．Looking at a railway timetable．
2014年6月B级真题
Part I 1．A. Quite a lot. B. My pleasure . C. Thank you very much .D. Yes, but he’s not in . 2．A. Wait a minute . B. Yes, I do . C. See you later. D. Fine, thanks . 3．A. Take it easy. B. Mind your step. C. Very much . D. So am I. 4．A. At 16:30. B. No, thanks. C. Here we are . D. Can I help you . 5．A. This way, please’s far away .D.Take care. 6．A. Find a new apartment. B. Give up his plan. C. Get a new job. D. Put forward a suggestion . 7. A. A professor . B.An engineer. C. A student leader D. A social worker. 8. A. He took the wrong medicine . B. He has a headache . C. He has broken his arm . D. He got a heart attack . 9. A. German. B.Japanese. C. Spanish. D. French. 10. A. He is out of work. B. He has been ill for days . C. He is short of money . D. He lost his credit card . Looking for an apartment can be a difficult job. The first thing to 11 is how much money you can spend . You cannot rent a home if it’s too 12 .Secondly, where the home is located is also important. You don’t want a home too 13 from work . You might want to spend a little more money to be closer to your office .Anyway, before you look for a place to live in, you should 14 of all the things you want and need. This will be easier for you to make the 15 . Part II 16. You can ask these experts advice in job hunting . A. on B. over C. from D. for 17. If you want to get there before dark, you should start your journey . A. at times B. at once C. in person D. in detail. 18. The play was so boring I could hardly keep myself from falling asleep. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 19. We hope that our customers can advantage of this new service . A. have B. carry C. take D. bring 20. The unemployment rate has become much lower the government took these measures. A. but B. since C. if D. while 21. The rope is not strong enough to the weight of the big case . A.conduct B. produce C. make D. support 22. He attended school in England for several years ,after he returned home . A. what B. that C. which D. whom 23. You can trust our product as we have control over its quality . A. strict B. limited C. little D. natural 24. A new study finds out that a kid can learn without what he is doing . A. realize B. realized C. realizing D. to realize 25. last year, traffic accidents have decreased by 10% this year . A. Related to B. Compared with C. Compared about D. Dealt with 26. You’d better make a phone call (check) whether the email has been received . 27. We had been working for almost 16 hours, and we (final) finished the task . 28. The Prize in Economics (establish) in 1968, that is , more than half a century ago. 29. He is thinking of (leave) his job and going to Germany for further study.
2014年12月英语六级听力试题及答案 第1套
2014年12月英语六级听力原文第1套Section A 1. A) The man's tennis racket is good enough. B) The man should get a pair of new shoes. C) She can wait for the man for a little while. D) Physical exercise helps her stay in shape. 2. A) The woman will skip Dr. Smith's lecture to help the man. B) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith. C) The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations. D) The man will do all he can do assist the woman. 3. A) The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party. B) Steve became rich soon after graduation from college. C) Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage. D) The speakers and Steve used to be classmates. 4. A) In a bus. B) In a clinic. C) In a boat. D) In a plane. 5. A) 10:10. B) 9:50. C) 9:40. D) 9:10. 6. A) She does not like John at all. B) John has got many admirers. C) She does not think John is handsome. D) John has just got a bachelor's degree. 7. A) He has been bumping along for hours. B) He has got a sharp pain in the neck. C) He is involved in a serious accident. D) He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam. 8. A) She is good at repairing things. B) She is a professional mechanic. C) She should improve her physical condition. D) She cannot go without a washing machine. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) Some witnesses failed to appear in court. B) The case caused debate among the public. C) The accused was found guilty of stealing. D) The accused refused to plead guilty in court. 10. A) He was out of his mind. B) He was unemployed. C) His wife deserted him. D) His children were sick. 11. A) He had been in jail before. B) He was unworthy of sympathy. C) He was unlikely to get employed. D) He had committed the same sort of crime. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Irresponsible. B) Unsatisfactory. C) Aggressive. D) Conservative.