The review of the Deer Hunter and Saving Private Ryan
高考真题分类汇编——阅读理解—人与自然(2016——2020)
阅读理解——人与自然题组一Passage12020全国卷II CCWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”,says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters$5a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us."says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than300,000nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion.Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.29.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.30.What does the underlined word“collapsed”in paragraph5probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.31.What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.It’s formal.B.It’s risky.C.It’s harmful.D.It’s traditional.Passage22020全国卷III BBWhen"Rise of the Planet of the Apes"was first shown to the public last month,a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:"Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!"The creative team behind"Apes"used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).In this case,one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet"Apes"is more exception than the rule.In fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than2,000productions this year.Already,a number of films,including"Water for Elephants,""The Hangover PartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.In some cases,it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And thereare questions about the films made outside the States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.24.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?A.To see famous film stars.B.To oppose wearing fur coats.C.To raise money for animal protection.D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.25.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The cost of making"Apes."B.The creation of digitalized apes.C.The publicity about“Apes."D.The performance of real apes.26.What does the underlined phrase"keeping tabs on"in paragraph3probably mean?A.Listing completely.B.Directing professionally.C.Promoting successfully.D.Watching carefully.27.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?A.They may be badly treated.B.They should take further training.C.They could be traded illegallyD.They would lose popularity.题组二Passage12019北京DDBy the end of the century,if not sooner,the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton createcolourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science,built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener.＂Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,＂she said,＂but the type of phytoplankton is changing.＂And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,＂it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.＂Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.＂It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,＂Dutkiewicz said,＂but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.＂42.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.43.What does the underlined word＂vulnerable＂in Paragraph3probably mean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D. Unnoticeable.44.What can we learn from the passage?A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.45.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.Passage22019浙江CCCalifornia has lost half its big trees since the1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by50percent on more than46, 000square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than55percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly75percent.Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick Mclntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the1920s and1930s with another one between2001and2010,Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest watershortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the1930s,Mclntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.27.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.28.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.29.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.30.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.California's Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick Mclntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California题组三Passage12019天津CCHow does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each oneeats.With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.46.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.47.A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place48.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.49.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph4？A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.50.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.Passage22018全国卷I DDWe may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in1997.And MP3players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in1992to13in2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the1992to2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.题组四Passage12018北京CCPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than300million tons of plastic every year.Almost halfof that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to12million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study suggests ananswer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greaterwax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for40%of plastics.The team left100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for12hours,and the worms consumed and broke down about92milligrams,or almost3%of it.To confirm that the worms’chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost13%of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in2017.Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms’ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic“Wax is a complex mixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is thereas well,”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer Debruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study,says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says,will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply"millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn,the next step of the study is to_________.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might_________.A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.Passage22018浙江BBSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than100billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The bags are prohibited in some90cities in California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers'argument:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.z.x.xkThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is,the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least131times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.25.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph2refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.27.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic,Paper or NeitherB.Industry,Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control题组五Passage12017全国卷I BBI work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a2-to3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner arecording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.24.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according ro paragraph1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.25.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.26.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.D.It’s discouraging.Passage22017全国卷III CCAfter years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.By last year,the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than170wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes,and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly30years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D. Uncaring.Passage32016北京CCalifornia Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largest birds,with wing-length of up to3meters.In the1980s,electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrove them to dying out.Now,electric shock trainingand medical treatment are helping to rescue these bigbirds.In the late1980s,the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖).Since 1992,there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild,and there are now more than150flying over California and nearby Arizona,Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night,they just don’t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines,resulting in electrocution(电死)if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles,placed in large training areas,teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66%of set-free birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾)failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo,where they are treated with calcium EDTA,a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,”he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”63.California condors attract researchers’interest because they.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found on in California。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷175(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷175(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.正确答案：C解析：细节题。
由原文第一段第一句可知，美国将在今年成为世界上首个对所有纳入渔业管理的物种施以捕捞限制的国家，故[C]为正确答案。
由第一段第二句可知，这一政策并未引起美国渔业及渔业监管机构以外的广泛关注，故排除[A]；由第二段第二句可知，不同于最近以党派划分立场的环境政策辩论，该政策先后分别得到了来自共和党和民主党的两任总统的支持，故排除[B]；由第四段第一句可知，限捕计划并未在2011年12月31目前全部确定，还有几项计划将在2012年捕鱼季开始前确定，故排除[D]“所有的限捕计划已在2011年截止前完成”。
知识模块：阅读8．It can be inferred from the passage that______.A．the U. S. is an innovator in fishery regulation for it has set a universal catch limitB．the Magnuson-Stevens Act is invalid for the time beingC．the U. S. has precedents in the process of formulating fishery limitsD．the regional management councils were ignoring the sustainability of fishery before正确答案：D解析：推断题。
由原文第五段第一句可知，地方管理委员会直至近期还经常无视科学建议，为超出可供持续捕捞数量的捕鱼行为大开绿灯，故[D]为正确答案。
由第二段第一句可知，美国将为528种鱼类设置捕捞限制，同时由第四段可知，目前根据鱼类的种类不同，限捕数量尚未逐一确定，故排除[A]“美国是设定通用的渔业捕捞规定的改革者”；由第三段第一句可知，布什总统签署了自20世纪70年代中期以来一直掌管美国所有水域渔业活动的《麦格努森．史蒂文森法案》的重新授权，故排除[B]；由第二段第三句可知，美国实行渔业限捕措施开创了世纪之先河，因此可推断美国在此做法上没有先例，故排除[C]。
关于对野生动物看法的英语作文
价值作文标题示例回答如下1:The Value of WritingWriting has always been a powerful tool for communication and self-expression. It can convey ideas, emotions, and experiences in a way that spoken language cannot. Writing also has the ability to transcend time and space, allowing us to connect with people from different cultures and generations.In today's digital age, writing has become even more important as a means of communication. With social media and other online platforms, we can share our thoughts and ideas with a global audience instantaneously. Writing has also become a valuable skill in the workplace, as employers seek employees who can communicate effectively through written communication.However, the value of writing goes beyond practical applications. Writing is a form of art that allows us to express ourselves in unique and creative ways. It can be therapeutic, helping us process difficult emotions and experiences. Writing can also be a tool for personal growth, as it encourages us toreflect on our thoughts and beliefs.In addition, writing can have a profound impact on others.A well-written piece can inspire, educate, and even change the world. Writing has the power to bring people together, to create empathy and understanding, and to challenge our perspectives.Ultimately, the value of writing lies in its ability to connect us with ourselves and with others. It is a tool for communication, self-expression, personal growth, and social change. Whether we are writing for practical purposes or for artistic expression, writing has the power to enrich our lives and the lives of those around us.写作的价值写作一直是一种强大的交流和自我表达工具。
考试虫王若平的考研英语长难句过关第一部门
阅读基本功难句过关（王若平）第一部分难句分类辨析第一章定语从句定语从句的修饰对象一直是阅读中经常遇到而难以把握的问题，定语从句的关系词究竟修饰上文中的哪个单词、短语或整个句子，一要靠语言知识，二要根据上下文进行逻辑判断。
定语从句有限定性和非限定性之分。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等关系。
But he did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question. (说明原因)他没有详细地谈这件事，因为白宫没有把它看作是个特别重要的问题。
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. (假设)如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。
So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up y efforts to get a passport, that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. (目的) 因此，我到革命的中国的希望相当小了，然而我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，使我得以访问社会主义国家。
He insisted on buying a car, which he could not afford and had no use for. (表让步)他坚持要买辆轿车，尽管他买不起，而且也不需要。
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.要点：从内容上分析，which修饰 “the growth of knowledge”图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。
2017年GRE阅读真题-草原上的大型哺乳动物
2017年GRE阅读真题:草原上的大型哺乳动物【GRE】GRE阅读真题:草原上的大型哺乳动物SECTION AThe evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carryingconsciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds ofattention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, innerdirected, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.17. The author is primarily concerned with(A) disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivores(B) describing a relationship between animals’intelligence and their ecological roles(C) establishing a direct link between early large mammals and their modern counterparts(D) analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores(B)(E) demonstrating the importance of hormones in mental activity18. The author refers to a hungry lizard (line 55) primarily in order to(A) demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of nonmammals(B) broaden the application of his argument by including an insectivore as an example(C) make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness(D) provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators(C)(E) offer an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness19. It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage(A) past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival(B) attention is more highly focused(C) muscular coordination is less highly developed(D) there is less need for competition among species(A)(E) environment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator20. The sensitivity described in lines 56-61 is most clearly an example of(A) “free-floating awareness”(lines 16-17)(B) “flooding of impulses in the brain stem”(lines 29-30)(C) “the holding of consistent images”(lines 31-32)(D) “integration of details with perceived ends and purposes”(lines 37-38)(D)(E) “silk-thin veils of tranquility”(line 64)21. The author’s attitude toward the mammals discussed in the passage is best described as(A) superior and condescending(B) lighthearted and jocular(C) apologetic and conciliatory(D) wistful and tender(E)(E) respectful and admiring22. The author provides information that would answerwhich of the following questions?I. Why is an aroused herbivore usually fearful?II. What are some of the degrees of attention in large mammals?III. What occurs when the stimulus that causes arousal of a mammal is removed?(A) I only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(C)(E) I, II and III23. According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?(A) Interplay of predator and prey(B) Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of the grasslands(C) Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles(D) Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species(A)(E) Improvement of the capacity for memory amongherbivores and carnivores24. According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT:(A) the production of adrenaline(B) the production of norepinephrine(C) a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli(D) an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli(E)(E) an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stemTocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.Pessen does present a quantity of (a quantity of: 一些) examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increasedits share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.25. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:(A) They formed a distinct upper class.(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.(C) Some of them worked as professionals or in business.(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.(D)(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.26. The author’s attitude toward Pessen’s presentation of statistics can be best described as(A) disapproving(B) shocked(C) suspicious(D) amused(E)(E) laudatory27. Which of the following best states the author’s main point?(A) Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America.(B) Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.(C) Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.(E)(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.。
阅读理解.JohnHunterh...
阅读理解。
John Hunter had three advantages.He had a brother who was a doctor and he thus ableto learn about diseases and their effects.His natural curiosity led him to observe and studythe lives of wild animals in the countryside and he had strong and skillful hands,so essentialto a surgeon.In fact he became in a short time so famous that he was asked to lecture,but John preferred the practical work of the surgeon.Soon after becoming a surgeon Hunter joined the army.He learnt a great deal from his experience of dealing with soldiers' wounds.In particular,he studied how to prevent a wounded man from bleeding too much,learning thereby how the nerve system functioned in the bodies of animals and humans.But there were many things he did not know about and which could only be learnt by dissection.And this posed a problem.The Christian church whose authority was complete on many matters opposed on dissection. Cutting up dead animals to find out about their organs,and how these functioned was thought a disgusting thing to do,and to cut up a human body,even though dead,was thought to be evil. Surgeons had to pay grave diggers to steal bodies for dissection.Hunter once paid $7000 for the body of an eight-foot Irishman whose skeleton can still be seen in the Royal College of surgeon's museum.To be a surgeon was thought so inferior an occupation that many operations were carried out by barbers.But Hunter continued with his experiments,at the time learning more about how our bodies worked,and he found new ways of operating on people so as to save both their limbs and their lives.If a man was brought to him with a bad tumor (肿瘤)on his leg,Hunter did not,as most surgeons would have done,cut off his leg,but tried first to remove the tumor and treat the leg so that the leg might be saved.1._________ we think is the most important of John Hunter's three advantages.A.His brother's occupationB.A natural curiosityC.Lived in the countryD.Strong and skillful hands.Fr2om the passage we guess that a barber was _________.A.looked down upon at that timeB.looked up to at that timeC.regarded as equal to other occupationsD.not permitted to carry out operations1-4DAAD。
打猎观点英文作文
打猎观点英文作文Hunting is an exhilarating and primal activity that connects us to our ancestors and the natural world. It requires patience, skill, and respect for the environment.The thrill of the chase and the sense of accomplishment when you successfully track and take down your prey is unlike anything else. It's a test of your abilities and instincts, and it brings a sense of satisfaction that is hard to find in our modern, fast-paced world.Hunting also allows us to connect with nature in a way that few other activities can. It puts us in the heart of the wilderness, where we can observe the beauty and complexity of the natural world up close.There is also a practical aspect to hunting. For many people, it provides a source of food that is organic, sustainable, and free from the ethical concerns that come with factory farming.Some may argue that hunting is cruel and unnecessary, but when done responsibly and ethically, it can actually help maintain healthy populations of wildlife andcontribute to conservation efforts.In conclusion, hunting is a deeply ingrained part of human history and culture, and it continues to be a valuable and meaningful activity for many people today. It allows us to connect with nature, test our skills, and provide for ourselves in a way that is both challenging and rewarding.。
hunting is at best a precarious 文章详解
hunting is at best a precarious 文章详解Hunting, although considered by some as a thrilling activity, is at best a precarious endeavor. While it may have been essential for our ancestors' survival, modern hunting raises ethical, ecological, and social concerns that cannot be ignored.One of the primary ethical concerns surrounding hunting is the unnecessary harm and suffering inflicted upon animals. While proponents argue that hunting helps control animal populations and avoids overgrazing, the methods employed often result in the suffering of animals. Hunting can lead to wounded animals escaping and dying slowly, causing immense pain and distress. The use of traps and snares, although intended to be quick, can also result in prolonged suffering. These considerations question the morality of hunting as a recreational activity.Moreover, hunting can have detrimental ecological impacts. The targeted killing of certain species can disrupt the delicate balance within ecosystems. For instance, the removal of apex predators can lead to an overabundance of prey species, causing population imbalances and ecological deterioration. Additionally, hunting can unintentionally introduce diseases into wildlife populations, further harming their wellbeing. Conservation efforts, such as habitat preservation and promoting natural predator-prey relationships, are often more effective in maintaining healthy ecosystems.From a social perspective, hunting can also lead to conflicts and tensions among different interest groups. Landowners, animal rights activists, and hunters often find themselves at odds when it comes to the implementation and regulation of hunting activities. Disputes over property rights, animal welfare, and the management of hunting practices can strain relationships within communities and lead to divisiveness.To address these concerns and mitigate the negative impacts of hunting, alternative strategies can be explored. For instance, promoting non-lethal wildlife management methods, such as trap-neuter-release programs for controlling animal populations, canreduce the need for lethal means. Emphasizing wildlife conservation and habitat preservation can also help maintain healthy ecosystems without resorting to hunting. Additionally, promoting ethical hunting practices, such as strict regulations and mandatory education, can minimize the negative impacts on animal welfare.In conclusion, hunting, despite its historical significance, is a precarious activity. The ethical, ecological, and social concerns surrounding hunting are important considerations that cannot be ignored. It is crucial to explore alternative strategies that focus on wildlife conservation, animal welfare, and community harmony. Only by addressing these concerns can we strive towards a more responsible and sustainable approach to our interactions with wildlife.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
AbstractThe Deer Hunter and Saving Private Ryan both are all war films. The former records a war in Vietnam and the latter is related to World War II. Although the two films describe the different wars, they have some similarities involving the vivid cruel battlefield which is filled with corpses including soldiers, women, children and the old, revealing the cruelty of the war, and the brotherhood which is really moving us in that no matter what one suffering, he never deserts his companion, revealing that the friendship is really precious. However, at the same time, the two films contain some differences. One is the inhumanity and humanity. During the wartime, when confronting with the prisoners, one is deficient in humanity, treating his prisoners violently. However, the other is relatively kind, for he does not persecute the prisoner to death. Moreover, he sets the prisoner free. The other is the psychic suffering and physical suffering. In The deer hunter, there is a person who becomes numb and degenerate on account of the longterm psychic suffering and then loses himself and shoots himself. However, in Saving Private Ryan, there is a person suffering a lot in physical and then loses his life. In a larger sense, the two films reveal the pursuit of people to the peace and arouse people's consciousness of keeping world peacefully.Key words: battlefield; brotherhood; inhumanity; humanity; sufferings; psychic; physicalContentsI. Introduction (1)II. The Similarities in the two films (2)2.1 The Vivid Cruel Battlefield (2)2.2 The Brotherhood (2)III. The Differences in the two films (4)3.1 The Inhumanity and Humanity (4)3.2 The Psychic Suffering and Physical Suffering (4)III. Conclusion (6)The Pursuit of PeaceI. IntroductionThe Deer Hunter and Saving Private Ryan both are all war films. The former, recording a progression from a wedding to one's funeral, is based on a war in Vietnam, and the latter, describing the process of eight-member squad looking for Ryan and taking him back safely, is related to world war II. Although the two films describe the different wars, they all involve the vivid cruel battlefield which is filled with corpses, showing the cruelty of the war, and the brotherhood which is really touching us for the reason that no matter what one suffering, he never deserts his companion, revealing that the friendship is really precious. However, meanwhile the two films contain some differences. The first is the inhumanity and humanity. When confronting with the prisoners, one is lacking in humanity, treating his prisoners cruelly. However, the other is relatively kind, for he does not persecute the prisoner to death. And then he sets the prisoner free. The second is the psychic torture and physical torture. In The deer hunter, there is a person who becomes numb and degenerate owing to the longterm psychic suffering and then loses himself and shoots himself. However, in Saving Private Ryan, there is a person who suffers a lot in physical and then loses his life. In a larger sense, both the movies advocate world peace through the different plots.II. The Similarities in the two films2.1 The Vivid Cruel BattlefieldThe two movies all reveal the vivid cruel battlefield. In the movie--The Deer Hunter, when the two sides wage the war, the bombs are thrown into a village by the airplane. Immediately, the village is lost into the pandemonium. The shot, smoke and cry occupy the battlefield. Lots of people die, including innocent women, children, and old people. In order to survive, the rest of the villagers hide themselves into a cellar. Unfortunately, a soldier finds the cellar. In order to eliminate the enemies, the soldier throws a grenade into it without any hesitation and fires the two survivals, a woman and a baby. The innocent's death sufficiently reveals the cruel battlefield and the cruelty of the war.Identically, in Saving Private Ryan, the scene of the beginning shows us the cruel battlefield. When the campaign, named Normandy starts, all soldiers are plunged into chaos so that the battlefield is intense, which is pervaded gunfire, smoke and groan. Lots of soldiers die or injure. There is a soldier who loses his arm, and still walks forward to find his arm and picks it up as if he will need it later. After a drastic struggle, the two sides cease fire, with the result that the battlefield is filled with soldiers' corpses and their blood stains the river red. This is the vivid sanguinary battlefield, the cruelty of the war.2.2 The BrotherhoodThe two films all show us the brotherhood. In the Deer Hunter, Michael is an obvious example to show us the brotherhood. He devotes himself a lot to his friend. No matter what he suffering, he never has the idea that is leaving his friend behind. When he and Nick, Steven become prisoners and forced to play Russian roulette, Steven is almost abnormal. His expression is filled with an air of fear and he cannot say something normally. At this time, Michael somehow finds the strength and theway to keep going and to keep Steven and Nick alive. He survives the prison camp and helps the others. Then they begin to flee for their lives. After a long journey, Steven has difficulty in walking forward on account of his injured leg. But Michael does not regard him as a burden and does not abandon him. He helps him continue to walk and comfort him. After a while, Michael comes across a group of soldiers who are Americans. He entrusts Steven to the soldiers and tells them sending Steven to hospital. In the movie, Michael shows us that the friendship is really precious. Similarly, in Saving Private Ryan, Jackson is an apparently example. At the crucial moment of life, he does not select to save his own life initially. On the contrary, he thinks of his comrade firstly. Jackson is a sniper. In the end of the movie, there is another outbreak of the war between America and Germany, so he is appointed to carry out the mission in the bell tower. In order to make him fulfill his undertaking, the captain gives him a company, named parker. The war is very fierce. The German use tanks to fight against the America. Unluckily, the bell tower becomes German's target. Hence, the German soldiers use the tank to shoot Jackson and Parker. Accidentally, Jackson notices it, but he does not escape from the danger. He thinks of Parker, and shouts, “Parker, get down." However, they do not survive. The bell tower is bombed and they are dead consequently. In the movie, Jackson reveals us the truly brotherhood because he does not desert his companion in the emergency.III. The Differences in the two films3.1 The Inhumanity and HumanityIn The Deer Hunter, it shows us the inhumanity in our human nature, especially the captors. Take a striking example, when the three men become prisoners, they are forced to play Russian roulette by the captors. The prisoners need to blow out their brains and the captors gamble on who will, or will not his brain. It is really a cruel game. If the prisoners refuse to blow their brains, the captors will punish them by violence and then encage them into a place where prisoners are steeped by dirty water and the water is filled with mice. The prisoners' suffering embodies that the captors are deficient in humanity.In contrast, confronting with the prisoner of the war, the captors in the Saving Private Ryan do not persecute him to death. They reveal a matter of humanity. For example, when a German soldier is captured, the American soldiers do not torture him. The captain just let the prisoner cover Wade's body for grave detail and then do the same thing for the paratroopers down. In the progress of digging the grave, the interpreter even treats him like friend. The interpreter chats with him and helps him deal with it together. And finally, to our surprise, the captain sets the prisoner free. The prisoner's experience shows the captors sympathy and kindness.3.2 The Psychic Suffering and Physical SufferingThe Deer Hunter embodies a matter of suffering resulting from the war. Nick is a striking example. He is a victim of the war. He suffers a lot in mental, and totally breaks down at the end. Nick survives in the Vietnam War and stays in Vietnam and he is trained as a member in a gambling house. After a long time, he becomes numb and degenerate. When Michael goes through lots of hardships and finds him, he evencannot recognize Michael. And Then Michael asks him: "do you remember our home?" He should say nothing and looks like painful. Ultimately, he shoots himself and loses his life because he cannot put up with the greatly mental suffering.Saving Private Ryan reveals a matter of physical suffering. Wade is also a victim in the war, but he is not like Nick for the reason that he suffers a lot in physical and at last he loses his life. Wade is a member in the eight-member squad of searching for Ryan. When they are in the process of looking for Ryan, the war between America and Germany breaks out, which are rendered by the bloody debris of both weapons and bodies. In the progress of struggling, Wade is shot in the chest. We can see his internal organs, his liver. He looks like in agony. When his companions ask him:" what can we do? Tell us what to do." He tells his companions that he needs more morphine to alleviate his physical suffering. However, the morphine merely relieves his suffering, which can not cure his wounds. Finally, he is dead in view of his severe physical pain.V. ConclusionIn the two films, the cruel battlefields are embodied realistically by the ubiquitous corpses, including the soldiers, the women, the children and the old. Furthermore, the movies show the brotherhood. No matter what one suffers, he is always considering his friend, which proves that friendship is invaluable. Besides, the two films reveal the strength and the weakness in human nature. Confronting with the prisoners, one behaves cruel and inhuman, while the other shows its kind and human. Last but not least, the two films reflect that the war is harmful to people in that it brings people not only mental torture, but also physical torture. To some extent, the two films show people's eagerness of peace and arouse people's consciousness of keeping world peaceful and restful. Only in this way can we live in a harmonious society and lead a happy life.。