第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课后答案
(完整版)新视野大学英语读写教程4(第二版)课后习题答案

Unit 1III。
1。
idle 2。
justify 3。
discount 4。
distinct 5. minute 6。
accused 7。
object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10。
worshipIV。
1. accusing。
. of2. end up3. came upon 4。
at her worst5. pa:6. run a risk of 7。
participate in 8。
other than 9。
object to/objectedV1。
K 2。
G 3. C 4。
E 5. N 6。
0 7.1 8. L 9。
A 10。
D CollocationVI。
1。
delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4。
suffering 5。
fever6. defeat 7。
poverty 8。
treatment 9。
noise 10. agony Word buildingVII.1。
justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4。
classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify 8。
terrifiedVIII。
1. bravery2. jewelry 3。
delivery 4。
machinery5. robbery 6。
nursery 7. scenery 8。
discoverysentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . 。
`4. but other than that,he’ll eat just about everything 。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版4课后答案完整版.doc

新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册课后答案新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence Structure1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3. Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4. We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security.l. 出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课后答案

第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课后答案新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit OneIII.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版4课后答案版

新视野大学英语〔第二版〕第四册课后答案新视野大学英语〔第二版〕第四册Unit1III.idle2.justify3.discount4.distinct5.minuteobject8.contaminate9.sustain10.worshipIV.accusing...of2.endup3.cameupon4.atherworst5.payfor6.runarisk of7.participate in8.other than9.object to/objected 10.atbest6. 1.delay2.pain3.hardship4.suffering5.feverdefeat7.poverty8.treatment9.noise10.agonyWordbuildingVII.justify2.glorify3.exemplifies4.classifiedpurified6.intensify7.identify8.terrifiedVIII.bravery2.jewelry3.delivery4.machinery5.robbery6.nursery7.scenery8.discoverySentenceStructureIX.otherthanforfuneralsandweddingsotherthantoliveanindependentlifeotherthanthattheyappealedtohiseye..`butotherthanthat,he'lleatjustabouteverything.otherthanthatit'ssomewhereinthetowncenterX.shouldn'thavebeentothecinemalastnightwouldhave;toldhimtheanswertheyneedn'thavegoneatallmusthavehadtoomuchworktodomighthavebeeninjuredseriouslyTranslationXI.-Theplantdoesnotgrowwellinsoilsotherthantheoneinwhichithasbeendeveloped. Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwemayhavedoneduringtheday..Somepeopletendtojustifytheirfailurebyblamingothersfornottryingtheirbest..Weremaintruetoourcommitment:Whateverwepromisedtodo;wewoulddoit..EvenBeethoven'sfatherdiscountedthepossibilitythathissonwouldonedaybecomethegreatestmusicianintheworld.ThesameistrueofEdison,whoseem edtohisteachertobequitedull.Theywereaccusedbytheauthoritiesofthreateningthestatesecurity.XII.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第四册完整答案

新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第四册完整答案新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. D CollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agony Word building VII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in whichit has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for nottrying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his sonwould one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same istrue of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
(完整版)新视野大学英语第二版读写教程4课后答案(完整版)

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quitedull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语读写教程4课后答案(第二版)

请在此输入标题请在此输入副标题作者:新视野大学英语第二版第四册答案Unit One1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pa:6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. objectto/objectedV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.07.18. L9. A 10. D CollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agony Word buildingVII.2. justify 2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified7. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrifiedVIII.2. bravery 2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery7. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery sentence StructureIX.2. other than for funerals and weddings3. other than to live an independent life4. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `5. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .6. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X.2. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night3. would have; told him the answer4. they needn't have gone at all5. must have had too much work to do6. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -7. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.3. Research findings show that we spend about twohours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.4.Some people tend to justify their failure by blamingothers for not trying their best.5.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever wepromised to do; we would do it.6.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility thathis son would one day become the greatest musician inthe world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to histeacher to be quite dull.7. They were accused by authorities of threatening thestate security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册1-10单元答案.docx

第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课后答案Unit OneIII.1・ idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute6.accused7. object 8・ contaminate 9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1 ・ accusing・・・ of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in & other than 9. object to/objected 10. at bestWord buildingVII.1.justify 2・ glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified5.purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1 ・ bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery5.robbery 6- nursery 7. scenery 8・ discoverySentence StructureIX.1.other than for funerals and weddings2・ other than to live an independent life3・ other than that they appealed to his eye (v)4.but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5.other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1.shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2.would have; told him the answer3・ they neednl have gone at all4.must have had too much work to do5.might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI.-1 ・ The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed・2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.I.出入除白己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
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1 第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课后答案 第1章水分代谢 水势:概念、组成、计算;植物细胞吸水的方式、根系吸水的方式;气孔开闭的机理;植物体内水分的运输:途径(长距离)、动力;描述蒸腾作用的指标: 植物细胞吸水的方式:扩散作用,集流,渗透吸水 水势(water potential)就是每偏摩尔体积水的化学势。即水溶液的化学势(μw)与同温、同压、同一系统中的纯水的化学势(μw0)之差(△μw),除以水的偏摩尔体积(Vw)所得的商,称为水势。 植物细胞水势ψw是由3个势组成的:ψw = ψπ(渗透势) + ψp(压力势) + ψg(重力势) 根系吸水的方式:主动吸水,被动吸水 描述蒸腾作用的指标:1.蒸腾强度:又叫蒸腾速度、蒸腾率,即一定时间内单位叶面积上蒸腾的水量。一般用每小时每平方米蒸腾水量的克数来表示。 2.蒸腾效率:亦称蒸腾比率,指植物消耗每千克水所形成的干物质的克数。 3.蒸腾系数:亦称需水量,指植物制造一克干物质所需要水分的克数。蒸腾系数与蒸腾效率互为倒数关系 气孔开闭的机理:(1)淀粉--糖变化学说:在光照下保卫细胞进行光合作用合成可溶性糖。另外由于光合作用消耗C02,使保卫细 2
胞pH值升高,淀粉磷酸化酶水解细胞中淀粉形成可溶性糖,细胞水势下降,当保卫细胞水势低于周围的细胞水势时,便吸水迫使气孔张开,在暗中光合作用停止,情况与上述相反,气孔关闭。 (2)无机离子吸收学说:在光照下,保卫细胞质膜上具有光活化H+泵ATP酶,分解光合磷酸化产生的ATP并将H+分泌到细胞壁,同时将外面的K+吸收到细胞中来,Cl-也伴随着K+进入,以保证保卫细胞的电中性,保卫细胞中积累较多的K+和,降低水势,气孔就张开,反之,则气孔关闭。 (3)苹果酸生成学说。在光下保卫细胞内的C02被利用,pH值就上升,剩余的C02就转变成重碳酸盐(HCO3-),淀粉通过糖酵解作用产生的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸在PEP羧化酶作用下与HC03-作用形成草酰乙酸,然后还原成苹果酸,可作为渗透物降低水势,气孔张开,反之关闭。 植物体内水分的运输:途径---土壤水分,根毛,皮层,内皮层,木质部薄壁细胞,茎的导管,叶脉导管,叶肉细胞,气孔下腔,气孔,大气 动力----上端原动力:蒸腾拉力;下端原动力:根压;中间原动力:水分子间的内聚力及导管壁附着力 第2章矿质代谢 根外营养的概念;缺素症表现;植物体吸收矿物质的方式;矿质营养在植物体内的运输方式(向下与向上的途径) 植物体吸收矿物质的方式:被动吸收(扩散作用,离子通道运输,载体运输,胞饮作用),主动吸收(载体运输,离子泵运输) 3
根外营养:植物除了根部吸收矿质元素外,植物地上部分吸收矿质营养的过程。地上部分吸收矿物质的主要器官是叶片,故又称为叶片营养。方式:气孔、角质层 (为主) 矿质营养在植物体内的运输方式:短距离通过共质体和质外体,长距离通过木质部和韧皮部 1.木质部运输:从下向上运输---根部吸收的离子沿木质部上运,也可横向运至韧皮部。以木质部运输为主。 2.韧皮部运输:双向运输---叶片吸收的离子通过韧皮部向下运输,也可横向运至木质部。以韧皮部运输为主。叶片吸收的离子通过韧皮部向上运输,也可横向运至木质部。 第三章光和作用 天线色素、光合链的概念;叶绿素的组成;光和作用的机理:能量的转换;每一步进行的部位;碳同化:方式、异同点、进行部位;重要物质的英语符号(PGAld,RuBP,TCA等);影响光和作用的因素:O2
和CO2
光合链:指定位在光合膜上的,由多个电子传递体组成的电子传递的总轨道。光合链也称Z链。 聚光色素(light-harvesting pigment):指没有光化学活性,只能吸收光能并将其传递给作用中心色素的色素分子。聚光色素又叫天线色素。 叶绿素的组成:被摸(内膜、外膜);基质=间质(含可溶性蛋白质,酶类,DNA,核糖体等);类囊体(片层)(基粒类囊体、基质类囊体) 4
光合作用三步反应:原初反应(基粒内囊体)---光能的吸收、传递和转换成电能;电子传递和光合磷酸化(基粒内囊体)---电能转变为活跃化学能;碳同化(叶绿体基质)---活跃的化学能转变为稳定的化学能 根据光合作用碳同化途径的不同,可以将高等植物区分为三个类群,即C3途径(卡尔文循环或光合碳循环)、C4—二羧酸途径及景天酸代谢途径。 C3途径是光合碳循环的基本途径,CO2的接受体为RuBp,在RuBp羧化酶催化下,形成两分子三碳化合物3-PGA。 C4途径是六十年代中期在玉米、甘蔗、高梁等作物上发现的另一代谢途径。CO2与PEP在PEP羧化酶作用下,形成草酰乙酸,进而形成苹果酸或天冬氨酸等四碳化合物。 景天酸代谢途径又称CAM途径。光合器官为肉质或多浆的叶片,有的退化为茎或叶柄。其特点是气孔昼闭夜开。夜晚孔开放时,CO2进入叶肉细胞,在PEP羧化酶作用下,将CO2与PEP羧化为草酰乙酸,还原成苹果酸,贮藏在液泡中。白天光照下再脱羧参与卡尔文循环。 第四章呼吸作用 呼吸代谢的途径、过程、进行部位;光呼吸进行的三个部位;末端氧化酶种类、部位;植物产生ATP的方式 呼吸代谢的生化途径:1.糖酵解EMP(细胞质):是指在细胞质内所发生的、将葡萄糖降解为丙酮酸并释放能量的过程。在细胞质的溶胶 5
中进行。 2.发酵作用(fermentation)(细胞质):在无氧条件下, 丙酮酸脱羧生成CO2和乙醛,乙醛再被还原为乙醇的过程。 3.三羧酸循环TCA(线粒体):指丙酮酸在有氧条件下,通过一个包括三羧酸和二羧酸的循环而逐步氧化分解生成CO2的过程。 4.戊糖磷酸途径PPP或HMS(细胞质):是指在细胞质溶胶和质体内进行的、将葡萄糖直接氧化降解,产生NADPH和一些磷酸糖的酶促反应过程。 末端氧化酶系统:1、细胞色素氧化酶(线粒体):植物体内最主要的末端氧化酶,与O2的亲和力极高,承担细胞内约80%的耗氧量。该酶含铁和铜,其作用是将Cyta3电子传给O2,生成H2O。 2. 交替氧化酶(线粒体):该酶含Fe2+, 其功能是将UQH2的电子传给O2生成H2O。对O2的亲和力高,易被水杨基氧肟酸(SHAM)所抑制,对氰化物不敏感。交替氧化酶位于线粒体内膜。 3. 酚氧化酶(质体和微体):该酶含铜,包括单酚氧化酶(酪氨酸酶)和多酚氧化酶(儿茶酚氧化酶)。其功能是催化O2将酚氧化成醌并生成H2O。对O2的亲和力中等,易受氰化物抑制。 4. 抗坏血酸氧化酶(细胞质):含铜的氧化酶,催化O2将抗坏血酸氧化并生成H2O。对O2的亲和力低,受氰化物抑制。对CO不敏感。 5、乙醇酸(黄素)氧化酶(过氧化物体):是一种黄素蛋白酶(含FMN),不含金属。催化乙醇酸氧化为乙醛酸并生成H2O2。对O2的亲和力极低,不受氰化物抑制。 6
第五章 次生代谢 次生代谢的概念;次生代谢物的种类;次生物质:萜类物质、酚类物质、生物碱的 前体物及主要种类) 次生代谢与产物:是指植物在一定的生长时期以初级代谢产物为前体,由此衍生其它物质的合成与分解过程,叫次生代谢。 次生产物主要有:萜类;酚类--含简单酚类、木质素、类黄酮类、鞣质;氮化合物--生物碱、含氰苷、芥子油苷、蛋白氨基酸 第六章 有机物的运输 同化产物运输的种类、途径与方向、SE-CC含义;韧皮部装载与卸出的概念;同化产物的分配原则 筛管分子-伴胞复合体(SE-CC) 韧皮部装载(phloem loading):光合产物从叶肉细胞到筛分子-伴胞复合体的整个过程。 卸出途径:①质外体途径,卸出到贮藏器官或生殖器官时(不存在胞间连丝)②共质体途径,通过胞间连丝→接受细胞,卸到营养库(根和嫩叶) 有机物运输分配的规律:(1)优先运往生长中心;(2)就近运输;(3)纵向同侧运输(与输导组织的结构有关);(4)同化物的再分配即衰老和过度组织(或器官)内的有机物可撤离以保证生长中心之需。 第七章 信号转导 信号转导的概念;信号转导的过程(步骤);信号转导中的信使物质(哪些是胞内信号、胞外 信号) 7
植物细胞信号转导:指植物感受、传导环境刺激的分子途径及其在植物生长发育过程中调控基因的表达和生理生化反应。 第八章 生长物质 生长物质的主要特殊作用;各种物质生物合成的前体物质;5种生长物质的运输特点;主要生长物质(新发现的)英语缩写 生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸和乙烯的合成前体分别是 、 、 和 。色氨酸 甲瓦龙酸(甲羟戊酸)甲瓦龙酸和蛋氨酸(甲硫氨酸) 第九章 光形态建成 光敏色素的结构(两部分);光化学性质 光敏色素:脱辅基蛋白(apoprotein);生色团(chromophore)--红光吸收型(Pr)、远红光吸收型(Pfr) 第十章 营养生长生理 种子萌发的必须条件;生长大周期概念、生长的细胞学基础(极性、植物细胞全能性的概念);植物生长相关性(根冠比的影响因素);植物运动的种类、举例 细胞全能牲:指植物体的每个细胞携带一个完整基因组,并具有发育成完整植株的潜在能力。 极性(polarity):是指植物的器官、组织或细胞的形态学两端在生理上所具有的差异性(即异质性)使形态学上端分化出芽,下端分化出根。 生长大周期(grand period growth):植物在不同生育时期的生长速率表现出慢—快—慢的变化规律,呈现“S”型的生长曲线。