Influence of pH values in the preparation of CuO-CeO_2 on its catalytic performance for the pref
高三英语学术报告单选题50题
高三英语学术报告单选题50题1. In this academic report, the author _______ the importance of environmental protection.A. emphasizedB. stressedC. underlinedD. highlighted答案：A。
解析：这四个词都有强调的意思。
emphasize比较通用，强调通过某种方式使事物更明显或更重要，在这里表示作者强调环境保护的重要性，用法比较常规；stress强调着重指出某件事情的重要性或严重性，更侧重于压力方面的强调；underline通常指在文字下面划线以表示强调，是比较具体的动作，在学术报告这种语境下不太合适；highlight强调突出显示某个部分，使它更引人注目，通常用于强调某个特定的点或者细节，这里表达一般性的强调重要性，emphasize 更合适。
2. The data in the academic report is so _______ that we can draw reliable conclusions.A. accurateB. exactC. preciseD. correct答案：A。
解析：accurate表示准确的，强调与事实相符，没有错误，在描述学术报告中的数据时，表示数据准确从而能得出可靠结论是很合适的；exact表示确切的，强调在数量、细节等方面完全符合事实，更侧重于精确性；precise强调精确、精密，往往含有细致入微的意思；correct只是表示正确的，没有错误，相比之下，accurate更能体现数据的质量在学术语境下对得出结论的重要性。
3. When writing an academic report, one should _______ relevant literature.A. refer toB. look upC. consultD. all of the above答案：A。
专业八级模拟611
专业八级模拟611(总分：134.92，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Culture Shock and the Process of AdaptationⅠ. Culture shock1) Theoretical 1—troublesome feelings,—caused by loss of familiar 2 from the home culture.2) 3—to describe problemse.g. Chinese meet when they 4e.g. Foreigners have when they come to China.3) 5 of culture shock.—Living in one"s home culture, a person knows what people mean by means of 6—After leaving the familiar environment, meanings are not 7 , and the person does not know how to respond.4) Results of culture shock.— 8 : the person will not adapt successfully.—opportunities: changes as a person.It is not easy predict who will adapt successfully and who will not. toⅡ. The process of adaptation.1) Stage one: Excitement.—The excitement continues through 9—Eventually the person will meet a situation in which home culture 10 do not work in the new environment, but make the problem worse.2) Stage two: 11—people experience a 12 in mood or spirit.3) Stage three: Frustration.—self-doubt and depression are replaced by more13 attitudes.—start the long climb up toward feeling positive.4) Stage four: Growing effectiveness.—increasing 14 that he can deal with new situations as they arise.5) Stage five: Appreciation.—be able to experience the full 15 of human feelings in the new culture.6) Increased ability.Culture Shock and the Process of AdaptationⅠ. Culture shock1) Theoretical 1—troublesome feelings,—caused by loss of familiar 2 from the home culture.2) 3—to describe problemse.g. Chinese meet when they 4e.g. Foreigners have when they come to China.3) 5 of culture shock.—Living in one"s home culture, a person knows what people mean by means of 6—After leaving the familiar environment, meanings are not 7 , and the person does not know how to respond.4) Results of culture shock.— 8 : the person will not adapt successfully.—opportunities: changes as a person.It is not easy predict who will adapt successfully and who will not. toⅡ. The process of adaptation.1) Stage one: Excitement.—The excitement continues through 9—Eventually the person will meet a situation in which home culture 10 do not work in the new environment, but make the problem worse.2) Stage two: 11—people experience a 12 in mood or spirit.3) Stage three: Frustration.—self-doubt and depression are replaced by more13 attitudes.—start the long climb up toward feeling positive.4) Stage four: Growing effectiveness.—increasing 14 that he can deal with new situations as they arise.5) Stage five: Appreciation.—be able to experience the full 15 of human feelings in the new culture.6) Increased ability.（分数：15.00）解析：definition [听力原文]Good morning, everyone, today"s lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on culture shock. So I"d like to spend some time discussing with you the nature of culture shock and the six stages of the adaptation process so as to help you better understand and adapt to a new cultural environment.First of all, what is culture shock? I believe most people are familiar with the idea of culture shock. In theory, culture shock is defined as troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture. The "shock" in culture shock emphasizes the pain and doubt that a person experiences when faced with a significantly new experience.In practice, people usually use the term culture shock whenever they tell a story about problems. Chinese meet when they go abroad or when they want to describe problems foreigners have when they come to China. It can be easily understood that when a person is living in his home culture, he knows what people mean when they speak and act. He is able to interpret situations and knows how to respond. The world makes sense. However, when he leaves that familiar environment, he is deprived of familiar cues, familiar behaviors and meanings that reassure him that he understands the world. Suddenly meanings are not clear, and the person does not know how to respond. He feels disoriented. This is perfectly normal and occurs in situations other than moving to a new culture. When put into any significantly new and challenging situation, the person faces risks and has opportunities. The risk is that the person will not adapt successfully. If the person is not able to endure the pain and overcome the problems, he may abandon the new situation and return to a life that is more familiar and comfortable. If that is not possible, he may continue to live inthe new situation, but in a way that causes continuing difficulties for himself and others. If the person adapts successfully, he changes as a person. He acquires new skills, new attitudes, and a new outlook on the world.It is not easy to predict who will adapt successfully and who will not. So before going abroad, learning about the process of adaptation will help you better understand what is happening to you, though it will not prevent culture shock. Typically people experience the following stages as they adapt to a new cultural situation.Stage one: Excitement about the new situation.Except for refugees and others who are pushed to leave home against their will, most people who go abroad to live temporarily or permanently in a new culture do so willingly. They have some specific purpose in mind such as furthering their education, pursuing economic or professional opportunities, or simply experiencing something new. Especially when friends and relatives put a positive value on going abroad, when they give it high prestige or think they will also benefit, then the person who is going usually anticipates the experience with a great deal of excitement. The excitement of this stage typically continues through the early period after arriving in the new culture. Everything seems to be wonderful. The expectations the person has for the new experience have not yet been tested. The newcomer is using standards from his home culture to evaluate the situation in the new culture. But eventually the person will meet a situation in which home culture strategies for dealing with problems not only do not work, but make the problem worse. And this marks the end of the first stage and the beginning of the second.Stage two: Confusion when faced with the hidden aspects of culture.At the beginning of the confusion stage, the person in an unfamiliar culture often experiences a sudden decline in mood or spirit. Often at this stage, newcomers misread or misinterpret the behavior and speech of the local people. Part of the problem may be limited language skills, but more important is a tendency to interpret meanings according to the home cultural grammar. Stage three: Frustration when old ways of dealing with situations fail to work.At this stage the confusion, self-doubt and depression of the second stage usually decline and are replaced by more negative attitudes such as frustration and anger about the new culture. Instead of blaming or doubting himself, the newcomer starts to put the blame for his difficulties on the new culture and its people. He may become suspicious and believe that the host country people around him always have negative reasons for doing what they do. In a way, this is a change for the better, because it shows that the newcomer is paying more attention to what the people around him are actually doing. And this will lead him to start the long climb up toward feeling as positive about himself and the new culture as he did the day he left home.Stage four: Growing effectiveness as new skills are acquired.During the third stage the person is feeling bad but is acting in a more assertive way to deal with the new culture. In time these efforts pay off and the person becomes more effective. The person is gaining cross-cultural skills and has added important new skills to his cultural software and has some confidence that he can deal with new situations as they arise.Stage five: Appreciation as new skills and attitudes enable the person to live more fully in the new situation.In this stage the person moves beyond effectiveness in the new culture to an attitude of appreciation. He is developing a more personal understanding of the new culture and values it. The person is able to live a full life, experiencing the full range of human feelings in the new culture. He is becoming more creative, expressive and able to take initiative and responsibility. Stage six: Increased ability to deal with new and novel situations.When a person has successfully adapted to a new culture, he has learned how to learn culture. That is a valuable attribute for anyone living in the global village. The person is now ready for new cross-cultural experiences.Now, to sum up, in today"s lecture we have elaborated on the nature, causes and results of culture shock, which was a commonplace phenomenon experienced by people going abroad. The subsequent discussion on the six stages of the adaptation process focuses on what is happening to people going abroad, a good knowledge of these stages can help people understand what is going on, so as to ease the confusion and frustration of the initial stages and accelerate the acquisition of the ability to appreciate and deal with the new cultural environment.[解析] 由文章开头看出讲座首先从理论的角度定义了culture shock这一概念。
西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题
西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。
3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。
6. 考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。
Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragr aph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东华大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷17
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东华大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an ______ of the cost of repairing the roof.问题1选项A.assessmentB.estimateC.announcementD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项assessment“估计、评定”；B项estimate“估价、判断”；C项announcement“公告、宣告”；D项evaluation“评价”；句意：在他开始工作之前，我请建筑工人给我估计一下修理屋顶的费用。
因此该题B项正确。
2.单选题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms as humanity’s next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only human could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.1. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explores in going to unknown place in the past was_________________.2. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is____________.3. What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?4. By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been”, the author means that________________.5. The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would ___________.问题1选项A.to display their country’s military mightC.to find new areas for colonizationD.to pursue commercial and state interests问题2选项A.international cooperationB.nationalistic reasonsC.scientific researchD.long-term profits问题3选项A.tTo find out if life ever existed there.B.tTo see if humans could survive there.C.tTo prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D.tTo show the leading role of science in space exploration.问题4选项A.with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space ventures.B.in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC.in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD.with Mars, scientists argue, the fundamental interests of science are at issue 问题5选项B.confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteoriteC.reveal the kind of conditions under which life originatesD.provide an explanation why life is common in the universe【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】：事实细节题。
what influences our purchasing decisions雅思写作
what influences our purchasing decisions雅思写作Our purchasing decisions are influenced by a variety of factors, including personal preferences, economic conditions, social influences, and marketing strategies.One of the biggest influences on our purchasing decisions is our personal preferences. Each individual has their own unique tastes, needs, and wants, which play a significant role in determining what products or services they choose to purchase. For example, some people may prioritize convenience and opt for products that save them time, while others may value sustainability and choose eco-friendly options.Economic conditions also have a significant impact on our purchasing decisions. Factors such as income levels, inflation, and unemployment rates can affect our willingness and ability to spend money. During economic downturns, people tend to become more cautious with their spending and prioritize essential items over luxury goods.Another influencing factor is social influence. The opinions and recommendations of our friends, family, and colleagues can greatly affect our purchasing decisions. We tend to seek validation and conform to social norms, which can lead us to purchase certain products or brands to fit in or gain social approval. Additionally, the rise of social media influencers has further amplified this social influence, as their recommendations and endorsements can significantly sway consumer behavior.Marketing strategies also play a crucial role in influencing ourpurchasing decisions. Companies utilize various tactics such as advertising, promotions, product placement, and packaging to create a desire for their products or services. They tap into our emotions, aspirations, and desires to convince us that their offerings will fulfill our needs or improve our lives.In conclusion, our purchasing decisions are influenced by personal preferences, economic conditions, social influences, and marketing strategies. It is important to be aware of these influences and make informed choices that align with our values and needs, rather than simply being swayed by external factors.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第47期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。
一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化的底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和尺寸形状恰好的地毯。
此时此刻，他们沉醉在民主、小康、有车开的幸福中，生活从来没有这么好。
他们不愿意走路。
统计表明：他们把从停车场到购物中心的距离设计得很短，由于没有足够的远离街道的停车设施，城市到处都是在马路随便停靠的汽车和停车计价表。
拥挤成为影响环境的主要因素，从统计中看出：每个家庭拥有两辆车的状况会使事情更糟。
同时，“地价”带来的不仅是伤害，还有侮辱。
土地的价值缘于它的用途，它的收入来自它提供的服务。
当它的用途被加强，它的收入和价值也就增加。
“充分合理利用土地”成为城市发展主要经济标准。
这种投机的方法和人口增长带来的压力导致了城市的“垂直”上升，人们也不得不适应这种拥挤来维持这些相对虚假的土地价值。
荒谬的是试图消除拥挤的良方就是创造更多的拥挤。
部分的分散，或者叫虚假的分散，在远离传统市镇中心的地方大片开发，只是把疾病转移到市镇的周边。
如果没有和市镇交通系统重建相结合起来的话，就无法治愈。
对于这一点，铺设复杂的十字路口的必要性强烈影响工程解决办法，反过来，又被夸张的地价挫败。
【答案】The tragic influence of modern cities on human beings is that they kill the beauty of human beings. The material benefits of an affluent society divert attention from the city and its cultural heritage to technological products: washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, televisions, computers and floor coverings of the right size and shape. At this moment, they are intoxicated in democracy, well-off, car happiness, life has never been so good.They are unwilling to walk. Statistics show that they have designed a short distance from the parking lot to the center of shopping. Since there are not enough parking facilities far away from the street, the city is full of cars and parking meters randomly parked on the street. Crowding has become a major factor in the environment, and by all accounts, having two cars per family makes things worse.At t he same time, “land price” brings not only hurt, but also insult. Land is valued for its use, and its income comes from the services it provides. When its use is strengthened, its income and value increase. “Make full and reasonable use of land” became the main economic standard of urban development. This speculative approach and the pressures of population growth have led to a “vertical” rise in cities, and people have had to adapt to the crowding to maintain these relatively false land values. Paradoxically, the best way to try to eliminate congestion is to create more.Partial dispersions, or false dispersions, develop large tracts of land far from the traditional town center, merely moving disease to the periphery of the town. There is no cure if it is n ot combined with the reconstruction of the town’s transport system. To this end, the necessity of laying complex intersections strongly influences engineering solutions, which in turn are frustrated by exaggerated land prices.2.单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （） ? 问题1选项A.ingredientsB.elementsponentspounds【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。
大型硫磺制酸转化系统强化换热器设计方案
3 2
换热器设计结果
根据假定的物流与温度条件, 600 kt/ a、 800 kt/ a
表 3、 4 并附参考价格。碳钢换热器的缩放管是用 51 mm ∋ 3 5 mm 锅炉管轧制 , 不锈钢换热器的缩 放管是用 51 mm ∋ 2 5 mm316 L 不锈钢管轧制。
硫酸转化系统空心环管壳式换热器的设计结果见 表1
在技术熟练的条件下一天就能做好, 许多企业在 掌握了网板加工方法之后都认为网板的加工是较 方便的, 并不会成为换热器加工的难点。 c 有的企业担心缩放管容易积垢, 致使污 垢热阻及流动阻力增大。从传热管积灰的原因上 看, 积灰主要发生在流体流速小、 有流动死角之 处, 而缩放管束在壳程是采用空心环支承, 流体纵 向流阻小, 流速高 , 且无流动死角 , 故不易发生积 垢。而在缩放管的凹肋面 , 由于曲面较大, 而且平 滑, 边界层流体的湍流强度也较高 , 故也不易积 灰。一般在正常的工况条件下, 只要气体是干气
2
2 946 4 63 ∋ 10 3 62 3
- 2
传热负荷 / kW 传热温差 / ( 总传热系数 / W#m #(
- 1
25 2 1470 5 8 10 4 151 136 0 101 505 10
管壳两侧总压降 / Pa 换热器直径 / m 换热器总高 / m 碳钢换热器总重 / t 碳钢换热器价格 ( 参考 ) / 万元 不锈钢换热器总重 / t 不锈钢换热器价格 ( 参考 ) / 万元 换热面积余量 , %
收稿日期 2001- 05- 18 作者简 介 邓 先 和 , 男 , 华 南 理 工 大学 教 授、 博 导 , 从事换热设备研究。
稳定且较廉, 而我国的硫资源较短缺, 我国进口 硫磺数量持续增加。在磷矿资源丰富的云南省, 为了大规模生产磷复肥, 正考虑建设大型的硫磺 制酸系统。为使新建系统的一次性设备投资少、 运行能耗低、经济效益好 , 用户及设计院都在寻 找先进、可靠的生产设备。目前, 空心环管壳式 换热器已在 25~ 400 kt / a 硫铁矿、硫磺及冶炼烟 气制酸 系统有良 好的使用, 设计技 术已成熟可 靠, 这为 600 kt/ a、 800 kt/ a 硫酸系统换热器的设 计提供了可靠依据。本文以 600 kt/ a、800 kt/ a硫 磺制酸为例, 提出了空心环管壳式换热器的设计 方案。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题______ that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.问题1选项A.The truthB.It is trueC.If trueD.To be true【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。
句意：的确，随着鸟类和哺乳动物的体型变大，它们每单位组织的代谢率会下降，它们通常会活得更长。
It is/was+adj.+that是强调句型，It作形式主语，真正主语是that 后面的内容，B选项It is true符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
2.单选题While the company’s CEO professes to be confident and urges the deal forward, its investors are unlikely to be so _______ about its prospects. Many were uncomfortable at the way the corporation was forced to spend much of its capital in last year’s expansion, and this new venture is potentially even more risky.问题1选项A.apatheticB.sanguineC.apprehensiveD.anxious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项apathetic“无动于衷的；缺乏兴趣的”；B选项sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”；C选项apprehensive“忧虑的”；D选项anxious“担忧的；急切的”。