2001年1月阅读解析第五篇

2001年1月第五篇

Questions 41-50

The tern “art deco” has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920’s and 1930’s. The first was what is frequently referred to as “zigzag

10)

The second manifestation of art deco was the 1930’s streamlined moderne” style—a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as “speed stripes.” In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.

15) The third style, referred to as cither “ international stripped classicism,” or simply

“ classical moderne,” also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe

20) were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression .

Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. For example, like “art nouveau” (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but

regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as 25) flowing, a symmetrical foliage, Like the Viennese craftspeople of the Wiener Werkstatte,

art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully

ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United States, art deep practitioners considered it their mission to transform the domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories.

题目解析：

41. What aspect of art deco does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories

(B) Ways in which government programs encouraged the development of art deco

(D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California

解析：从文章中举例频频出现的建筑可见，本文讨论的是其在建筑上的表现。正确选项为C。

42. The word “encompass” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) include

(D) enhance

解析：separate，分开；include，包括，包含；replace，归还；enhance，加强。encompass，包含。正确选项为B。

43. The phrase “The first” in line 2 refers to

(A) the term “art deco”

(B) design trends

(D) skyscrapers

解析：文中第一句话The tern“art deco”has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920’S and 1930’S．The first was what is frequently referred to as“zigzag moderne”。这个first是前面提到的hree distinct but related design trends之一。正确选项为B。

44. In line 9, the author mentions “an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower ” in order to

(A) describe the exterior shape of certain “art deco” buildings

(B) explain the differences between ancient and modern architectural steles

(D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design

解析：由文章意思可见“该没计类似于古代美索不达米亚的神庙塔，由底部至顶端平台逐渐变小，最后形成一种类似楼悌的效果”，这里提到它是为了描述其形状而举例。正确选项为A。

45. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

(A) animal motifs

(B) flat roofs

(D) “speed stripes”

解析：文中第13行至第14行” In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.”是说在建筑学上，这些元素常常是伴随着圆形的窗户、玻璃块的大量使用以及平坦的屋顶，只有图案没有提到。因此正确选项为A。

46. The phrase “came to the forefront” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) grew in complexity

(B) went through a process

(D) became important

解析： forefront本身有“最前线、最重要的位置”之意。故此处应选D。

47. According to the passage, which of the following statements most accurately

describes the relationship between art deco and art nouveau?

(A) They were art forms that competed with each other for government support during the Depression era.

(B) They were essentially the same art form.

(D) Art deco became important in the United States while art nouveau became popular in England.

解析：文章整个最后一段中可以找到两者关系的表述。Although art deco in its many forms waslargely perceived as thoroughly modern，it was strongly irffluenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it．For example，like“art nouveau”这句中，从preceded it 可见，art nouveau的形成要更早一些。正确选项为C。

48. According to the passage, a building having an especially ornate appearance would most probably have been designed in the style of

(A) zigzag moderne

(B) streamlined moderne

(D) the Arts and Crafts Movement

解析：由原文it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements可知，arts movements的特点是decorative，很强的装饰性。而曲线风格特点是几何、抽象图形、流线风格特点是玻璃、窗、平屋顶等；古典风格是以简单为美的。因此正确选项为D。

49. According to the passage, which of the following design trends is known by more than one name ?

(A) Zigzag moderne

(B) Streamlined moderne

(D) Arts and Crafts Movement

解析：文中第15行至第16行The third style，referred to as either“international stripped classicism，”or simply“classical moderne，”故选择C。

50. The passage is primarily developed as

(A) the historical chronology of a movement

(B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty

(D) an argument of the advantages of one artistic form over another

解析：从本文的各段首句可知，第一段说明有3种潮流，以后各段各介绍一种。因此正确选项为C。

文章翻译：

“装饰派艺术”一词包含了1920年代和1930年代的三个完全不同但又互相关联的设计潮流。第一个常被称作“曲线风格”——一种异国情调的装饰风格，比如纽约的chrysler大厦以及相关的结构，再比如加州奥克兰的派乐门剧院。“曲线装饰”一词影射的是一种几何和程式化的装饰，包括曲线、棱角图案、抽象的动植物图形、旭日图形、占星图象、定型的喷泉、莫塞克浮雕上以及其他建筑物内外壁画上出现过的相关主题图案。很多这类建筑被设计成梯形金字塔状，该设计类似于古代美索不达米亚的神庙塔，由底部至顶端平台逐渐变小，最后形成一种类似楼梯的效果。

装饰派艺术的第二种表现是1930年代的“流线型风格”——一种拥有圆形拐角和称为“Speed stripes”的水平镶边的未来派流线风格。在建筑学上，这些元素常常是伴随着圆形的窗户、玻璃块的大量使用以及平坦的屋顶。

第三种风格，称为“超国界精炼古典主义”，或干脆叫“古典派风格”，也在1930年代的经济大萧条时期登上舞台。这是一种相对保守的风格，混合了简约的现代派风格和一种更朴素的几何与程式化浮雕雕刻和其他包括内部壁画在内的装饰。很多这种风格的建筑于大萧条时期在政府的安排下建造于全国各地。

虽然装饰派艺术在其很多表现形式中被认为是完全现代的，但它其实深受之前发生的装饰美术运动的影响。例如，就像流行于1890～1910的“新艺术”一样，装饰派艺术也运用了植物

图形，不同的是它将图形规范为一种抽象的重复的图案，而非流畅不对称的花、茎、叶的装饰。如同Wiener Werkstatte的维也纳手工艺匠一样，装饰派艺术的设计师们也使用了外来的材料、几何的形状以及色彩华丽的图案。此外，就像英格兰和美国工艺运动中的工匠一样，装饰派艺术工作者们认为他们的使命就是通过设计精良的家具和家庭用品来改造家庭环境。

文章生词：

Paragraph 1

tern

n. 三个一套

a. 三个一套的

art deco 艺术装饰

trend

n. 趋势，方位，倾向

v. 伸向，通向，倾向

frequently ad. 经常地，频繁地

zigzag n. Z字形, 蜿蜒曲折, 锯齿形adj. 曲折的, Z字形的, 锯齿形的adv. 曲折地, 成锯齿形地

exotically adv. 异国地，外来地ornamental adj. 装饰性的; 装饰用的; 装饰的

skyscraper n. 摩天楼, 超高层大楼; 特别高的东西allude v. 间接提到; 暗示; 影射geometric a. 几何学的, 几何学上的, 几何学图形的stylize vt. 仿效...的风格(因袭) ornamentation n. 装饰; 装饰品

angular adj. 消瘦的, 有角的, 有尖角的

abstract n. 摘要

a. 抽象的v. 摘要, 抽炼

motif n. 主题, 动机, 意念

sunburst n. 从云隙射下的阳光, 镶钻石的太阳形首饰astrological adj. 占星学的, 占星术的

imagery n. 肖像; 雕刻; 比喻

formalize v. 正式化; 使形式化; 定形

fountain n. 泉水; 喷泉

theme n. 主题, 题目, 话题

a. 摩西的

mosaic

n. 马赛克, 镶嵌细工, 镶木细工

n. 壁画

mural

adj. 壁的, 壁似的, 壁上的

ziggurat n. 古代亚述及巴比伦之金字形神塔(顶上有神殿) resemble v. 相似, 象, 类似

recede v. 退, 后退; 变模糊, 变淡; 远去; 变得渺茫progressively adv. 前进地; 日益增加地

n. 顶点

summit

n. 最高官阶; 最高级会议

staircase n.楼梯

Paragraph 2

manifestation n. 显示, 示威运动, 证明

streamline v. 使成流线型, 使合理化

futuristic adj. 未来派的

aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的

a. 水平的, 横的

horizontal

n. 水平线, 水平面

stripe n. 条纹

n. 建筑学, 建筑业

architecture

[总称]建筑物, 建筑风格

element n. 成分; 要素; 分子

accompany v. 陪伴, 带有

rooftop n. 屋顶

Paragraph 3

cither n. 齐特拉琴(古希腊一种类似竖琴的古乐器) classicism n. 古典主义; 古典教育主义; 古典风格; 古典派

severe adj. 严厉的, 剧烈的, 严格的

n. 保守者, 守旧者; 防腐剂; 保守党党员conservative

adj. 保守的, 有保存力的, 守旧的

v. 混合

blend

n. 混合物

modernistic adj. 现代的; 现代主义的; 现代化的; 现代派的austere adj. 严峻的, 简朴的

. 雕刻, 雕塑, 雕刻品

sculpture

v. 雕刻; 以雕刻装饰; 做...的雕像; 雕刻于; 从事雕刻

v. 使竖立, 树立, 使直立

erect

adj. 直立的; 笔直的; 竖立的

Paragraph 4

perceive v. 察觉; 意识到; 感知; 理解

thoroughly ad. 彻底地

decorative adj. 装饰性的, 装潢用的

nouveau adj. 新近到达的; 新近生产的

regularize v. 使有规则, 调整, 使有秩序

repetitive adj. 反复的; 唠叨的

symmetrical adj. 对称的; 整齐的; 匀称的

foliage n. 树叶; 植物

exotic adj. 异国的, 外来的

artisan n. 工匠; 技工

practitioner n. 从业者

a. 国内的, 家庭的, 驯养的

domestic

n. 家仆, 佣人

a. 附属的(副的, 辅助的)

accessory

n. 附件

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人教版初中英语阅读填词专项训练解题技巧】阅读填词又叫综合填空。考查方式是给出一段短文，在文中挖出数空，要求考生根据短文意思，在每一空缺处分别填入一个适当的单词。为降低难度，一般给出了所填单词的第一个字母。阅读填词题是目前中考试题中综合性最强、难度最大的一种主观性题型。本文谈谈做这类题的一般方法。首先，把握文意。阅读填词兼有阅读理解与完形填空两种题型的主要特点，类似补全对话，但又不同于以考查口语应用为主的补全对话题。做这类题，关键是阅读。文章意思清楚了，才可能根据文意进行合理的判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层点的意义信息比较准确地反映出来。其次，注意精读。如果第一遍只是浏览，即使粗略把握了文章大意，对所填单词印象也会过于模糊。因为这类题没有可供选择的答案，所给文章也没有见过，粗略读过，很可能一个单词也填不出来，等于白读。如果第一遍读得细致，初步确定了部分答案，再精读第二遍、第三遍时，因对文章整体内容已有了较具体而连贯的理解，个别细节处也容易作出合理判断。第三，反复琢磨。做这类题，即便精读一、两遍，一般情况下，总会有几空难以确定填哪个词。这时，不必再看全文了，就抓住空词句及其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨就可以了。第四，填写准确。这里的“准确”应包括：①符合要求。即所填单词必须以规定字母开头。②符合意思。既符合整篇文章基调，更符合所在句子的含义，不可出现意义断层。说东道西情况。③符合语法。意义相符了，单词选准了，还要注意所填单词是否要作词形变化：如名词是否要用复数，形容词是否要用比较级，动词是否要变时态等。 It is a Chinese traditional custom that people eat moon cakes at the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival. One s 1 about it is almost 700 years old. In the 14th century, the Chinese planned a surprise attack against (袭击) their enemies at the time of the festival. The messages for the attack were put into cakes. The cakes were passed from one person to a 2 . Each person read the messages and knew when and where the attack would h/b/s 3 . At last the Chinese won the victory. Moon cakes are still eaten d 4 the Mid-Autumn Festival. However, the fillings(馅) of the moon cakes now are not messages, b 5 foods such as meat, fruits and duck eggs. On the fifteenth day of the eighth month of each Chinese year, f 6 and friends come together and enjoy the beautiful moon. Shops are crowded with people and the smel1 of moon cakes f 7 the air. Many people go to a place where they can see the moon clearly. Large parks and the seaside are popular places. Once there, people have a picnic dinner, eat moon cakes and watch the moon rise.

(完整)初中英语阅读理解和完形填空解题技巧及练习.doc

一．初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：一、解题思路（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。在读题的时候划出题目的关键词。（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1．抓住四个 "W"和一个 "H" ，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把 What ( 事件 ) ，When（时间）， Where（地点）， Why（原因）， How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“ W”和一个“ H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 3．注意领会文章的寓意。 4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： ①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 ② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。 ③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题干中有 "suggest,conclude, conclusion,probably,reason, because, according to “等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。 ④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 ⑤ 同意转换法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 ⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。