2013年3月2日新托福阅读考题回顾
月日托福写作真题解析
2013年3月2日托福写作真题解析托福综合写作题目阅读：科学家发现到达North America的最早的inhabitants是欧洲人并不是之前认为的亚洲人，给出了这个thesis三个理由一是科学家在欧洲和北美都发现了spear points，而且都是single，large and sharp blade，但是亚洲的spear point很小，二是有一个human bone被发现可以证明这个结论，三是欧洲人可以穿越Atlantic Ocean，因为海路相对方便，并且一路上的ice可以用作resource of water听力：反驳。
北美和欧洲的spear point发展过程是独立的，欧洲的spear大是因为他们要hunt mammals，然后人骨只是一个single sample更多的其他人骨发现不是欧洲人，最后是那个时期，在欧洲人那儿没有发现boat、钓鱼工具等等，说明他们对航海没啥经验，a lack of experience of sea travel会让他们不容易存活下来。
托福独立写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Our society today is so busy and crowded that people do not need to be polite to each other.People today enjoy great material wealth due to hardwork, but some complain that people today are less polite than they used to be. Extremists argue that people do not need to have the conventional social norms, such as saying hello to other people, because those manners are a waste of time. However, I think politeness isimportant in many aspects of modern life.First, in dealing relationships with family and friend, people need to be polite and considerate. Many young people today claim that they are too busy to call their parents and contact their friends. Once, I refused to spend time talking with parents, using the excuse that I had too much work. The consequence was that my mother got angry and hung up the phone. Our relationship was strained, but I soon realized my rudeness and apologized to my mother. My mother forgave me because I showed my respect and concern for her. This situation is also true for friends. Politeness is a bond in relationships with close family members and friends.Second, in a working environment, one needs to obey the basic social norms of courtesy for interpersonal communication. Consider a rude colleague who is always short and unpleasant with his coworkers. Not many people are willing to work with him, because he does not show any basic skills or ability to deal with people. On the contrary, a coworker who smiles and acts respectfully towards others will certainly be more popular and easier to work with. Obviously, politeness will never be outdated, no matter how busy the world becomes.Third, in the political realm and entertainment industry, celebrities need to show a gracious and friendly manner in order to maintain a positive image. All politicians have a hectic agenda. But when they are giving a speech to the public, politicians need to dress appropriately and speak in a certain way. Patience when answering questions is also a must. Similarly, a famous movie star or a pop singer needs to show a friendly attitude towards any crazy fan. Otherwise, the printingmedia will make a big deal out of his/her unappreciative manner towards fans.In conclusion, though the world today drives people to work like machines, politeness is a prerequisite for people to have a satisfying home life and a fulfillingcareer.。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(8)
根据一份今在「英国医学杂志」刊出的报告指出，母乳虽然含有丰富营养，但长期吃母奶无助於降低幼儿罹患气喘和过敏症状风险。
【Section One】ArticleThe benefits of breast-feeding are many and varied. Studies suggest that breast-fed kids are smarter, taller, thinner, healthier and less stressed than babies on bottles. Plus, breast-feeding helps moms bond with their babies and may even lower their blood pressure. So, is there anything breast milk can‘t do? Apparently, yes, according to a new study published Tuesday by BMJ Online: It doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.That‘s a question researchers have long debated. Until now, the evidence has been mixed: Some studies have suggested that exclusive, prolonged breast-feeding helps stave off asthma and allergies later in life; other studies have shown no protection, or even an increased risk. But most of the available data has come from observational studies. The new BMJ paper, in contrast, was a large, long-term randomized trial that involved more than 17,000 breast-feeding women and babies, 13,889 of whom were tracked until age 6 1/2. Researchers recruited the moms in maternity hospitals and clinics in Belarus. About half of them — those who had already begun breast-feeding — were encouraged to continue breast-feeding exclusively; the control group got no such extra urging.Researchers report that women in the intervention group breast-fed significantly longer than women in the control group: at three months, 73% of the intervention group was breast-feeding, compared with 60% of the control group, and the number of women breast-feeding exclusively was seven times higher. By a year after birth, rates of breast-feeding had dropped across the board; but still, 20% of the intervention group was breast-feeding versus 11% of the controls.In general, about 10% of the children had ever suffered wheezing in their lives, though less than 1.5% had had full-blown asthma. Roughly 3% to 5% had had hay fever, and about 1% had suffered bouts of eczema. Researchers also performed skin-prick tests on the children; again, there was no significant difference between incidence of allergy — to dust mites, cats, pollen, grass and Alternaria, a common fungus —between the groups. In the breast-fed group, about 9% were allergic to pollen and Alternaria, 12% to cats and grass and 15% to dust mites.Absolute rates of all allergies were slightly lower in the control group, but the variations weren‘t statistically relevant.The BMJ study is "to our knowledge.. the largest randomizedtrial ever done in the area of human l actation," write the study‘s authors. But it‘s not likely to be the last. Science will continue to debate the discrete pros and cons of breast-feeding, but doctors unanimously agree that breast, in general, is best for babies‘ health, growth and development. Mothers should breast-feed newborns for at least 12 months — and exclusively for at least 6 months — according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.【Section Two】Vocabulary。
2013年2月、3月托福机经汇总（阅读+听力+作文）
2013年2月、3月托福机经汇总（阅读+听力+作文）Toefl Asia 1302/1303Reading Vocabulary康老师榜首1、key=important, meager=very low, tactic = strategy, potential = possible, objection =arguments in opposition, inhibit = prevent, assorted = various, oversaw = supervised, decisive=determine, readily=easily, assistance=help, expanded= was enlarged2、exceedingly 非常；極端地（= extremely），hasten 加快；促進（= speed up; accelerate），bulk 大量（= mass），contribute 捐助；添加（= give; add to），enormous 巨大的；極大的（= huge; immense），embody 使具體化；代表（= incarnate; incorporate; represent），swift 迅速的（= fast; ready）accumulate = build up，subsequence = later，coincide = happen at the same time，catastrophe（n. 大災難）3、cases = stop，enormous = very large，profound，exhibit，cluster康老师榜眼1、although=albeit，in tandem=gradually, barely=just, epitomize，composite=mixture；snaking=winding，stagnation = inactivity，epitomize =exemplify，arise=come about，albeit=even though/ although，threshold= limitation，figuring out=mapping，accelerate=speed up// get faster2、inspect=examine，severe=intense，moreover= in addition，cease3、jointly=together，exceptionally，enhance，exert，mimic（選項有：reproduce，predict）vast（選項有：huge，numerous），conventional，peculiar，approach = nearly4、counter 對抗/反對5、pertinent（adj. 相關的；切題的）6、boulevards，reluctant，resilient ，successive康老师探花1、vital（選項：necessary；powerful），perish（選項：valuable；destroy）2、striking = noteworthySpeakingTask1康老师榜首1、如果學校圖書館裡面所有的紙質的書換成電子書好不好？／你認為這樣做的優缺點2、Advantage and disadvantage of eating in class.3、如果學校得到一筆大投資，打算改建圖書館、健身房、科學實驗室，你建議學校建哪一個，WHY?4、人際交往的時候good manner 重要嗎？為什麼？5、選擇住處？離學校近，離家近，還是離交通樞紐近？問想住在哪，有三個選項。
托福机经真题2013年3月2日
托福机经真题2013年3月2日(总分：14.00，做题时间：120分钟)听力1.学生问宿舍管理员，她在107宿舍门上发现了一张notice, 是什么情况。
管理员说是因为你擅自把宿舍配备的家具挪出来了，学生说那是因为我已经把自己带来的家具搬进去了，包括姐姐非让我装上的窗帘什么的（她还表达了不想跟姐姐起争执，有语气题），有的人还粉刷宿舍了呢，难道也不行吗？管理员说不行，我们的工作人员已经把墙壁提前粉刷过一遍了，为了宿舍的安全不能这样做。
现在你应该把家具挪走，因为你的行为我们是不鼓励的，学校里可以提供储存室，但是要交费，我可以打电话帮你问问能不能免除这个费用。
（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：2.关于画家与光学成像的设备。
从前有个画家，人们对他的作品有广泛的好评，因为他画的画非常逼真。
这种效果体现在两个方面：1. 画卷上的内容透视效果画得很好，无论是近处放大和远处缩小都处理的很好；2. 画面上的光线体现得特别好，有反射和明暗对比等。
教授说在过去那个时代，类似小孔成像的光学仪器就已经有人发明了。
用这个仪器可以将物体的影像投射到墙上，这就是照相机的雏形。
他还说，这位画家的画画得这么好，就曾有人怀疑他就是使用了这种光学仪器来辅助作画的。
后来，有个人就做了研究实验，将这位画家的多幅作品放在一起，从而推断出他画室里的布局，进一步模拟出这位画家当时作画时大概站立的位置和这种光学设备摆放的位置。
不过教授又说，这些假设还不是定论，仍旧需要进一步的证据证明，也存在这种可能，就是这个画家具有异于常人的极敏锐的观察力。
（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3.讲的是一个在美洲的土著民族迁徙的情况。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(9)
Introduction海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。
当地震发生于海底，因震波的动力而引起海水剧烈的起伏，形成强大的波浪，向前推进，将沿海地带一一淹没的灾害，称之为海啸。
VocabularyTsunami n.海啸high-rises n.高楼(注意前面用的是tall buildings)temblor n.地震holocaust n.大屠杀universal time n.(=Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治(平均)时extensive 这里注意原文中“the most extensive tsunami warning system around”我们在写作的时候也可以这样用最大的什么机构组织。
tremor n.震动, 颤动bulletin n.公告evacuate v.疏散, 撤出, 排泄fiasco n. 大惨败dialects n.方言比较长，建议只泛读ArticleWednesday‘s massive earthquake near Indonesia was distressingly similar to the one that killed over 220,000 people in December of 2004. Both happened off the coast of Sumatra and put atleast a dozen other countries at risk of tsunami. Yesterday’s magnitude-8.4 quake was smaller than the 9.1 of 2004, but only slightly. Tall buildings swayed in Jakarta, and some high-rises were evacuated in Singapore. And less than 24 hours later, the quake was followed by a second and third temblor in the same area, which brought buildings down in the coastal Indonesian city of Padang and triggered more tsunami warnings around the region.So far, the damage appears to be much less serious than the 2004 disaster —thankfully. It’s too early to guess at a body count, but most of the destruction will probably come from the quakes themselves, not from a tsunami.Three years after one of the worst disasters in history, though, the quakes pose worrisome questions: are we any more prepared? Has any progress been made in building better tsunami warning systems? Or can we expect another holocaust any day now?One thing, at least, has changed dramatically. The first earthquake happened at 11:10 universal time. Although it occurred in the Indian Ocean, it was detected by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, headquartered in Hawaii, which has the most extensive tsunami warning system around — largely because the Pacific Ocean is where 70% of the world’s earthquakes normally happen.The 2004 quake was quickly detected by the Pacific Center, too, so that’s no big deal unto itself. This time, th ough, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (and a Japanese warning system that also noticed the earthquake) knew what to do with the information. Fourteen minutes after the tremor, the Pacific Center sent a bulletin around the world, warning all at-risk nations that there might be a tsunami and estimating when it might strike, to the minute. Those channels of communication simply didn’t exist in 2004. Basic as it may seem, this across-the-water communication represents a huge breakthrough.But a warning onl y helps if someone passes it along. And here’s where things get dicey all over again. "Presumably all of the countries should have gotten that bulletin in minutes," says Lori Dengler, a geology professor and tsunami expert at Humboldt State University in California. "Then it becomes an internal decision to decide whether to call a tsunami warning in their country. Because we’re dealing with sovereign nations, that makes it complex."Each nation on the Indian Ocean has its own procedure — or lack thereof — for what to do next. They decide whether to issue a public warning, whether to call for an evacuation and how to do it in a waythat people understand. In some places, like southern Bangladesh, a warning to evacuate was disseminated by police over loudspeakers four hours before the tsunami might have arrived, and many people rushed to high ground.But in Indonesia, the last test run didn’t go so well. In July 2006, a major earthquake caused a tsunami, headed for Java. The Indonesian government received the alert, but the island of Java still had no real warning system. More than 600 people died.Indonesia’s ability to communicate with the public has improved since the Java fiasco, says Laura Kong, director of the International Tsunami Information Centre. And to be fair, it’s a difficult problem. Disseminating an effective warning fast is complicated. There is currently much debate in emergency-management circles over the relative merits of sirens, text messages and other high-tech gadgetry. The state of California has not yet figured out the best way to get a tsunamialert to its coastal residents; Indonesia, in comparison, must spread the word to 235 million people who speak hundreds of dialects.But there are simpler ways to avoid tsunami fatalities. Before most waves strike, the ground shakes or the sea recedes dramatically. In some areas, everyone knows that these signs mean you must head for high ground; in most places, though, people are unaware of the warning signs. In Thailand, which lost 5,400 people in the Indian Ocean tsunami three years ago — half of them tourists — many hotels still do not educate guests about these simple clues. "Putting up a danger sign is bad for business," says Kong. "The businesses, and hotels in particular, are wary." I t’s a shocking lapse, but not an uncommon one: Kong has runinto the same attitude in Hawaii hotels and has learned to temper her expectations. She hopes that at the least, front-desk staff and other key hotel employees can be trained on recognizing the signs of a tsunami to assist guests in an emergency. "We just have to be practical and reasonable."Overall, however, Kong believes that we’re much better off than we were a couple of years ago. If the 2004 tsunami happened again today in exactly the same way, the death toll would be lower, she says.That’s good, since we can expect more of them. A major incident like the 2004 quake puts geological stress on the entire region — not the most stable in the world to begin with — which helps explain why we have seen more magnitude-8 or larger quakes there than normal. Especially in Indonesia, nestled right in the middle of a nest of earthquake faults, it can only be a matter of time.Homework1. What is the main idear of this Article?2.Please translate the sentence into Chinese.It‘s a shocking lapse, but not an uncommon one: Kong has run into the same attitude in Hawaii hotels and has learned to temper her expectations.3.what is "one thing,at least, has changed dramtically"?4.what is the simpler way to avoid tsunami fatalities?。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(3)
任何饮食习惯都无法违反热力学定律，即使现在充斥各种神奇的减重方法，减轻体重的唯一方法只有消耗的热量。
但新的研究指出增加体重的身体位置可以提供线索来决定那种饮食习惯将最适合你。
【Section One】ArticleNo diet has ever been able to defy the laws of thermodynamics. Whether you go low carb, low fat, low this or low that, the only way to lose weight is to burn more calories than you consume. Even the new "it" diet, volumetrics—which uses fancy terms such as energy density and satiety to describe why filling up on certain low-calorie, water-based foods like celery makes you less hungry—can‘t mir aculously melt away fat. But new research indicates that where on your body you pack onextra kilograms may provide a clue to determining which diet will work best for you.It is already widely accepted that even the most rigorously adhered-to diet will not produce the same results from person to person. Some of us are simply genetically predisposed to burn more calories more efficiently than others. Restricting those calories, as you do on a diet, will similarly lead to differing results. But the biggest wild card in the diet game may be how you crank out insulin.As digestion breaks down much of what we eat into sugary,energy-rich fuel that helps keep us on the go, insulin triggers the body to store excess sugar floating around the bloodstream as fat. Insulin was particularly important in our caveman days, when we needed theenergy from one meal to last as long as possible, until we had hunted down the next. "Insulin is the hormone of feast," says Gary D. Foster, director of the center for obesity research and education at the Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia.But nowadays, with food so plentiful that groups like Weight Watchers are making a fortune promoting portion control, our insulin is often forced to work overtime, sweeping up the excess carbohydrates we pour into our system from candy bars or fruit juice or starchy foodslike pasta. Sometimes insulin can do such a good job of responding to a spike in blood sugar that it causes those levels to quickly drop. Thisin turn can lead to feelings of hunger shortly after a big meal. Forthis reason, many scientists think insulin‘s ride on the blood-sugar roller coaster may be a stimulus for overeating and, as a result, weight gain. It would be nice if there were an easy way to determine howaggressive your particular insulin response is, and now it appears there is.In a study of 73 obese adults published last month in theJournal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.), Dr. David Ludwig, director of the obesity program at the Children‘s Hospital Boston, and his colleagues looked at high- and low-insulin secretors. People who rapidly secrete a lot of insulin after eating a little bit of sugar tend to carry their excess weight around their waist—the so-called apple shape. People who secrete less insulin carry their excess fat aroundtheir hips—the pear shape. Those differences are more thanaesthetic.Low-secreting, pear-shaped people will do equally well oneither type of diet. But the results went deeper than simply how much weight was lost.Over the course of six months, high-secreting, apple people lost an average of 6 kg on a low-glycemic diet and just 2.3 kg on a low-fat diet. Low-secreting, pear people lost about 4.5 kg on both diets. At the end of 18 months, however, the pear-shaped people had gained back halfof the weight they had lost on either diet. Apple-shaped people gained back almost 1.4 of the 2.3 kg they lost on the low-fat diet but kept off all the weight they lost on the low-glycemic diet. While the study isre vealing, almost nothing about it is simple. It‘s not clear just what the mechanism is that links body shape and insulin levels—a crucial detail if scientists are going to understand the full implications of their findings. More important, nothing suggests that apple-shapedpeople should simply dash out to sign up for an Atkins-type low-carbohydrate diet.True, a large report published in J.A.M.A. earlier this year showed that regardless of body shape, Atkins produces the greatestshort-term weight loss. ("If you want to look good in your wedding gown, I would go for Atkins," says Dr. Anastassios Pittas, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine.) But adherents tend to fall off the low-carb wagon and quickly gain back unwanted kilograms. What‘s more, the Atkins diet allows only a small fraction of caloriesto come from carbs, compared with 40% on the new study‘s low-glycemic regimen. The more balanced diet allows—indeed, encourages—people toeat whole-grain cereals and other complex carbs that take longer to digest and thus don‘t cause the rapid fat production that accompanies spikes in blood sugar. Atkins‘ more restrictive regimen may reduce fateven faster, but people lose weight on both diets. "Atkins just does it with a bludgeon instead of a chisel," says Ludwig.What‘s clearer from the study is that apple-shaped people should probably not choose low-fat diets, because the white rice or other types of simple carbs they are still allowed to eat may have a yo-yo effect on blood-sugar levels, making them hungrier sooner. The study didn‘t evaluate whether these people would do better on an Ornish-style vegetarian diet that restricts fat intake and has dieters make up the difference by eating lots of complex carbs, such as brown rice and oats—which are high in fiber and tend to make people feel fuller longer—as well as low-sugar fruits like blueberries.。
《13年3月托福阅读预测机经-吴老师》
2013年3月托福阅读预测机经2013年3月新托福阅读考试仍将以旧题为主，共整理汇总15套重点套题。
2013年3月新托福阅读预测题如下：重点套题一Passage 1【主旨】关于水资源在农业上的利用。
【内容】以一个古国为例，说过度灌溉造成盐碱化的内容较多；说以前耕种的灌溉方式，增加管道加宽了灌溉的面积，可是也因此容易造成水灾，随着人口增加田地不足，因此，朝着高地开发。
由于高地灌溉困难，最后好像是种某种植物增加土壤表面含水量借此来保持土壤水分。
Passage 2【主旨】工业的发展。
【内容】石油的提炼，还有提到一些原油提炼产生的副产品and价值。
Passage 3【主旨】恐龙灭绝，从地质方面讨论。
【内容】大灭绝：65亿年的陨石冲撞造成地球上75%生物死亡，地表99%死亡，好像有提到有人认为陨石冲撞杀不死这么多生物，然后是说陨石冲撞造成尘土飞扬，遮住了阳光造成地球温度下降，最后提剩下25%如何生存之类的。
加试：加拿大的农业和捕鱼业，还有捕捉那些长皮毛的动物。
讲为什么原来只有捕鱼业发达，然后后来大家都去买fur。
油在不同温度下会出现哪几种形式。
珊瑚礁词汇题：Accumulate=build up；Subsequence=later；Coincide=happen at the same time；Catastrophe=disaster重点套题二Passage 1【主旨】Mass production.【内容】讲当时几个人怎么利用machine生产，然后产品过剩，后面还讲了哪个人用一种营销手段销售照片纸，就使照相机很便宜，他们也提供service和照相机升级，制药顾客把照相机寄给他们，付10元得运费就行。
Passage 2【主旨】非洲大陆的发展。
【内容】给了一个非洲大陆的地图，然后整篇文章就在讲south Africa，western Africa 什么什么的expansion，然后他们的farm形式啊，怎么从个人变成集体，题目不难。
2013年3月3日托福阅读考题解析
2013年3月3日托福阅读考题解析第一篇一个讲coevolution 植物除了正常外观（比如刺，滑腻腻的叶子）之外还会分泌有毒的东西（second compound）防止虫子，虫子也会进化，进化的虫子就有东西吃，而且没人跟他抢吃的。
有的还会将植物分泌的有毒物用来预防鸟，鸟中毒以后会吐，下次就会记得不吃这种虫子了。
也有的鸟吃了不会吐。
第二篇二是讨论要不要清理海上残留的oil，马上清理或者让自然natural flushing来清理。
讲了三种油的分类，词汇考了resilient这个印象深刻因为不懂什么意思，stimulate。
难度是三篇中最大的第二篇我补充一下细节，文章主要是讲海上漏油漏到沼泽地然后要不要清理，对生态环境的影响主要取决于油的种类，湿地的种类和季节。
说有些沼泽很多植物都因为油发芽也不能开花，开花也不能结果，结果也不能发芽...另一些沼泽有比较小强的植物比如Spartina 米草属，只要油不渗到地底下，他们扎得很深的根不受影响，他们就继续顽强地活着。
这里Spartina有两类，前者比后者更敏感一些。
然后讲油的种类，说油蒸馏以后有很多可用成分，分蒸馏过还是没蒸馏过的油。
蒸馏的原理是沸点不同，低沸点的有毒易挥发，高沸点毒性弱不易挥发，中沸点又有毒又不易挥发，危害最大。
然后讲了到底该不该人工移除油，措施是把那些油油的湿地的植物都铲平，科学家观察了一个湿地发现非常的resiliet，油基本没起啥作用，最后结论是只要油不会呆那太长时间就按兵不动"NO ACTION",因为人工移除反而危害更大。
大概就酱。
Oil spillleakage of petroleum onto the surface of a large body of water. Oceanic oil spills became a major environmental problem in the 1960s, chiefly as a result of intensified petroleum exploration and production on continental shelves and the use of supertankers capable of transporting more than 500,000 tons of oil. Spectacular oil spills from wrecked or damaged supertankers are now rare, because of stringent shipping and environmental regulations. Nevertheless, thousands of minor andseveral major oil spills related to well discharges and tanker operations are reported each year, with the total quantity of oil released annually into the world's oceans exceeding 1 million tons. The unintentional or negligent release of used gasoline solvents and crankcase lubricants by industries and individuals greatly aggravates the overall environmental problem. Combined with natural seepage from the ocean floor, these sources add oil to the world's waterways at the rate of 3.5 to 6 million tons a year.第三篇城市规划。
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Mammoth Steppe
大致内容
亚洲大陆和阿拉斯加中间的白令海域在过去2.5万年之间有七次冷暖交替，猛马象在最后一次灭绝。G开头的学者认为一种他命名叫Mammoth Steppe的草在过去冰河期那段寒冷期间，除了冷到最巅峰的时间以外，都长得比现在的草还要好（有题），因此可以提供足够的营养给上面的大型动物。现代的植物因为比较酸(acidic)，还有一个不太重要的原因，没有办法带给地上动物足够的营养。他认为因为这种草在环境变暖了后就灭绝了，所以猛马象也灭绝了。可是有另外的学者觉得没有化石的证据能够证实这种Mammoth Steppe真的存在过，他们觉得猛马象消失后草才跟着一起消失的。接下来一段讲了一个例子说大象这种踩踏有利于草原而不适合灌木生长。有一题插入题，大意是可是这个现象可以以mammoth steppe不易留下化石证据的理由反驳。
但是既然群居有这么多坏处，为什么动物还要群居呢？因为它们会得到更多好处（有题，问动物在什么情况下会群居）。
最 后一段说类似种类的动物，也可能根据自己的情况来决定自己是独居还是群居。举了个例子，说有一种鱼就是群居的，因为它们可以聚在一起，等捕猎者来的时候就 跑的更快。另外有种鱼，跟它们类似种类，但比他们猛，就是独居的，因为它们可以赶走捕猎者（有题，说这种鱼和之前那种鱼有什么区别）。这就说明生物会根据 自己的特性，选择适合自己的方式（有题）。
Passage 3
Title:
Benefits and Costs of Social Life
大致内容
动物social grouping和solitary生 活的比较。有人认为群居的动物更高等，但实际上，独居的动物存在和发展的时间更久。群居有很多劣势（有细节题），比如雌性动物可能被其他雄性动物抢，也更 可能有传染病。举个例子，蜜蜂需要通过帮蜂蛹加热的方法防止感染还是什么的（有题，为什么要提到蜜蜂？证明群居动物为了避免感染疾病，需要付出更多代价。 插入题也出现在这里）。
点评：
本次新托福阅读重复2012年5月26日北美考题。
词汇题：tactic, potential, objection, inhibit, assorted, alliances, oversee, decisive等。
2013年3月2日新托福阅读考题回顾
考试日期
2013.03.02
Passage 1
Title:
European Commercial
大致内容
12-14C左右欧洲经济的发展。由于交易方式有变化，运输状况得到了改善，商人信用机制促进了经济的发展。细节题比较多，但是题目都不太难。
Passage 2