could have done 用法
情态动词加have done的用法

四、 “may+have+done”
• 表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可 能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 • • • • —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事? ——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
一、 “must+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定 做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 • 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面 还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
八、 “should+have+done”
• 意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某 事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 • • 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这 项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 • 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他 如此严厉。
九、 “ought to+have+done”
• 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成 “理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。
could+have_done

一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。
1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George?—I don't know. He may have got lost.—乔治发生了什么事?——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
情态动词10条学习要点“could have 过去分词”用法全面归纳讲义 高考英语语法复习

2023年高中英语语法:情态动词10条学习要点“could+have+过去分词”用法全面归纳有关情态动词的10条学习要点1. 弄清基本语法特点情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。
常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。
情态动词具有以下3个特点:(1)情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2)情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3)变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法(1)can表示具有某种能力或技能,意为“能,会”。
如:Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?(2)can 的过去式为could,但它通常只表示过去一般性能力,不表示过去特定场合下的能力,遇此情况要用was [were] able to。
如:I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法can / could / may / might均可表示许可,只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可;could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气;在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may,不能用could / might。
情态动词+have done的构成及用法含译文

情态动词+have done的构成及用法含译文1.情态动词+have done的构成may/might have done可能已经发生了某事could have done本能够做某事can't/couldn’t have done不可能已经发生了某事must have done一定已经发生了某事would have done本来会做某事should/ought to have done本应该做某事但没有做shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不应该做某事但做了need have done本需要做某事但没有做needn't have done 本不需要做某事但做了2.情态动词+have done的用法情态动词+have done的用法主要包括两个方面:一.表示对过去所发生事情的推测或假设;二.表示对过去所发生事情的责备或遗憾。
①may/might have done可能已经发生了某事。
对过去所发生动作的不太肯定的推测。
用于肯定句中,may和might意思相同,但might 可能性更小,多用于虚拟语气中。
By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien may indeed have been the real Father Christmas. 通过这种特别的方式表达对孩子们的爱,托尔金可能真的是真正的圣诞老人。
(新外研版必修二)You can check his office. He might have been there already. 你可以去他的办公室看看。
他可能已经到那儿了。
If he had been given more encouragement, he might have made greater progress. 如果给他更多的鼓励,他可能会取得更大的进步。
must(should,need, ought to, could might)have done用法比较

一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 shouldn't have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 oughtn't to have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。” 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构 needn't have done 表示 “过去本没必要做某事却做了。” 4. could (不能用 can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。”注意:其否定形式 couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,couldn't have done 只能表推测,相当于 can't have done,意为:“过去不可能做了某事。” 5. might (不能用 may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。” 注意:其否定形式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,might not have done 只能表推测,相当于 may not have done,意为:“过去可能没有做某事。” 二、表推测的用法 1. must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,译为:过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示. 例如: Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的,那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我(当时)给他画了张图。 “The dictionary Байду номын сангаасas disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了,(过去)谁可能把它拿走了? 2. may / might have done may / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”。may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事。”例如: I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。 注意:may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。 3. can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度。 Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗? I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。 注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must 最大,could 其次,may 更次之,might 最小。例如: “I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。” “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” “他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许(没准儿)已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。”
考研语法小知识:情态动词+have done

考研英语情态动词+have done的用法共分为9种,分别为:must have done、may/might have done、can/cannot have done、could have done、might have done、should/ought to have done、needn’t have done、had better have done、would rather have done,具体讲解如下: 情态动词+have done 用法 例句 must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”。
He was subtilized someone must have entered his room.他敏锐地察觉到一定有什么人进过他的房间。
may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……”。
一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句。
用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
A radio announcer may have an audience of millions.一个广播员可能拥有数百万名听众。
can/cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
(can换成could时语气委婉) It beats me how she can have done it.我感到莫名其妙,她怎么竟然做出这样的事。
could have done 可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意,此外,还可以表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。
Our ancestors could have killed themselves off with their large brains and dangerous memes, but they pulled through.我们的祖先原本可能会因为自己的硕大头脑和危险的模因而灭亡,好在他们挺了过来。
通过高考题精讲 could have done的用法

通过高考题精讲could have done的用法could (not)have done 常见用法:1. 对过去行为的推测,表可能。
2. 过去能做而未做,表惋惜,或婉转的批评。
3. 虚拟语气中,表过去的虚拟。
I can’t find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not su re.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left解析:本题选择D.could have done 对过去行为的推测,表可能。
我找不到皮包,根据下文yesterday表过去的推测,加上I’m not su re,所以排除B。
(2013浙江)3. I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.A shouldn’t have enjoyedB needn’t have enjoyedC wouldn’t have enjoyedD couldn’t have enjoyed解析:本题选择D.could not have done 对过去行为的推测,表可能。
Could not…….more……固定句型,非常,再….也不为过…根据下文was和perfect,我过的非常愉快。
——I stayed at a hotel while in New York .——Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A.could have stayedB.could stayC.would stayD.must have stayedcould have done 过去能做而未做,表惋惜,或婉转的批评。
根据上文,stayed过去住酒店浪费钱,本可以和朋友住一起。
(2009江苏)28. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he __________it differently.A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed解析:本题选择C.could have done 过去能做而未做,表惋惜,或婉转的批评。
情态动词+have_done的用法及与+v. 的比较

六、 “might+have+done.”
• 表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同, 表示对过去事情的推测, 意思相同, 与 意思相同 但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气 主结构中。 虚拟语气但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气 if主结构中。 • • 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一 些帮助,即使他很忙。 • 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她 点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
四、 “could+have+done.”
• 是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意 思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 • • He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试, 但是他太粗心。
五、 “may+have+done.”
八、 “should (not) +have+done”
• 意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” 意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。 “shouldn’t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某 表示本来不应该做某 而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 • • 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这 项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 • 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他 如此严厉。
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could have done 用法
1.表示主观猜测:即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测,通常可译为“可能(已经)”,有时需根据具体语境来翻译。
如:
Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了,昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。
We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱,因为他没钱。
该用法也可将could换成can,但这只限于否定句和疑问句,因为can表推测时不用于肯定句(而could 可以用于肯定句)。
如:
Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗?
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
2.表示未曾实现的能力:即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的,但实际上没有那样去做,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。
如:
The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
有时用于反语。
如:
You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——
你得了吧,就那我自己也会弄。
3.表示未实现的可能性:即表示过去本来可能发生情况,而实际上没有发生,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。
如:
She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。
It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了,本来可能会更糟呢。
有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。
如:
She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦,她差点哭了。
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢?好在没有砸伤人。
4.表示未曾实现的想法:即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图,但实际上没有实现,通常译为“本来可以”。
如:
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。
你为什么不向我提出?
I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的,但是我认为你太自负了。
5.表示未曾实现的选择:即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来可以”。
如:
You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的,你当时本可以用复写纸打。
You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去,你本来可以乘电梯的。
6.表示批评或责备:即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。
如:
You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?
7.表示可能达到的极限:表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事,但还是未能做成,通常用于否定句。
如:
I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了,所以我就没有参加赛跑。
I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more—it was a perfect day. 我玩得没法再痛快了——这一天简直痛快极了。
8.表示惊讶:表示对所发生的情况感到惊奇,含有“竟然”的意味。
如:
It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这么快,简直不可思议。
Well, I’m blowed! I should never have thought you could have done it. 真想不到! 我从未想到居然办得到。
9.用于虚拟语气:在虚拟条件句中,当谈论过去的情况时,其句型通常是:主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”,从句用过去完成时。
如:
If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实,他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。
If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened. 如果有谁问过我,我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。
10.用于口语惯用表达:如用于I could have sworn…,表示“我可以发誓”“我千真万确”。
如:
I could have sworn I’d paid that bill. 我可以发誓我付过账。
I could have sworn I heard a knock at the door. 我千真万确听到了敲门声。